scholarly journals The Influence of Backpack Weight and Hip Belt Tension on Movement and Loading in the Pelvis and Lower Limbs during Walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Katja Oberhofer ◽  
Patrick D. Wettenschwiler ◽  
Navrag Singh ◽  
Stephen J. Ferguson ◽  
Simon Annaheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Backpack Weight

The introduction of hip belts to backpacks has caused a shift of loading from the spine to the hips with reported improvements in musculoskeletal comfort. Yet the effects of different hip belt tensions on gait biomechanics remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of backpack weight and hip belt tension on gait biomechanics. Data from optical motion capture and ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking were acquired in nine healthy male subjects (age 28.0 ± 3.9 years). Six configurations of a commercial backpack were analyzed, that is, 15 kg, 20 kg, and 25 kg loading with 30 N and 120 N hip belt tension. Joint ranges of motion (ROM), peak GRF, and joint moments during gait were analyzed for significant differences by repeated measures of ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparison. Increased loading led to a significant reduction of knee flexion-extension ROM as well as pelvis rotational ROM. No statistically significant effect of hip belt tension magnitudes on gait dynamics was found at any backpack weight, yet there was a trend of increased pelvis ROM in the transverse plane with higher hip belt tension at 25 kg loading. Further research is needed to elucidate the optimum hip belt tension magnitudes for different loading weights to reduce the risks of injury especially with higher loading.

Validation of a Wireless Sensor System for the Estimation of Cumulative Lumbar Loads in Occupational Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-494
Author(s):  
Ivan Nail-Ulloa ◽  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Rong Huangfu ◽  
Dania Bani-Hani ◽  
Nathan Pool
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Manual Lifting ◽  
Moment Estimates ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Laboratory Models

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 3D L5/S1 moment estimates from a wearable inertial motioncapture system during manual lifting tasks. Reference L5/S1 moments were calculated using inversedynamics bottom-up and top-down laboratory models, based on the data from a measurement systemcomprising optical motion capture and force plates. Nine groups of four subjects performed tasks consistingof lifting and lowering 10 lbs. load with three different heights and asymmetry angles. As a measure ofsystem performance, the root means square errors and absolute peak errors between models werecompared. Also, repeated measures analyses of variance were calculated comparing the means and theabsolute peaks of the estimated moments. The results suggest that most of the estimates obtained from thewireless sensor system are in close correspondence when comparing the means, and more variability isobserved when comparing peak values to other models calculating estimates of L5/S1 moments.

scholarly journals The Effect of Kinesiotape on Flexion-Extension of the Thoracolumbar Back in Horses at Trot

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Cajsa Ericson ◽  
Pernilla Stenfeldt ◽  
Aagje Hardeman ◽  
Inger Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

Kinesiotape theoretically stimulates mechanoreceptive and proprioceptive sensory pathways that in turn may modulate the neuromuscular activity and locomotor function, so alteration of activation, locomotion and/or range of motion (ROM) can be achieved. The aim of this study was to determine whether kinesiotape applied to the abdominal muscles would affect the ROM in flexion-extension (sagittal plane) in the thoracolumbar back of horses at trot. The study design was a paired experimental study, with convenient sample. Each horse was randomly placed in the control or the intervention group and then the order reversed. Eight horses trotted at their own preferred speed in hand on a straight line, 2 × 30 m. Optical motion capture was used to collect kinematic data. Paired t-tests, normality tests and 1-Sample Wilcoxon test were used to assess the effects of the kinesiotape. No statistical significance (p < 0.05) for changes in flexion-extension of the thoracolumbar back in trot was shown in this group of horses. Some changes were shown indicating individual movement strategies in response to stimuli from the kinesiotape. More research in this popular and clinically used method is needed to fully understand the reacting mechanisms in horses.

scholarly journals Comparison of modelling and tracking methods for analysing elbow and forearm kinematics

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Dongmei Wang ◽  
Mariska Wesseling ◽  
Bin Xue ◽  
Feiyue Li
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

