scholarly journals Methanol and diethyl stem bark extracts of Harungana madagascariensis blunt acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats through its anti-oxidant property

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Solvent Extract ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Introduction: The liver is a vital organ of vertebrates; but drug-induced liver toxicity is a common cause of liver injury. The hepatoprotective effect of H. madagascariensis against acetaminophen induced liver damage was evaluated in this study. Method: A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups of six animals per group. Group 1 received distilled water for seven days and acetaminophen was administered at 750mg/kg on day 8 and continues with distilled water till day 10. Group 2 received distilled water only throughout the study at a dose of 10mL/kg. Groups 3, 4, and 5 received Silymarin (100mg/kg), diethyl ether fraction (1000 mg/kg) and methanol extract (1200 mg/kg) of H. madagascariensis respectively for seven days and acetaminophen (750 mg/kg) on day and subsequently the respective agents for another two days. On day 11, blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. Organs were also collected for histopathological examination after animals have been sacrificed. Four fractions obtained from methanol extract were tested for antioxidant activities using tests such as DPPH FRAP. Results: There was no significance difference in the levels of biochemical parameters between the methanol and Silymarin groups such as liver enzymes, total protein, BUN, bilirubin and creatinine. While histopathology of the kidney and liver of the methanol group showed moderate lesion that of the acetaminophen showed severe lesions. The highest anti-oxidant activity was recorded by the fraction with 100% methanol. Significance: Harungana madagascariensis solvent extract possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity with methanol solvent extract having the highest hepatoprotective activity.

In vivo Antioxidant and Hepato-Protective Properties of Stem Bark Methanol Extract of Vitex doniana

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Simon C. Mailafiya ◽  
Sherifat O. Kolawole ◽  
Abdulazeez K. Adeniyi ◽  
Bala A. Muhammed ◽  
Abdulfatai Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Vitex Doniana

Abstract The harmful effects that accompany the use of orthodox antioxidant medicine have necessitated the hunt for inherent antioxidants from plants extracts. In the present study, the in vivo antioxidant and hepato-protective activities of Vitex doniana against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats were investigated. The hepato-protective activities of the methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark were compared with Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. Twenty-five (25) male albino adult rats were grouped into five (5) each. Group 1 and 2 was used as the normal and negative control respectively. Group 3-5 were treated with 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark and 100 mg/kg Silymarin respectively. Results indicated that elevated levels of serum ALT, AST and ALB, and reduced serum SOD, GST and CAT in CCl4-hepatotoxic rats was an evidence of impairment in liver function. Administration of methanol extract of Vitex doniana stem bark (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and standard control drug Silymarin (100 mg/kg) have no significant (P>0.05) effect on CCl4- induced elevations of the ALT and AST levels while the reduction in albumin concentration, total proteins, SOD, GST and CAT due to CCl4 was reversed. In conclusion, Vitex doniana exhibited significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in CCL4 induced liver damage in rat, and thus could be used and incorporated in the development of new and effective antioxidant drugs.

scholarly journals Costus afer Protects Cardio-, Hepato-, and Reno-Antioxidant Status in Streptozotocin-Intoxicated Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armelle D. Tchamgoue ◽  
Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha ◽  
Nole Tsabang ◽  
Protus A. Tarkang ◽  
Jules-Roger Kuiate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Costus Afer

Medicinal plants are efficient modulators of oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the cardio-, reno-, and hepato-antioxidant status of hydroethanolic extract of Costus afer on streptozotocin-intoxicated diabetic rats. Experimental animals were daily administered with hydroethanolic extract of C. afer by oral intubation for eight weeks (60 days), after which the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) were evaluated in the heart, liver, and kidney homogenates. Plasma biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, creatinine, and urea were determined. Meanwhile, parts of the heart, kidneys, and liver were histopathologically examined. Streptozotocin administration induced toxicity in the cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues by stimulating significant increases (p<0.05) in the levels of CAT and SOD, GSH, and MDA. Similarly, significant increases (P<0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST, urea, and total protein were observed in streptozotocin treated rats, whereas decreases were observed in the levels of ALP, LDH, and creatinine. Following the treatments with C. afer hydroethanolic extract prevented the effect of streptozotocin by maintaining the tissue antioxidant status (CAT, SOD, GSH, and MDA) and the plasma biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, creatinine, and urea) towards the normal ranges. The histopathological examination revealed hepatovascular congestion and leucocyte infiltration as well as renovascular congestion, glomerulosclerosis, and tubular clarification in the untreated diabetic control and their absence in the group of animals treated with a high dose of C. afer extract. The findings of the present investigation suggest that C. afer possesses antioxidant activities capable of regulating drug induced tissue damage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Stem Bark Extract Picralima nitida for Antinociceptive Property

