scholarly journals An Evacuation Model for Passenger Ships That Includes the Influence of Obstacles in Cabins

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baocheng Ni ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Passenger Behavior

Passenger behavior and ship environment are the key factors affecting evacuation efficiency. However, current studies ignore the interior layout of passenger ship cabins and treat the cabins as empty rooms. To investigate the influence of obstacles (e.g., tables and stools) on cabin evacuation, we propose an agent-based social force model for advanced evacuation analysis of passenger ships; this model uses a goal-driven submodel to determine a plan and an extended social force submodel to govern the movement of passengers. The extended social force submodel considers the interaction forces between the passengers, crew, and obstacles and minimises the range of these forces to improve computational efficiency. We drew the following conclusions based on a series of evacuation simulations conducted in this study: (1) the proposed model endows the passenger with the behaviors of bypassing and crossing obstacles, (2) funnel-shaped exits from cabins can improve evacuation efficiency, and (3) as the exit angle increases, the evacuation time also increases. These findings offer ship designers some insight towards increasing the safety of large passenger ships.

scholarly journals Simulation of Pedestrian Crossing Behaviors at Unmarked Roadways Based on Social Force Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Ningbo ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Qu Zhaowei ◽  
Zhao Liying ◽  
Bai Qiaowen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Gap Acceptance Theory

Limited pedestrian microcosmic simulation models focus on the interactions between pedestrians and vehicles at unmarked roadways. Pedestrians tend to head to the destinations directly through the shortest path. So, pedestrians have inclined trajectories pointing destinations. Few simulation models have been established to describe the mechanisms underlying the inclined trajectories when pedestrians cross unmarked roadways. To overcome these shortcomings, achieve solutions for optimal design features before implementation, and help to make the design more rational, the paper establishes a modified social force model for interactions between pedestrians and vehicles at unmarked roadways. To achieve this goal, stop/go decision-making model based on gap acceptance theory and conflict avoidance models were developed to make social force model more appropriate in simulating pedestrian crossing behaviors at unmarked roadways. The extended model enables the understanding and judgment ability of pedestrians about the traffic environment and guides pedestrians to take the best behavior to avoid conflict and keep themselves safe. The comparison results of observed pedestrians’ trajectories and simulated pedestrians’ trajectories at one unmarked roadway indicate that the proposed model can be used to simulate pedestrian crossing behaviors at unmarked roadways effectively. The proposed model can be used to explore pedestrians’ trajectories variation at unmarked roadways and improve pedestrian safety facilities.

scholarly journals Speed modulated social influence in evacuating pedestrian crowds

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Rin Lindsay Lee ◽  
Abhishek Bhatia ◽  
Jenny Brynjarsdóttir ◽  
Nicole Abaid ◽  
Alethea Barbaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Deviation Rate

Evacuation is a complex social phenomenon with individuals tending to exit a confined space as soon as possible. Social factors that influence an individual include collision avoidance and conformity with others with respect to the tendency to exit. While collision avoidance has been heavily focused on by the agent-based models used frequently to simulate evacuation scenarios, these models typically assume that all agents have an equal desire to exit the scene in a given situation. It is more likely that, out of those who are exiting, some are patient while others seek to exit as soon as possible. Here, we experimentally investigate the effect of different proportions of patient (no-rush) versus impatient (rush) individuals in an evacuating crowd of up to 24 people. Our results show that a) average speed changes significantly for individuals who otherwise tended to rush (or not rush) with both type of individuals speeding up in the presence of the other; and b) deviation rate, defined as the amount of turning, changes significantly for the rush individuals in the presence of no-rush individuals. We then seek to replicate this effect with Helbing's social force model with the twin purposes of analyzing how well the model fits experimental data, and explaining the differences in speed in terms of model parameters. We find that we must change the interaction parameters for both rush and no-rush agents depending on the condition that we are modeling in order to fit the model to the experimental data.

scholarly journals Agent-Based Evacuation in Passenger Ships Using a Goal-Driven Decision-Making Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baocheng Ni ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Path Planning ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Safety Committee ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Ship Safety

Abstract A new agent-based model is proposed to support designers in assessing the evacuation capabilities of passenger ships and in improving ship safety. It comprises models for goal-driven decision-making, path planning, and movement. The goal-driven decision-making model determines an agent’s target by decomposing abstract goals into subgoals. The path-planning model plans the shortest path from the agent’s current position to its target. The movement model is a combination of social-force and steering models to control the agent in moving along its path. The utility of the proposed model is verified using 11 tests for passenger ships proposed by the Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime Organization.

scholarly journals OpenGL 3D crowd evacuation simulation at universiti tun hussein onn malaysia (UTHM) hostel

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Jamaludin, M.N ◽  
Mohamad, S. ◽  
Sunar, M.S. ◽  
Isa, K. ◽  
Hanifa, R.M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Application ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Interaction Forces ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
High Level

<span lang="EN-GB">Crowd simulation is the process of simulating characterized agents or entities using computer application to analyse it in virtual scene or virtual environment. This paper investigates the best route path for agents to act in avoiding the fire hazards with different designated type of stairs in shop lots that were converted to hostel dormitory for students. 3D social force agent’s model and 3D fire hazards were designed in Microsoft Visual Studio C++ software and OpenGL library. A research was conducted using social force model behaviour and were taken by 10 and 15 agents to analyse the time taken to complete the evacuation process. The acceleration produced where it is related with route path taken by agents, interaction forces of agents and interaction forces of wall are the main research system to analyse agents’ behaviour during simulation. Different simulations have been used to determine the best and fastest route taken by agents. In summary, the lower the number of agents, the lower the time allocated by agents to complete the evacuation. Finally, less number of agents using the designated straight stairs gave a lower time to complete evacuation process and reached high level of security to avoid being exposed to fire hazards. </span>

scholarly journals Optimization of Building Exit Layout: Combining Exit Decisions of Evacuees

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Guofeng Ma ◽  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Shan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Proposed Model

Exits are essential to the efficiency of building evacuation due to its irreplaceable function, and the layout of multiple exits has always been the key concern for architectural design. To accurately evaluate the evacuation efficiency of different multiexit layouts and optimize the design rules, a dynamic exit decision model integrating an exit selection strategy and the social force model is developed to simulate the practical evacuation. And our proposed model outperforms the original social force model in terms of evacuation efficiency. Accordingly, different layouts are analyzed for evacuation in a single room with two exits. The analysis results reveal that evacuation time will be improved with the changes of exit locations and two parallel exits are validated as the most efficient layout among the three common categories. Affected by walking time and queuing time of evacuees, it is not conducive to evacuation whether the separation of two exits is too large or too small. Furthermore, an even symmetry is found more efficient than an asymmetric distribution of exits under some conditions. This work provides a basis for architectural designs of multiple exits and a foundation for further study of evacuation simulation.

scholarly journals A re-examination of the role of friction in the original Social Force Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M. Sticco ◽  
G.A. Frank ◽  
F.E. Cornes ◽  
C.O. Dorso
Keyword(s):  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model

scholarly journals Simulating Interactions between Pedestrians, Segway Riders and Cyclists in Shared Spaces Using Social Force Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charitha Dias ◽  
Hiroaki Nishiuchi ◽  
Satoshi Hyoudo ◽  
Tomoyuki Todoroki
Keyword(s):  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Shared Spaces
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