scholarly journals Optimization of Building Exit Layout: Combining Exit Decisions of Evacuees

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Guofeng Ma ◽  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Shan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Proposed Model

Exits are essential to the efficiency of building evacuation due to its irreplaceable function, and the layout of multiple exits has always been the key concern for architectural design. To accurately evaluate the evacuation efficiency of different multiexit layouts and optimize the design rules, a dynamic exit decision model integrating an exit selection strategy and the social force model is developed to simulate the practical evacuation. And our proposed model outperforms the original social force model in terms of evacuation efficiency. Accordingly, different layouts are analyzed for evacuation in a single room with two exits. The analysis results reveal that evacuation time will be improved with the changes of exit locations and two parallel exits are validated as the most efficient layout among the three common categories. Affected by walking time and queuing time of evacuees, it is not conducive to evacuation whether the separation of two exits is too large or too small. Furthermore, an even symmetry is found more efficient than an asymmetric distribution of exits under some conditions. This work provides a basis for architectural designs of multiple exits and a foundation for further study of evacuation simulation.

scholarly journals Simulation of Pedestrian Crossing Behaviors at Unmarked Roadways Based on Social Force Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Ningbo ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Qu Zhaowei ◽  
Zhao Liying ◽  
Bai Qiaowen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Gap Acceptance Theory

Limited pedestrian microcosmic simulation models focus on the interactions between pedestrians and vehicles at unmarked roadways. Pedestrians tend to head to the destinations directly through the shortest path. So, pedestrians have inclined trajectories pointing destinations. Few simulation models have been established to describe the mechanisms underlying the inclined trajectories when pedestrians cross unmarked roadways. To overcome these shortcomings, achieve solutions for optimal design features before implementation, and help to make the design more rational, the paper establishes a modified social force model for interactions between pedestrians and vehicles at unmarked roadways. To achieve this goal, stop/go decision-making model based on gap acceptance theory and conflict avoidance models were developed to make social force model more appropriate in simulating pedestrian crossing behaviors at unmarked roadways. The extended model enables the understanding and judgment ability of pedestrians about the traffic environment and guides pedestrians to take the best behavior to avoid conflict and keep themselves safe. The comparison results of observed pedestrians’ trajectories and simulated pedestrians’ trajectories at one unmarked roadway indicate that the proposed model can be used to simulate pedestrian crossing behaviors at unmarked roadways effectively. The proposed model can be used to explore pedestrians’ trajectories variation at unmarked roadways and improve pedestrian safety facilities.

Evacuation Simulation in the Narrow Stair with Revised Social Force Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 1577-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wu ◽  
Juan Huang ◽  
Zhong Lai Guo ◽  
Yong Gang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Psychological Force ◽  
Narrow Space ◽  
Direction Model

In this paper, a revised social force model in the stairs are discussed. Considering the influence of the gravity to the pedestrians in the stairs, we improve the model by adding the gravity factor, which makes the simulation more reality. In additional, we simplify the direction model of the psychological force between pedestrians considering the narrow space of the stair, and this will refine the computational efficiency dramatically. Furthermore, we also discussed the construction of the building models for the practical simulations. The experimental results in this paper shows the valid of the model.

scholarly journals Crowd evacuation simulation for walking-along-side effect in the Stadium

2020 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Benbu Liang ◽  
Kefan Xie ◽  
Xueqin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Crowd Evacuation

With growing concerns about stadiums where attract large mass gathering, modeling and simulating crowd evacuation is pertinent to ensuring efficient and safe conditions. Based on the modified social force model and multi-agent simulation, several simulation scenarios are conducted to study the walking-along-side effects. The results show that walking along the sides will increase evacuation time, but it can mitigate the pressure of clogging effects and stream arching queue. Meanwhile, walking-along-side effects can relieve the density pressure of the exit and the "fast-is-slow" phenomenon. At last, several suggestions are put forward to promote evacuating capacity of the stadium.

scholarly journals An Evacuation Model for Passenger Ships That Includes the Influence of Obstacles in Cabins

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baocheng Ni ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Passenger Behavior

Passenger behavior and ship environment are the key factors affecting evacuation efficiency. However, current studies ignore the interior layout of passenger ship cabins and treat the cabins as empty rooms. To investigate the influence of obstacles (e.g., tables and stools) on cabin evacuation, we propose an agent-based social force model for advanced evacuation analysis of passenger ships; this model uses a goal-driven submodel to determine a plan and an extended social force submodel to govern the movement of passengers. The extended social force submodel considers the interaction forces between the passengers, crew, and obstacles and minimises the range of these forces to improve computational efficiency. We drew the following conclusions based on a series of evacuation simulations conducted in this study: (1) the proposed model endows the passenger with the behaviors of bypassing and crossing obstacles, (2) funnel-shaped exits from cabins can improve evacuation efficiency, and (3) as the exit angle increases, the evacuation time also increases. These findings offer ship designers some insight towards increasing the safety of large passenger ships.

Research of Crowd Evacuation Simulation Based on the Machine Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoxi Liu ◽  
Yanbin Han ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xin Qin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Evacuation Route

A majority of existing evacuation models overlooked the pedestrian’s social relationship and their learning ability. In this paper, we made two improvements base on the social force model. First, a new force called group relationship force was added to the social force model. Pedestrians who have close relationship could gather into a group and walk together. Second, the machine learning was introduced to the improved social force model to represent pedestrian’s learning and cognitive ability. In the improved model, pedestrians could store the evacuation route to the knowledge base, and next time they can choose a best path to evacuate according to their knowledge. Simulation results show that the new method could better to avoid obstacles and save evacuation time. Furthermore, this improved model is applied to the simulation system of Ji’nan Springs Plaza for predictive evacuation experiments.

scholarly journals OpenGL 3D crowd evacuation simulation at universiti tun hussein onn malaysia (UTHM) hostel

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Jamaludin, M.N ◽  
Mohamad, S. ◽  
Sunar, M.S. ◽  
Isa, K. ◽  
Hanifa, R.M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Application ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
High Level

<span lang="EN-GB">Crowd simulation is the process of simulating characterized agents or entities using computer application to analyse it in virtual scene or virtual environment. This paper investigates the best route path for agents to act in avoiding the fire hazards with different designated type of stairs in shop lots that were converted to hostel dormitory for students. 3D social force agent’s model and 3D fire hazards were designed in Microsoft Visual Studio C++ software and OpenGL library. A research was conducted using social force model behaviour and were taken by 10 and 15 agents to analyse the time taken to complete the evacuation process. The acceleration produced where it is related with route path taken by agents, interaction forces of agents and interaction forces of wall are the main research system to analyse agents’ behaviour during simulation. Different simulations have been used to determine the best and fastest route taken by agents. In summary, the lower the number of agents, the lower the time allocated by agents to complete the evacuation. Finally, less number of agents using the designated straight stairs gave a lower time to complete evacuation process and reached high level of security to avoid being exposed to fire hazards. </span>

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