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
K. K. Igwe ◽  
O. V. Ikpeazu ◽  
M. I. Ezeja
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Reference Drug

Aims: To investigate the antinociceptive property of Picralima nitida stem bark methanol                 extract. Place and duration of study: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria from February to July,       2020. Methodology: The extraction was done by cold maceration of the pulverised P. nitida stem bark in 80% methanol for 48 hours. Acute toxicity study was done using up and down method. The antinociceptive study was carried out using tail flick and hot plate antinociceptive models. The extract was used at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg while pentazocine 3 mg/kg was used as the standard reference drug (positive group) and 5 ml/kg distilled water was used for the negative group. Results: In the tail flick test, P. nitida at the doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg with the standard drug pentazocine significantly (P = 0.05) increased the pain reaction time (PRT), increasing the PRT from 1.80 ± 0.08 sec  in the negative group (distilled water 5 ml/kg) to 2.90 ± 0.18 sec at the dose of 200 mg/kg group of mice representing 62.06% increase. Also, in the hot plate model, the PRT was increased from 2.03 ± 0.02 sec in distilled water treated group of mice to 9.58 ± 0.99 sec in the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract. Conclusion: The stem bark methanol extract of P. nitida demonstrated a good level of antinociceptive activity in the models used in this study.

scholarly journals In vivo protective effect of cinnamon aqueous extract in carbon tetrachloride-treated male albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e52826
Author(s):  
Othman Baothman ◽  
Bhaa Nagaty ◽  
Mazin Zamzami ◽  
Hasan Al-Talhi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The liver as an organ is important for the metabolism of drugs and toxins. However, it is not immune from environmental insults. Exposure of liver cells to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) results in the generation of tricholoromethyl radicals, which induce liver toxicity. This study aims at investigating the ameliorative effect of the cinnamon aqueous extract (CAE) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats through the intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 mL kg-1 body weight of CCl4. The analyses of the results obtained showed significant reduction in the levels of serum biochemical markers for 400 and 600 mg kg-1 bw of CAE protected rats as compared with CCl4 group. In addition, CAE administration reversed liver tissue damaged via increased antioxidants markers. Histopathological examination of CAE treatment on rats showed improved changes to the liver damage caused by CCl4 with no evidence of steatosis and inflammation. This result hence suggests that CAE has marked hepatoprotective and healing activities against CCl4-induced liver damage and could serve as a suitable candidate in drug discovery for the treatment of liver toxicity.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal and Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf Harvested from South-Eastern Nigeria in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Samuel O. Onoja ◽  
Ginika Q. Ihejirika ◽  
Oluchi N. Nwankudu ◽  
Yusuf N. Omeh ◽  
Maxwell I. Ezeja
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Small Intestinal Transit ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Bryophyllum pinnatum belongs to the family Crassulaceae and it is commonly used in the ethnomedical practices. This study investigated the antidiarrheal and antioxidant properties of methanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf harvested from South-Eastern Nigeria in mice. Cold maceration method in 80% methanol was adopted in the extract preparation. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant property while castor oil-induced diarrhea, small intestinal transit, and enteropooling models were used for the antidiarrheal investigation. The effects of the extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were compared to distilled water (10 ml/kg) and loperamide (5 mg/kg). The extract produced concentration dependent increase in antioxidant effect in both DPPH and FRAP assay. The extract caused a significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean stool output, percentage of wet stools, small intestinal transit, and intestinal fluid accumulation in the treated mice when compared to the distilled water treated mice. The study validates the use of Bryophyllum pinnatum in the ethnomedical management of diarrhea.

scholarly journals In vitro antioxidant activities of stem bark, leaves and callus extracts from Amoora rohituka

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Kanthesh M Basalingappa ◽  
Kavitharaj V ◽  
Avinash KO ◽  
Kumar JR ◽  
Murugesan Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant

<p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p>The present work examined the <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activity of sequentially extracted, solvent extracts (Petroleum ether, chloroform and Methanol) of stem bark, leaves and callus from <em>Amoora rohituka</em>. The antioxidative capacity of the extracts were examined by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl,2-picryl hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid) and NOS (Nitric oxide scavenging) assays by using Gallic acid as standard control. Among the tested extracts, methanol extract of stem bark showed better antioxidative capacity. The total antioxidant activity was expressed as µg equivalent of Gallic acid per gram on dry weight basis. IC<sub>50</sub> values for methanol extract of stem bark were 7.53 µg/ml; 34.92 µg/ml and 56.31 µg/ml in ABTS, DPPH and NOS assays respectively. Whereas, leaves and callus extracts showed moderate antioxidative properties. </p>

