scholarly journals Costus afer Protects Cardio-, Hepato-, and Reno-Antioxidant Status in Streptozotocin-Intoxicated Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armelle D. Tchamgoue ◽  
Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha ◽  
Nole Tsabang ◽  
Protus A. Tarkang ◽  
Jules-Roger Kuiate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Costus Afer

Medicinal plants are efficient modulators of oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the cardio-, reno-, and hepato-antioxidant status of hydroethanolic extract of Costus afer on streptozotocin-intoxicated diabetic rats. Experimental animals were daily administered with hydroethanolic extract of C. afer by oral intubation for eight weeks (60 days), after which the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) were evaluated in the heart, liver, and kidney homogenates. Plasma biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, creatinine, and urea were determined. Meanwhile, parts of the heart, kidneys, and liver were histopathologically examined. Streptozotocin administration induced toxicity in the cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues by stimulating significant increases (p<0.05) in the levels of CAT and SOD, GSH, and MDA. Similarly, significant increases (P<0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST, urea, and total protein were observed in streptozotocin treated rats, whereas decreases were observed in the levels of ALP, LDH, and creatinine. Following the treatments with C. afer hydroethanolic extract prevented the effect of streptozotocin by maintaining the tissue antioxidant status (CAT, SOD, GSH, and MDA) and the plasma biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, creatinine, and urea) towards the normal ranges. The histopathological examination revealed hepatovascular congestion and leucocyte infiltration as well as renovascular congestion, glomerulosclerosis, and tubular clarification in the untreated diabetic control and their absence in the group of animals treated with a high dose of C. afer extract. The findings of the present investigation suggest that C. afer possesses antioxidant activities capable of regulating drug induced tissue damage.

Effects of Carnosine on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Hematopoietic Suppression in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Xu ◽  
Rong-Rong He ◽  
Yu-Jia Zhai ◽  
Keiichi Abe ◽  
Hiroshi Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Meat Extract ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Spontaneous Proliferation ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Administration

Cyclophosphamide is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents in treating cancers. Chemotherapy drug-induced oxidative stress produces side effects. The severity of myelosuppression increases with a high dose of cyclophosphamide. Chicken soup or chicken essence, a traditional Chinese aliment, is a popular health supplement for patients with cancers or other diseases in Asia. As a major functional component of chicken meat extract, carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine, has been shown to have strong antioxidant activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of carnosine on hematopoietic suppression in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. As expected, we found that cyclophosphamide administration (with a single dose of 150 mg/kg) induced a rapid (within 24 hours) and severe hematopoietic suppression in mice. We further showed that carnosine administration (100 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day for continuous seven days) could substantially improve suppressed hematopoietic functions and accelerate the recovery of leukocyte counts, bone marrow spontaneous proliferation, colony stimulating activity (CSA) in serum, and production of endogenous cytokines such as interleukin-3 (IL-3) and stem cell factor (SCF). These results indicate that carnosine has the potential to promote the recovery from hematopoietic suppression induced by cyclophosphamide. Our data suggest that carnosine holds a potential in clinical application to minimize the side effects induced by chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide and thus will substantially improve the overall anti-tumor effects of the standard chemotherapies.

scholarly journals Antiskin Cancer and Antioxidant Activities of Formulated Agar from Brown Seaweed Laminaria digitata (Hudson) in Dimethyl Benzanthracene-Induced Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jeneesha George ◽  
A. Thabitha ◽  
N. Vignesh ◽  
V. Manigandan ◽  
R. Saravanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Group 2

This study explores the antiskin cancer effect of formulated agar (FA) from Laminaria digitata on dimethyl benzanthracene- (DMBA-) induced skin cancer mice. The agar was extracted and formulated (emulgel), and FA was biochemically characterized. The in vitro cytotoxicity of FA was tested using NTT 3T3 mice fibroblast cells. The mice were divided into 5 groups: group 1 served as control mice, group 2 mice were considered as DMBA-induced cancer control, group 3 mice were FA pretreated (low dose) + DMBA-induced mice, group 4 mice were FA pretreated (high dose) + DMBA-induced mice, and group 5 were positive control + DMBA-induced mice. The behaviour and biochemical markers of cancer were significantly decreased in group 2 (DMBA-induced) mice, which were brought to near normalcy by FA pretreated mice (groups 3 and 4). The levels of p53 and keratin were significantly elevated in group 2 mice and these levels were decreased in 3 and 4 mice as well. The histopathological examination of DMBA-induced mice was shown degenerated cervical patches in the skin, cirrhosis in liver, oedema in the renal tissue, and swollen and damage in cardiac tissue, which were reduced for the mice applied with FA. This confirms that FA pretreatment offered potential antiskin cancer property.