This study aimed to find an optimal measurement protocol of elbow and forearm kinematics using different modelling and tracking methods. Kinematic data of elbow flexion/extension and forearm pronation/supination was acquired using optical motion capture from 12 healthy male volunteers. Segment coordinate systems for humerus, forearm, radius, ulna, and hand were defined. Different tracking methods, using anatomical markers or rigid or point maker clusters, were used to compute the three-dimensional rotations. Marker placement errors were assessed to evaluate the rigid body assumption. Multiple comparisons demonstrated statistical differences between tracking methods: compared to using only anatomical markers, tracking using clusters reduced the estimated range of pronation/supination by 14.9%–43.2%, while it estimated increased flexion/extension by 5.3%–9.1%. The study suggests using only anatomical markers exerts the optimal estimation of elbow and forearm kinematics. Modelling using the coordinate systems of the humerus and forearm and of the humerus and ulna, respectively, demonstrated good consistency with literature and are correspondingly regarded as the most appropriate approach for measuring pronation/supination and flexion/extension. The results are valuable in establishing a measurement protocol for analysing elbow and forearm kinematics, avoiding confusions and misinterpretations in communicating results from different methodologies.

scholarly journals Accuracy of a Low-Cost 3D-Printed Wearable Goniometer for Measuring Wrist Motion

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4799
Author(s):  
Calvin Young ◽  
Sarah DeDecker ◽  
Drew Anderson ◽  
Michele L. Oliver ◽  
Karen D. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

Wrist motion provides an important metric for disease monitoring and occupational risk assessment. The collection of wrist kinematics in occupational or other real-world environments could augment traditional observational or video-analysis based assessment. We have developed a low-cost 3D printed wearable device, capable of being produced on consumer grade desktop 3D printers. Here we present a preliminary validation of the device against a gold standard optical motion capture system. Data were collected from 10 participants performing a static angle matching task while seated at a desk. The wearable device output was significantly correlated with the optical motion capture system yielding a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.991 and 0.972 for flexion/extension (FE) and radial/ulnar deviation (RUD) respectively (p < 0.0001). Error was similarly low with a root mean squared error of 4.9° (FE) and 3.9° (RUD). Agreement between the two systems was quantified using Bland–Altman analysis, with bias and 95% limits of agreement of 3.1° ± 7.4° and −0.16° ± 7.7° for FE and RUD, respectively. These results compare favourably with current methods for occupational assessment, suggesting strong potential for field implementation.

scholarly journals Efeito agudo do exercício cardiorrespiratório sobre o desempenho da força em membros inferiores

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Jesus ◽  
Danielli Braga Mello ◽  
Antonio Alias ◽  
Jéssica Ribeiro ◽  
Karen Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Negative Interference ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Post Hoc

