scholarly journals Efeito agudo do exercício cardiorrespiratório sobre o desempenho da força em membros inferiores

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Jesus ◽  
Danielli Braga Mello ◽  
Antonio Alias ◽  
Jéssica Ribeiro ◽  
Karen Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Negative Interference ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Post Hoc

Introdução: Devido às importantes adaptações fisiológicas oriundas de sua prática, o exercício cardiorrespiratório (EC) e o exercício de força (EF) são recomendados. Entretanto, a literatura reporta possível interferência negativa do EC sobre a realização do EF aplicado subsequentemente.Objetivo: Analisar o efeito do EC sobre desempenho da força em membros inferiores.Métodos: Dez indivíduos (20,8 ± 2,78 anos; IMC 25,04 ± 1,68) foram submetidos a avaliações antropométricas e teste de 1 repetição máxima (1RM) no Leg Press 45°. No primeiro momento da intervenção (M1) realizou-se o EC (30’ divididos em 5’ de aquecimento a 50 % da FCres, 20’ de fase específica a 70% FCres e 5’ de desaquecimento a 50% da FCres). Após, foram realizadas 3 séries de repetições máximas com intensidade de 85% de 1 RM e intervalo de 2’ entre as séries. No segundo momento (M2), os indivíduos realizaram os mesmos procedimentos descritos anteriormente. Entretanto, nesta fase, houve apenas aquecimento de 5’ a 50 % da FCres precedendo o EF. O número total de repetições realizadas em cada série foi contabilizado em M1 e M2. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Para a análise inferencial utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk, a ANOVA para medidas repetidas, e o post-hoc de Tukey com significância de p<0,05.Resultados: Não houve diferença (p=0,35) entre o número de repetições realizados após a análise intragrupos. Quanto à análise intergrupos, observou-se redução significativa (p=0,01) na variável dependente.Conclusão: O EC exerceu interferência negativa sobre o desempenho da força de membros inferiores.Acute effect of cardiorespiratory exercise on lower limbs strength performanceIntroduction: Due to important physiological adaptations, cardiorespiratory exercise (CE) and strength exercise (SE) are recommended. However, literature reports the possibility of negative interference of CE on subsequent SE. Aim: to analyze the effect of CE on lower limbs strength performance.Objective: To analyze the effect of CE on lower limbs strength performanceMethods: ten subjects (20,8 ± 2,78 years old, BMI 25,04 ± 1,68) were undergone to anthropometric evaluations and 1 maximum repetition test (1RM) at leg press 45° exercise. At the first moment of the intervention (M1) the CE (30’ divided in 5’ of warm up at 50% of HRres; 20’ of specific phase at 70% of HRres; and 5’ of cool down at 50% of HRres) was held. After that, 3 sets of repetitions until exhaustion at intensity of 85% of 1RM and rest interval of 2’ between sets were done. At the second moment (M2), the participants did the same procedures described above. However, in this phase, there was just a warm up of 5’ at 50% HRres before the (SE). The total number of repetitions was recorded in each set of both M1 and M2. Descriptive statistics was held. For inferential analysis were used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, factorial ANOVA for repeated measures, and Tukey post-hoc test. Significance level was p<0.05.Results: There was no difference (p=0.35) on the number of repetitions after within groups analysis. As for the between group analysis, a significant decrease (p=0.01) on dependent variable was observed.Conclusion: CE exerted negative interference on lower limbs strength performance.

Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophanis Siatras ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Dimitra Mameletzi ◽  
Vasilios Gerodimos ◽  
Spiros Kellis
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Stretching Effect ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effect of Face-To-Face Education and E-learning on the Physical Activity of the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Shahab Papi ◽  
◽  
Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz ◽  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Regular physical activity is very effective in preventing or delaying chronic diseases and premature death in the elderly. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of face-to-face education and e-learning methods on the physical activity of the elderly. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in Karaj, Iran in 2018. The participants were 88 elderly people referred to a senior rehab center and then were assigned into three groups of face-to-face education (n=30), e-learning (n=28), and control (n=30).The study data were collected by a demographic form and the 41-item community healthy activities program for seniors questionnaire (CHAMPS) before the intervention, 1 month after the intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Face-to-face education and e-learning were presented to the two educational groups’ during eight 20-minute sessions. The obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, the Chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA. The significance level was set at0.05. Results: Between the two educational groups, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of physical activity at three measurement phases (P = 0.001).The effect size was 0.61 for face-to-face education and 0.64 for e-learning. Based on the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test, there was no significant difference between e-learning and face-to-face education groups. Conclusion: Both face-to-face and e-learning methods were effective in promoting the physical activity behavior of the elderly. E-learning method can be used as one of the complementary methods of traditional education for improving the physical activity of the elderly.

PNF Training and Physical Function in Assisted-Living Older Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Austrin Klein ◽  
William J. Stone ◽  
Wayne T. Phillips ◽  
Jaime Gangi ◽  
Sarah Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hip Extension

The impact of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on physical function in assisted-living older adults (73-94 years old) was studied. A 5-week pretraining period consisting of weekly visits by trainers to participants preceded a 10-week training period of warm-up, PNF exercises, and cool-down. Training progressed from 1 set of 3 repetitions to 3 sets of 3 repetitions. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T1), postpretraining (T2), and posttraining (T3). Eleven of 14 volunteer participants completed the study. Physical function was assessed by range of motion (ROM), isometric strength, and balance and mobility measures. Repeated-measures ANOVA identified 6 measures (sit-to-stand, shoulder- and ankle-flexion ROM, and hip-extension, ankle-flexion, and ankle-extension strength) with statistically significant differences. With the exception of hip-extension strength, these measures were statistically significant from T2 to T3 in post hoc univariate tests. Results indicate that PNF flexibility training can improve ROM, isometric strength, and selected physical-function tasks in assisted-living older adults.

scholarly journals Efectos agudos de distintas estrategias de calentamiento sobre el rendimiento físico y las habilidades motrices en escolares (Acute effects of different warm-up strategies on physical performance and motor skills in schoolchildren)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez ◽  
Alexander Schweppe-Villa ◽  
Aarón Parra-Gatica ◽  
Falú Cid-Rojas ◽  
Gustavo Pavez-Adasme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

  El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar los efectos de distintos tipos de calentamientos aplicados en escolares sobre la calidad de movimiento de las habilidades motrices y el rendimiento de salto y carrera. La metodología utilizada fue a partir de un diseño estudio cruzado aleatorizado (n=27 escolares), que incluyó tres condiciones experimentales para valorar el efecto agudo de distintos tipos de calentamiento (tradicional, basado en juegos adaptados reducidos y FIFA 11+) sobre el salto vertical, sprint en 20 metros y habilidades motoras de locomoción y control de objetos en niños y niñas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y comparativa a través de ANOVA de medidas repetidas y Friedman con sus pruebas post-hoc según corresponda. Los resultados muestran que todos los tipos de calentamiento mostraron diferencias significativas en sprint, salto vertical y habilidades motoras, respecto al a la condición control sin calentamiento. El calentamiento basado en juegos adaptados reducidos presentó efectos superiores que las otras modalidades en las habilidades motoras de locomoción (p< .05). Las comparaciones entre calentamientos mostraron que la intervención basada en FIFA 11+ mostró ser más eficaz en reducir el tiempo de sprint en 20 metros y aumentar la altura del salto vertical (p< .05). En conclusión, este estudio sugiere que, la selección de una estrategia adecuada basada en una diversidad de experiencias motrices como las ofrecidas por los protocolos de calentamiento FIFA11+ y de juegos adaptados reducidos podría ser clave para mejorar el rendimiento motor y la magnitud de los beneficios asociados al calentamiento.  Abstract: The objective of this research is to assess the effects of different types of warm-ups applied in schoolchildren on the quality of movement of motor skills and jumping and sprint performance. The methodology used was based on a randomized crossover study design (n = 27 schoolchildren), which included three experimental conditions to assess the acute effect of different types of warm-up (traditional, based on reduced adapted games and FIFA 11+) on the vertical jump, sprint in 20 meters and motor skills of locomotion and control of objects in children. Descriptive and comparative statistics were used through repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman with its post-hoc tests as appropriate. The results show that all types of warm-up showed significant differences in sprint, vertical jump and motor skills, compared to the control condition without warm-up. The warm-up based on reduced adapted games presented greater effects than the other modalities on the motor skills of locomotion (p <.05). Comparisons between warm-ups showed that the intervention based on FIFA 11+ was shown to be more effective in reducing sprint time by 20 meters and increasing vertical jump height (p <.05).  In conclusion, this study suggests that the selection of an appropriate strategy based on a diversity of motor experiences such as those offered by the FIFA11 + warm-up protocols and reduced adapted games could be key to improving motor performance and the magnitude of the benefits associated with warm-up.