Evaluation of gatifloxacin for its potential to induce antioxidant imbalance and retinopathy in rabbits

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Kumbhar ◽  
AM Khan ◽  
S Rampal
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Gatifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been reported to produce several adverse reactions. In the present investigation, gatifloxacin administered at the dose rate of 10 and 20 mg kg−1body weight per day, respectively, for 21 consecutive days, was evaluated for its potential to induce antioxidant status alterations and retinal damage in rabbits. A significant alteration in the antioxidant status of rabbits particularly in the high-dose group was observed which is indicated by decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and levels of blood glutathione with a concomitant increase in the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase enzymes. The activity of glutathione reductase differed nonsignificantly between groups throughout the study period. The levels of malondialdehyde were elevated in the high-dose group. The histopathological examination of eyeball tunics revealed clumping of nuclei of the retinal outer nuclear layer in the gatifloxacin-treated groups. The results from this study indicate that repeated gatifloxacin administration produces a dose-dependent oxidative stress and retinopathy.

scholarly journals Lycium barbarumReduces Abdominal Fat and Improves Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Zagonel de Souza Zanchet ◽  
Geisson Marcos Nardi ◽  
Letícia de Oliveira Souza Bratti ◽  
Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro ◽  
Claudriana Locatelli
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Goji Berry

Natural antioxidants present in fruits have attracted considerable interest due to their presumed safety and potential nutritional value. Even though antioxidant activities of many fruits have been reported, the effects of phytochemicals of goji berry (GB) in patients with metabolic syndrome have not been investigated. In this study, we examined anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome after the consumption of GB. The patients were divided into two groups, control (C) and supplemented (S), and followed up for 45 days. Participants were individually instructed to carry out a healthy diet, but additionally, an inclusion of 14 g of the natural form of goji berry in the diet during 45 days for the S group was proposed. After 45 days of study, a significant reduction in transaminases as well as an improvement in lipid profile in the S group was observed. Likewise, a significant reduction in the waist circumference of the S group was observed when compared with that of the C group, and increased glutathione and catalase levels associated with a reduction of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that this is an effective dietary supplement for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Evaluation the exposure of Formalin as a Disinfectant For Poultry House on Hematological, Biochemical Parameters and Histopathological Examination in Broiler

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
M. H. AL-Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Wbc Count

This study was done to evaluate exposure to inhalation of formalin as a disinfectant for poultry house on hematological, biochemical parameters and histopathological examination in the broiler. The used (24) chicken divided into two groups, every group included (12) chicken. The first group (control) and second group exposure to formalin by inhalation for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected at end of each week for analyzed some hematological such as (PCV, Hb, RBCs, total WBC counts and differential WBC count) and biochemical parameters such as (total protein, albumin, globulin and bilirubin) at the end of each week after 1wk scarified of half number of broiler and remove organs such as (lung, heart, and liver) for histopathological examination and end of 2wk scarified the reminder number of broiler. In our study, the hematological changes revealed significant decreases in PCV, Hb, RBCs, and WBC count after 1wk and 2wk compared with the control group. The total protein, albumin, and globulin showed significant decreases while bilirubin showing significant increasing after 1wk and 2wk of treated group compared with the control group. The differential WBC count showed significant increasing into neutrophils, and monocytes after 1wk while there was significant increasing into eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils after 2wk compared with the control group. There was significantly decreasing into lymphocytes eosinophils and basophils after 1wk of treated groups but after 2wk the monocytes and lymphocytes that showed significant decreasing. The histopathological examination of lung in treated group after 1wk revealed highly changes that represent by congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhages with thickening of blood vessels walls, thickening into alveolar walls, alveoli filled with erythrocytes and fibrin, hemosiderosis, and hyperplasia of alveolar cells into treated group compared with control group, while after 2wk the changes was emphysema (destruction of alveolar walls) only. The heart revealed congestion of blood vessels after 2weeks. The liver revealed more changes that represented by congestion of central veins and necrosis in the hepatocytes, fibrosis, and hyperplasia into the portal area of the liver tissues compared with control group. Changes into liver after 2wk of treated group showed acute inflammation, congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhage and degeneration of hepatocytes with necrosis into some areas. After 1wk the heart show slightly changes includes congestion of blood vessels and slightly infiltration of inflammatory cells and hemorrhage compared with control group, but after 2wk the heart shows more infiltration of inflammatory cells with fibrosis of treated group compared with control group.