Introdução: Devido às importantes adaptações fisiológicas oriundas de sua prática, o exercício cardiorrespiratório (EC) e o exercício de força (EF) são recomendados. Entretanto, a literatura reporta possível interferência negativa do EC sobre a realização do EF aplicado subsequentemente.Objetivo: Analisar o efeito do EC sobre desempenho da força em membros inferiores.Métodos: Dez indivíduos (20,8 ± 2,78 anos; IMC 25,04 ± 1,68) foram submetidos a avaliações antropométricas e teste de 1 repetição máxima (1RM) no Leg Press 45°. No primeiro momento da intervenção (M1) realizou-se o EC (30’ divididos em 5’ de aquecimento a 50 % da FCres, 20’ de fase específica a 70% FCres e 5’ de desaquecimento a 50% da FCres). Após, foram realizadas 3 séries de repetições máximas com intensidade de 85% de 1 RM e intervalo de 2’ entre as séries. No segundo momento (M2), os indivíduos realizaram os mesmos procedimentos descritos anteriormente. Entretanto, nesta fase, houve apenas aquecimento de 5’ a 50 % da FCres precedendo o EF. O número total de repetições realizadas em cada série foi contabilizado em M1 e M2. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Para a análise inferencial utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk, a ANOVA para medidas repetidas, e o post-hoc de Tukey com significância de p<0,05.Resultados: Não houve diferença (p=0,35) entre o número de repetições realizados após a análise intragrupos. Quanto à análise intergrupos, observou-se redução significativa (p=0,01) na variável dependente.Conclusão: O EC exerceu interferência negativa sobre o desempenho da força de membros inferiores.Acute effect of cardiorespiratory exercise on lower limbs strength performanceIntroduction: Due to important physiological adaptations, cardiorespiratory exercise (CE) and strength exercise (SE) are recommended. However, literature reports the possibility of negative interference of CE on subsequent SE. Aim: to analyze the effect of CE on lower limbs strength performance.Objective: To analyze the effect of CE on lower limbs strength performanceMethods: ten subjects (20,8 ± 2,78 years old, BMI 25,04 ± 1,68) were undergone to anthropometric evaluations and 1 maximum repetition test (1RM) at leg press 45° exercise. At the first moment of the intervention (M1) the CE (30’ divided in 5’ of warm up at 50% of HRres; 20’ of specific phase at 70% of HRres; and 5’ of cool down at 50% of HRres) was held. After that, 3 sets of repetitions until exhaustion at intensity of 85% of 1RM and rest interval of 2’ between sets were done. At the second moment (M2), the participants did the same procedures described above. However, in this phase, there was just a warm up of 5’ at 50% HRres before the (SE). The total number of repetitions was recorded in each set of both M1 and M2. Descriptive statistics was held. For inferential analysis were used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, factorial ANOVA for repeated measures, and Tukey post-hoc test. Significance level was p<0.05.Results: There was no difference (p=0.35) on the number of repetitions after within groups analysis. As for the between group analysis, a significant decrease (p=0.01) on dependent variable was observed.Conclusion: CE exerted negative interference on lower limbs strength performance.

scholarly journals Validation of an IMU Suit for Military-Based Tasks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Mavor ◽  
Gwyneth B. Ross ◽  
Allison L. Clouthier ◽  
Thomas Karakolis ◽  
Ryan B. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Optical Markers ◽  
Full Body

Investigating the effects of load carriage on military soldiers using optical motion capture is challenging. However, inertial measurement units (IMUs) provide a promising alternative. Our purpose was to compare optical motion capture with an Xsens IMU system in terms of movement reconstruction using principal component analysis (PCA) using correlation coefficients and joint kinematics using root mean squared error (RMSE). Eighteen civilians performed military-type movements while their motion was recorded using both optical and IMU-based systems. Tasks included walking, running, and transitioning between running, kneeling, and prone positions. PCA was applied to both the optical and virtual IMU markers, and the correlations between the principal component (PC) scores were assessed. Full-body joint angles were calculated and compared using RMSE between optical markers, IMU data, and virtual markers generated from IMU data with and without coordinate system alignment. There was good agreement in movement reconstruction using PCA; the average correlation coefficient was 0.81 ± 0.14. RMSE values between the optical markers and IMU data for flexion-extension were less than 9°, and 15° for the lower and upper limbs, respectively, across all tasks. The underlying biomechanical model and associated coordinate systems appear to influence RMSE values the most. The IMU system appears appropriate for capturing and reconstructing full-body motion variability for military-based movements.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and Perceived Effort in Different Head‐Out Water Exercises: Effect of Limbs’ Action and Resistance Equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Mário J. Costa ◽  
Lúcia Cruz ◽  
Ana Simão ◽  
Tiago M. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Double Product ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Water Exercises