Cognitions, Mediating Variables, and Strength Performance

1984 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Wilkes ◽  
Jeffery J. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Preparation Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Mental Preparation ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Cognitive States

The effectiveness of five types of cognitive preparation on strength performance was examined in a 2 X 5 (Pre- and Posttest × Mental Preparation Condition) design, with repeated measures on pre-posttest. The mental preparation conditions were: arousal, attention, imagery, self-efficacy, and a control read condition. Immediately following the posttest trials, subjects completed a questionnaire measuring various cognitive states. The results showed that preparatory arousal and self-efficacy techniques produced significantly greater posttest strength performance than the control group. Analysis of the postexperimental questionnaire data suggested that a general effect of the preparation strategies used was to focus attention on the task to be performed. It was concluded that the effectiveness of a particular cognitive strategy may depend on the nature of the task to be performed and the particular aspects of the task to which attention is directed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Backpack Weight and Hip Belt Tension on Movement and Loading in the Pelvis and Lower Limbs during Walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Katja Oberhofer ◽  
Patrick D. Wettenschwiler ◽  
Navrag Singh ◽  
Stephen J. Ferguson ◽  
Simon Annaheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Backpack Weight

The introduction of hip belts to backpacks has caused a shift of loading from the spine to the hips with reported improvements in musculoskeletal comfort. Yet the effects of different hip belt tensions on gait biomechanics remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of backpack weight and hip belt tension on gait biomechanics. Data from optical motion capture and ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking were acquired in nine healthy male subjects (age 28.0 ± 3.9 years). Six configurations of a commercial backpack were analyzed, that is, 15 kg, 20 kg, and 25 kg loading with 30 N and 120 N hip belt tension. Joint ranges of motion (ROM), peak GRF, and joint moments during gait were analyzed for significant differences by repeated measures of ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparison. Increased loading led to a significant reduction of knee flexion-extension ROM as well as pelvis rotational ROM. No statistically significant effect of hip belt tension magnitudes on gait dynamics was found at any backpack weight, yet there was a trend of increased pelvis ROM in the transverse plane with higher hip belt tension at 25 kg loading. Further research is needed to elucidate the optimum hip belt tension magnitudes for different loading weights to reduce the risks of injury especially with higher loading.

Influence of Feet Position and Execution Velocity on Muscle Activation and Kinematic Parameters During the Inclined Leg Press Exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110163
Author(s):  
Isabel Martín-Fuentes ◽  
José M. Oliva-Lozano ◽  
José M. Muyor
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Leg Press

