scholarly journals PCOI: Packet Classification‐Based Optical Interconnect for Data Centre Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rab Nawaz Jadoon ◽  
Mohsin Fayyaz ◽  
WuYang Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Amir Khan ◽  
Ghulam Mujtaba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Packet Classification ◽  
Optical Interconnect ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Queuing Model ◽  
Eye Diagram ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Input And Output

To support cloud services, Data Centre Networks (DCNs) are constructed to have many servers and network devices, thus increasing the routing complexity and energy consumption of the DCN. The introduction of optical technology in DCNs gives several benefits related to routing control and energy efficiency. This paper presents a novel Packet Classification based Optical interconnect (PCOI) architecture for DCN which simplifies the routing process by classifying the packet at the sender rack and reduces energy consumption by utilizing the passive optical components. This architecture brings some key benefits to optical interconnects in DCNs which include (i) routing simplicity, (ii) reduced energy consumption, (iii) scalability to large port count, (iv) packet loss avoidance, and (v) all-to-one communication support. The packets are classified based on destination rack and are arranged in the input queues. This paper presents the input and output queuing analysis of the PCOI architecture in terms of mathematical analysis, the TCP simulation in NS2, and the physical layer analysis by conducting simulation in OptiSystem. The packet loss in the PCOI has been avoided by adopting the input and output queuing model. The output queue of PCOI architecture represents an M/D/32 queue. The simulation results show that PCOI achieved a significant improvement in terms of throughput and low end-to-end delay. The eye-diagram results show that a good quality optical signal is received at the output, showing a very low Bit Error Rate (BER).

scholarly journals Trends in Data Centre Energy Consumption under the European Code of Conduct for Data Centre Energy Efficiency

Energies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Avgerinou ◽  
Paolo Bertoldi ◽  
Luca Castellazzi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
European Code

scholarly journals A fine desintegration of plants suitable for composite biofuels production

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Souček ◽  
I. Hanzlíková ◽  
P. Hutla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Input Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Average Size

In case of pressed composite biofuels production the important part of the production process is the input row materials disintegration. In dependence on disintegrated material properties, disintegration device, grinding stage and technological process there is in practice necessary for disintegration of culm materials 0.5–7% and of wooden species even 0.75–10% of total energetical content of material. A wide range of these figures means that in this sphere of raw materials adaptation can be reached relative high savings through correct choice of technological process and device. The authors of the paper have measured energy consumption of fine disintegration of lignocellulose materials in dependence on particles size and moisture. By the realized measurement of different average size of both input and output particles and consequent statistical evaluation was proved the fiducial energy consumption increase at higher stage of disintegration and higher moisture of the input material. All measurements were carried-out for the grinding mill ŠK 300 and the output particles size was limited by the exchange sieves mesh dimension.

Energy Consumption Optimization by Increasing The Processor Speed of Moving Communication Devices in Transport Layer Protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Fakhrur Razi ◽  
Ipan Suandi ◽  
Fahmi Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Transmission Delay ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Tcp Protocol ◽  
Transport Layer Protocol ◽  
Processor Speed

The energy efficiency of mobile devices becomes very important, considering the development of mobile device technology starting to lead to smaller dimensions and with the higher processor speed of these mobile devices. Various studies have been conducted to grow energy-aware in hardware, middleware and application software. The step of optimizing energy consumption can be done at various layers of mobile communication network architecture. This study focuses on examining the energy consumption of mobile devices in the transport layer protocol, where the processor speed of the mobile devices used in this experiment is higher than the processor speed used in similar studies. The mobile device processor in this study has a speed of 1.5 GHz with 1 GHz RAM capacity. While in similar studies that have been carried out, mobile device processors have a speed of 369 MHz with a RAM capacity of less than 0.5 GHz. This study conducted an experiment in transmitting mobile data using TCP and UDP protocols. Because the video requires intensive delivery, so the video is the traffic that is being reviewed. Energy consumption is measured based on the amount of energy per transmission and the amount of energy per package. To complete the analysis, it can be seen the strengths and weaknesses of each protocol in the transport layer protocol, in this case the TCP and UDP protocols, also evaluated the network performance parameters such as delay and packet loss. The results showed that the UDP protocol consumes less energy and transmission delay compared to the TCP protocol. However, only about 22% of data packages can be transmitted. Therefore, the UDP protocol is only effective if the bit rate of data transmitted is close to the network speed. Conversely, despite consuming more energy and delay, the TCP protocol is able to transmit nearly 96% of data packets. On the other hand, when compared to mobile devices that have lower processor speeds, the mobile devices in this study consume more energy to transmit video data. However, transmission delay and packet loss can be suppressed. Thus, mobile devices that have higher processor speeds are able to optimize the energy consumed to improve transmission quality.Key words: energy consumption, processor, delay, packet loss, transport layer protocol

Optical SNR estimation using machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Palash Rai ◽  
Rahul Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Eye Diagram ◽  
Test Instrument ◽  
Data Signal

Abstract A technique for the estimation of an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) using machine learning algorithms has been proposed. The algorithms are trained with parameters derived from eye-diagram via simulation in 10 Gb/s On-Off Keying (OOK) nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data signal. The performance of different machine learning (ML) techniques namely, multiple linear regression, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) for OSNR estimation in terms of mean square error and R-squared value has been compared. The proposed methods may be useful for intelligent signal analysis in a test instrument and to monitor optical performance.