scholarly journals Methanol and diethyl stem bark extracts of Harungana madagascariensis blunt acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats through its anti-oxidant property

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Solvent Extract ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Introduction: The liver is a vital organ of vertebrates; but drug-induced liver toxicity is a common cause of liver injury. The hepatoprotective effect of H. madagascariensis against acetaminophen induced liver damage was evaluated in this study. Method: A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups of six animals per group. Group 1 received distilled water for seven days and acetaminophen was administered at 750mg/kg on day 8 and continues with distilled water till day 10. Group 2 received distilled water only throughout the study at a dose of 10mL/kg. Groups 3, 4, and 5 received Silymarin (100mg/kg), diethyl ether fraction (1000 mg/kg) and methanol extract (1200 mg/kg) of H. madagascariensis respectively for seven days and acetaminophen (750 mg/kg) on day and subsequently the respective agents for another two days. On day 11, blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. Organs were also collected for histopathological examination after animals have been sacrificed. Four fractions obtained from methanol extract were tested for antioxidant activities using tests such as DPPH FRAP. Results: There was no significance difference in the levels of biochemical parameters between the methanol and Silymarin groups such as liver enzymes, total protein, BUN, bilirubin and creatinine. While histopathology of the kidney and liver of the methanol group showed moderate lesion that of the acetaminophen showed severe lesions. The highest anti-oxidant activity was recorded by the fraction with 100% methanol. Significance: Harungana madagascariensis solvent extract possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity with methanol solvent extract having the highest hepatoprotective activity.

Drug-Induced Protoporphyria in Beagle Dogs

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia W. M Greijdanus-van der Putten ◽  
Eric van Esch ◽  
Jan Kamerman ◽  
Leo A. P. Ballering ◽  
Diels J. van den Dobbelsteen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Liver Parameters

As part of regulatory safety testing program, a 13-week oral toxicity study with a new antipsychotic drug candidate was performed in beagle dogs. During this study, dark red/brown feces were recorded in treated dogs and increases in liver parameters (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin) were measured biochemically. At the end of the study, livers of high-dose (50 mg/kg) animals were (mottled) dark brown, sometimes with pale foci. Histopathological examination of these livers showed dark globular pigment deposits in the hepatocellular cytoplasm and within the bile canaliculi. Varying numbers of inflammatory cell infiltrates were additionally present in association with the deposits. These pigment deposits showed birefringency with characteristic “Maltese Cross”-like structures under polarized light. Electronmicroscopy revealed the typical, so-called “sunburst” pattern with radiating double-lined crystalline structures. These morphologic characteristics strongly indicated at the presence of porphyrins, which was definitely confirmed biochemically. Published reports of drug-induced hepatic porphyria in dogs are rare. The possible underlying mechanism in the dog and man is discussed.

scholarly journals Biochemical properties of the plasma of rats with the experimentally induced hepatitis after oral administration of sodium diclofenac

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gryshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Sodium Diclofenac ◽  
Experimentally Induced