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular and perceived effort of head‐out water exercises selecting different limb strategies and using resistance equipment. Ten young women were randomly assigned to perform at 132 bpm during five minutes different head‐out aquatic exercises: (i) horizontal arms abduction (Ab); (ii) horizontal arms abduction with dumbbells (AbD); (iii) frontal kick (Fk); (iv) frontal kick with leggings (FkLeg), and; (v) aquatic skiing (Ski). Cardiovascular effort was measured by monitoring the heart rate, blood pressure and double product. Perceived effort was assessed by the Borg’s scale. Within‐routines comparison was computed using repeated‐ measures ANOVA followed‐up by the Bonferroni post‐hoc test. Considering the percentage of the maximal heart rate, participants reached 72.88 ± 12.90% in the FkLeg, 65.99 ± 10.91% in the Fk, 62.62 ± 7.20% in Ski, 57.27 ± 11.58% in AbD and 57.12 ± 12.09% in Ab. Comparing exercises, higher heart rates were observed in the FkLeg (140.40 bpm) than Ab (110.30 bpm) or AbD (110.00 bpm). Significant differences were found in the systolic blood pressure when compared to the Fk (120.60 mmHg) and Ab (104.50 mmHg). Double product was higher in the FkLeg (16990) showing a meaningful difference when compared to Ab (11608) or AbD (12001). The highest perceived effort was found in the FkLeg (15.80) with meaningful variations compared to Ab (11.70), the Fk (13.70) and Ski (10.40). Thus, different head‐ out water exercises result in different intensities. The actions by lower limbs promote a higher cardiovascular response, whereas the upper limbs actions trigger a lower exertion. Moreover, exercising the four limbs concurrently seems to be less intense than using only two limbs with an aid.

Effects of Camera Switching on Fine Accuracy in a Motion Capture System

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Kuxhaus ◽  
Patrick J. Schimoler ◽  
Jeffrey S. Vipperman ◽  
Mark Carl Miller
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Radial Head ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Optical Motion Capture

When using optical motion capture systems, increasing the number of cameras improves the visibility. However, the software used to deal with the information fusion from multiple cameras may compromise the accuracy of the system due to camera dropout, which can vary with time. In cadaver studies of radial head motion, increasing the number of cameras used by the motion capture system seemed to decrease the accuracy of the measurements. This study investigates the cause. The hypothesis was that errors in position can be induced when markers are obscured from and then restored to a camera’s viewable range, as can happen in biomechanical studies. Accuracy studies quantified the capabilities of the motion capture system with precision translation and rotation movements. To illustrate the effect that abrupt perceived changes in a marker’s position can have on the calculation of radial head travel, simulated motion experiments were performed. In these studies, random noise was added to simulated data, which obscured the resultant path of motion. Finally, camera-blocking experiments were performed in which precise movements were measured with a six-camera Vicon system and the errors between the actual and perceived motion were computed. During measurement, cameras were selectively blocked and restored to view. The maximum errors in translation and rotation were 3.7 mm and 0.837 deg, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVAs) (α=0.05) confirmed that the camera-blocking influenced the results. Taken together, these results indicate that camera-switching can affect the observation of fine movements using a motion analysis system with a large number of cameras. One solution is to offer opportunity for user interaction in the software to choose the cameras used for each instant of time.

scholarly journals Clinical measurement of the dart throwing motion of the wrist: variability, accuracy and correction

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Vardakastani ◽  
Hannah Bell ◽  
Sarah Mee ◽  
Gavin Brigstocke ◽  
Angela E. Kedgley
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Optical Motion Tracking ◽  
Goniometric Measurements ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Throwing Motion

Despite being functionally important, the dart throwing motion is difficult to assess accurately through goniometry. The objectives of this study were to describe a method for reliably quantifying the dart throwing motion using goniometric measurements within a healthy population. Wrist kinematics of 24 healthy participants were assessed using goniometry and optical motion tracking. Three wrist angles were measured at the starting and ending points of the motion: flexion–extension, radial–ulnar deviation and dart throwing motion angle. The orientation of the dart throwing motion plane relative to the flexion–extension axis ranged between 28° and 57° among the tested population. Plane orientations derived from optical motion capture differed from those calculated through goniometry by 25°. An equation to correct the estimation of the plane from goniometry measurements was derived. This was applied and differences in the orientation of the plane were reduced to non-significant levels, enabling the dart throwing motion to be measured using goniometry alone.

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