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective activity of Chamaecrista nigricans in Experimental Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ekambaram Gayathiri ◽  
Madepalli Byrappa Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Hepatoprotective Drug

An important ethnomedicinal plant Chamaecrista nigricans (Vahl) Greene, widely used for antipyretic, appetite, family planning, fevers, sore throat, wounds and various gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhoea and peptic ulcer. In the present study, acute toxicity and hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract alone were carried out in experimental animals approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. In acute toxicity studies, there was no mortality in animals when the extracts tested as per OECD guidelines. Regarding hepatoprotective activity, methanol leaf extract significantly reduced the increased level of serum marker enzymes such as ACP, ALP, ALT, AST and Total bilirubin. The protective effect of the methanol extract was also confirmed by histopathological examination which supports that the methanol leaf extract repaired the liver damage caused by CCl4. Thus the present study provides scientific evidence to the extracts of their hepatoprotective potential against liver damage and offers lead for further research in drug development. Keywords: Ethnomedicine; Chamaecrista Nigricans; Acute Toxicity; Hepatoprotective; Drug Development

scholarly journals Investigation on Potential Efficacy of Methanol Extract of Lawsonia inermis L. against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jayavelu ◽  
A. Natarajan ◽  
R. Thangamani ◽  
Senthil Kumar B.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) a pharmacological tool was used to induce liver damage in Wistar albino rats. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) and methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn. family Lythraceae (known to possess hepatoprotective compounds) was used to reverse the liver damage caused due to CCl4 (induced toxicity). Hydroalcholic extract of stem bark and leaf of Lawsonia inermis Linn. was evaluated, for its restorative efficacy against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity which was assessed in terms of biochemical and histopathological parameters. CCl4 produce the altitude levels of serum marker enzymes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST), alanine phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin in blood serum. Due to the toxicity of CCl4 cause turbine hepatic cell architecture, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, and sinusoidal dilatation along with reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) appeared in liver tissue. SOD is the primary step in the defense mechanism involved in the antioxidant system against the oxidative stress. It diminishes by converting the superoxide radical in to peroxide and molecular oxygen. CAT or GPx reactions, also exert a similar effect thereby reducing the level of cellular damage. By oral administration of methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn. plant extracts, i.e., stem bark extract (250 mg/kg b.wt.) and leaf extract (250 mg/kg b. wt.) the levels of these parameters was restored to near controlled (untreated) levels. Thus, the present study revealed that the extracts of stem bark and leaf of Lawsonia inermis Linn. offered protection against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4.

scholarly journals In-vivo Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activities of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm.f. Against Anti-Tubercular Drugs Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
M. R. Vinayakamurthi ◽  
J. Anbu Jeba Sunilson ◽  
A. V. Anita Gnana Kumari ◽  
U. Aathilakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Drug Induced

Aim: To evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm.f. against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration: Research lab, Department of Siddha Medicine, Tamil University, Thanjavur, India, between March 2018 and November 2019. Methodology: Liver toxicity was induced by antitubercular drugs (Isoniazid; INH+Rifampicin; RIF) at a dose level of 50+100 mg/kg each, p.o for 15 days. Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol, Aqueous extracts of Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Burm.f. (S. amaranthoides) (200 and 400 mg/kg bt.wt.) were administered orally once daily for 15 days. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and LDH. The antioxidant activities such as the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and the level of lipidperoxidation as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBA-RS) were measured in liver homogenates and histological examinations were carried out to assess hepatoprotective activity. For Statistical analysis, the values were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey multiple compare test. Results were considered statistically significant when P<0.05. Results: The treatment with methanolic extract (400 mg/kg bt.wt.) of S. amaranthoides significantly prevented drug-induced increase in serum levels of liver enzymes (P<0.001). The antioxidant activity of a dose of 400 mg/kg of S. amaranthoides significantly prevented the decreases in the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (CAT & SOD) (P<0.01 and P<0.001) and inhibited the elevation of lipid peroxidation (TBA-RS) in the liver homogenate. Histopathology of liver tissue showed that S. amaranthoides attenuated the hepatocellular necrosis, regeneration and repair of cells toward normal. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of S. amaranthoides showed significant hepatoprotectivity and antioxidant activity against INH + RIF Anti TB drugs.

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