We conducted an analysis of the metabolic activity of the liver and defined the peculiarities of biochemical parameters and macroelement composition of blood plasma of rats with experimentally induced toxic hepatitis. Hepatopathology was modeled by oral administration of sodium diclofenac at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg of body mass to rats during 14 days. For the preparation of plasma, rat blood was collected from the abdominal aorta into test-tubes with heparin, and then it was centrifuged at 1500 rev./min for 15–20 min. Then we studied biochemical parameters of blood indicators (level of total protein, albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin, glucose, creatinine, urea, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, thymol test value, activities of ALT, AST, LP and GGT, amylase and lipase) and also its macroelement composition: concentration of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and chlorine using automatic biochemical analyzer «BioSystem A15» (Spain) according to the recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) Experts Panel. The results of the introduction in the laboratory rats of drug-induced toxic hepatitis indicate a decrease of metabolic activity of hepatocytes under this hepatopathology. The results showed a decrease in total protein by 17%, albumin by 11%, glucose by 6% , triacylglycerols by 53%, cholesterol by 54%, and an appreciable increase in thymol test value (by a factor of 2.8). Besides this, disruption of the liver pigment function, development of cytolytic syndrome and intrahepatic cholestasis were revealed in the affected animals. The increased activity of the studied blood enzymes (ALT by 28%, AST by 45%, LP by 30%, GGT by a factor of 2.1) confirmed these disruptions. The increase in AST/ALT by 12% ratio confirmed destructive changes in cell membranes, including mitochondrial membranes, caused by metabolic changes under the toxic influence of sodium diclofenac. The increased activities of α-amylase by a factor of 2.4 and lipase by a factor of 8.3 indicate complex negative changes in the organism, not only in liver structure, but also in the pancreas. The results of the study indicate hypocalcemia (decrease by 29%), hypophosphatemia (decrease by 47%) and hypomagnesaemia (decrease by 38%) and a simultaneous increase in the Ca : P ratio by 35%. The last mentioned changes can cause the development of endogenous osteopathy. The results of the study can be used in diagnostics of development of hepatopathology caused by the toxic effects of medication on the liver, for prevention of complications through the early implementation of effective correction therapy. 

scholarly journals Oxidant – antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters in pregnant and non pregnant Iraqi she camels

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Hayder A.N. AL-Zamely
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples

This study was carried out to determine the changes in oxidant – antioxidant status and some biochemical parameters in pregnant Iraqi female camels in comparison with non pregnant one. To determine this objective (30) blood samples from pregnant female camels and (30) blood samples from non pregnant female camels was taken at last state of pregnancy (number of animals are 30 in each group) , blood samples were put in the test tubes contain anticoagulant (EDTA) , after centrifugation serum samples were taken for measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) , albumin , uric acid , total protein , alkaline phosphatase and urea concentrations.The results revealed significant increase (P < 0.05) in malon dialdehyde concentration in pregnant female camels in comparison with non pregnant. Also the results were showed insignificant decrease in albumin concentration and significant increase (P <0.05) in uric acid concentration in pregnant group which may be due to its antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation during pregnancy. In related to the biochemical parameters the results were showed significant decrease (P <0.05) in the total protein of pregnant female camels which may be due to decrease in albumin concentration, while there is significant increase (P <0.05) in ALP.

Treatment Methods Conditioned by the Gravity of Drug-Induced Gingival Hyperplasias

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2618-2622
Author(s):  
Alina Mihaela Calin ◽  
Mihaela Debita ◽  
Raluca Dragomir ◽  
Ovidiu Mihail Stefanescu ◽  
Cristian Budacu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Transplant Rejection ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Gingival Hyperplasia ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Systemic Medication ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

The first drug discovered to be involved in the development of gingival hyperplasia is phenytoin, which is indicated in the treatment of epileptic patients. The other drugs are calcium channel blockers with vasodilating effect. The most important one is Nifedipine, while Ciclosporin A, which is used as an immunosuppressant in the prevention of transplant rejection, causes gingival hyperplasia as a secondary effect. Gingival hyperplasia can reach an impressive volume, completely covering the dental crown and affecting the masticatory and physiognomic functions. The elucidation of the mechanism, by which drug-induced gingival hyperplasia occurs, favoring factors and the choice of conservative or surgical treatment methods, emphasizing the prophylactic treatment. The study batch was subject to intraoral and extraoral clinical examinations and the data were included in the dental treatment sheet of each patient, 11 patients aged over 60 years, who came to the Clinic ... in the period 2014-2016. The diagnosis was based on the anamnesis, the clinical aspect of the lesions and the histopathological examination. After the surgical excision of the hyperplasia affected area, recurrence was prevented by dispensarizing the patients and controlling the bacterial plaque through rigorous oral hygiene. Treatment depends on the severity of the lesions, as well as on the physionomic and masticatory functions. Conservative etiological therapy is attempted, by removing the bacterial plaque and local irritant factors, by reducing the dose of drugs, or by changing the systemic medication.

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