Energy-Efficiency in a Cloud Computing Backbone

2013 ◽  
pp. 283-305
Author(s):  
Burak Kantarci ◽  
Hussein T. Mouftah
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Ip Over Wdm ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Cloud computing combines the advantages of several computing paradigms and introduces ubiquity in the provisioning of services such as software, platform, and infrastructure. Data centers, as the main hosts of cloud computing services, accommodate thousands of high performance servers and high capacity storage units. Offloading the local resources increases the energy consumption of the transport network and the data centers although it is advantageous in terms of energy consumption of the end hosts. This chapter presents a detailed survey of the existing mechanisms that aim at designing the Internet backbone with data centers and the objective of energy-efficient delivery of the cloud services. The survey is followed by a case study where Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-based provisioning models and heuristics are used to guarantee either minimum delayed or maximum power saving cloud services where high performance data centers are assumed to be located at the core nodes of an IP-over-WDM network. The chapter is concluded by summarizing the surveyed schemes with a taxonomy including the cons and pros. The summary is followed by a discussion focusing on the research challenges and opportunities.

scholarly journals Monolithic optoelectronic integrated broadband optical receiver with graphene photodetectors

Nanophotonics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuantong Cheng ◽  
Beiju Huang ◽  
Xurui Mao ◽  
Zanyun Zhang ◽  
Zan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Optical Interconnect ◽  
Optical Receiver ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Experimental Realization ◽  
Operation Speed

AbstractOptical receivers with potentially high operation bandwidth and low cost have received considerable interest due to rapidly growing data traffic and potential Tb/s optical interconnect requirements. Experimental realization of 65 GHz optical signal detection and 262 GHz intrinsic operation speed reveals the significance role of graphene photodetectors (PDs) in optical interconnect domains. In this work, a novel complementary metal oxide semiconductor post-backend process has been developed for integrating graphene PDs onto silicon integrated circuit chips. A prototype monolithic optoelectronic integrated optical receiver has been successfully demonstrated for the first time. Moreover, this is a firstly reported broadband optical receiver benefiting from natural broadband light absorption features of graphene material. This work is a perfect exhibition of the concept of monolithic optoelectronic integration and will pave way to monolithically integrated graphene optoelectronic devices with silicon ICs for three-dimensional optoelectronic integrated circuit chips.

Addressing Thermal Challenges in Design of Data Centres

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Fakhim ◽  
Srinarayana Nagarathinam ◽  
Simon Wong ◽  
Masud Behnia ◽  
Steve Armfield
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Data Centres

Aggregation of small networking hardware has led to an ever increasing power density in data centres. The energy consumption of IT systems is continuing to rise substantially owing to the demands of electronic information and storage requirements. Energy consumption of data centres can be severely and unnecessarily high due to inadequate localised cooling and densely packed rack layouts. However, as heat dissipation in data centres rises by orders of magnitude, inefficiencies such as air recirculation causing hot spots, leading to flow short-circuiting will have a significant impact on the thermal manageability and energy efficiency of the cooling infrastructure. Therefore, the thermal management of high-powered electronic components is a significant challenge for cooling of data centres. In this project, an operational data centre has been studied. Field measurements of temperature have been performed. Numerical analysis of flow and temperature fields is conducted in order to evaluate the thermal behaviour of the data centre. A number of undesirable hot spots have been identified. To rectify the problem, a few practical design solutions to improve the cooling effectiveness have been proposed and examined to ensure a reduced air-conditioning power requirement. Therefore, a better understanding of the cooling issues and the respective proposed solutions can lead to an improved design for future data centres.

SDN-cloud: a power aware resource management system for efficient energy optimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-343
Author(s):  
Swagatika Shrabanee ◽  
Amiya Kumar Rath
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Service Rate ◽  
Content Type

PurposeIn modern cloud services, resource provisioning and allocation are significant for assigning the available resources in efficient way. Resource management in cloud becomes challenging due to high energy consumption at data center (DC), virtual machine (VM) migration, high operational cost and overhead on DC.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors proposed software-defined networking (SDN)-enabled cloud for resource management to reduce energy consumption in DC. SDN-cloud comprises four phases: (1) user authentication, (2) service-level agreement (SLA) constraints, (3) cloud interceder and (4) SDN-controller.FindingsResource management is significant for reducing power consumption in CDs that is based on scheduling, VM placement, with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.Research limitations/implicationsThe main goal is to utilize the resources energy effectively for reducing power consumption in cloud environment. This method effectively increases the user service rate and reduces the unnecessary migration process.Originality/valueAs a result, the authors show a significant reduction in energy consumption by 20 KWh as well as over 60% power consumption in the presence of 500 VMs. In future, the authors have planned to concentrate the issues on resource failure and also SLA violation rate with respect to number of resources will be decreased.

High-Speed Serial Data Transmission Error Control Based on Fuzzy Classification

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081
Author(s):  
Zhimin Zhang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Error Control ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Serial Data

At present, the error control method for high-speed serial data transmission obtains the errors by comparison and then controls them. If the data transmission channel is not denoised, the packet loss and error codes become serious, and energy consumption increases. The use of fuzzy classification is proposed to control data transmission errors. The method uses the combination of wavelet transform and transform domain difference to double denoise the channel, and it completes the clustering of data transmission errors by fuzzy classification. Considering packet loss, error codes, and energy consumption in data transmission error control, when the communication distance between two nodes is small, automatic repeat request is used to control data transmission errors. As the distance between nodes increases, forward error correction is used to control data transmission errors. When the communication distance gradually increases, data transmission errors are controlled by hybrid automatic repeat request. Experiments showed that the proposed method can reduce the data transmission error, control energy consumption, packet loss rate, and bit error rate, and enhance the denoising effect.

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