Background: The leg press is one of the most typical exercises for strengthening the lower limbs. The objectives of this study were to compare 5 inclined leg press exercise conditions, varying the feet width stance (100% or 150% hip width), the feet rotation (0° or 45° external rotation) on the footplate and using 2 different movement velocities (MVs; maximum intended, and 2:2 seconds steady-paced velocities) to determine their effect on muscle activation as well as on the kinematic parameters between trained men and trained women. Hypotheses: There will be no significant differences in muscle activation with regard to the feet position. The higher the MV, the greater the muscle activation. Study Design: A cross-sectional cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A repeated-measures between-group design was performed to examine muscle activation and kinematic parameters for the different conditions between gender groups. The level of significance was set at alpha = 0.05 for all statistical analyses. Results: Muscle activation presented no differences between conditions regarding feet width stance or feet rotation. Furthermore, muscle activation was greater during positive phases than negative phases of the exercise for all conditions and was also greater under maximum intended velocity conditions compared with steady-paced conditions. Otherwise, the muscle activation pattern presented slight differences by gender. In men, the greatest muscle activation was for the vastus medialis, followed by the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and gluteus medialis (GMED), while in women, the greatest muscle activation was for the vastus medialis, followed by the RF, VL, and GMED. Finally, greater mean propulsive velocity, maximum velocity, maximum power, and footplate displacement values were reported for men than for women under all the conditions. Conclusion: The inclined leg press exercise produces the highest muscle activation in the vastus medialis, regardless of the velocity, feet stance, or gender. Clinical Relevance: Given that there are no differences in muscle activation regarding the feet stance, a participant’s preferred feet stance should be encouraged during the inclined leg press exercise. Furthermore, the MV would preferably depend on the session objective (a training or a rehabilitation program), being aware that there is greater muscle activation at higher speeds. The inclined leg press exercise could be performed as a closed kinetic chain exercise when the main objective is to activate the vastus medialis.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and Perceived Effort in Different Head‐Out Water Exercises: Effect of Limbs’ Action and Resistance Equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Mário J. Costa ◽  
Lúcia Cruz ◽  
Ana Simão ◽  
Tiago M. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Double Product ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Water Exercises

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular and perceived effort of head‐out water exercises selecting different limb strategies and using resistance equipment. Ten young women were randomly assigned to perform at 132 bpm during five minutes different head‐out aquatic exercises: (i) horizontal arms abduction (Ab); (ii) horizontal arms abduction with dumbbells (AbD); (iii) frontal kick (Fk); (iv) frontal kick with leggings (FkLeg), and; (v) aquatic skiing (Ski). Cardiovascular effort was measured by monitoring the heart rate, blood pressure and double product. Perceived effort was assessed by the Borg’s scale. Within‐routines comparison was computed using repeated‐ measures ANOVA followed‐up by the Bonferroni post‐hoc test. Considering the percentage of the maximal heart rate, participants reached 72.88 ± 12.90% in the FkLeg, 65.99 ± 10.91% in the Fk, 62.62 ± 7.20% in Ski, 57.27 ± 11.58% in AbD and 57.12 ± 12.09% in Ab. Comparing exercises, higher heart rates were observed in the FkLeg (140.40 bpm) than Ab (110.30 bpm) or AbD (110.00 bpm). Significant differences were found in the systolic blood pressure when compared to the Fk (120.60 mmHg) and Ab (104.50 mmHg). Double product was higher in the FkLeg (16990) showing a meaningful difference when compared to Ab (11608) or AbD (12001). The highest perceived effort was found in the FkLeg (15.80) with meaningful variations compared to Ab (11.70), the Fk (13.70) and Ski (10.40). Thus, different head‐ out water exercises result in different intensities. The actions by lower limbs promote a higher cardiovascular response, whereas the upper limbs actions trigger a lower exertion. Moreover, exercising the four limbs concurrently seems to be less intense than using only two limbs with an aid.

scholarly journals Acute effects of different stretching and warm up protocols on some anaerobic motoric tests, flexibility and balance in junior male judokas

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Özgür Eken ◽  
Mehmet Z. Özkol ◽  
Saadet R. Varol
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strength Improvement

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate acute effects of different warm-up and stretching protocols, on 30 m. sprint, flexibility, vertical jump, strength, balance and anaerobic power performances in junior male judokas. Material and Methods: Twenty sub-elite 11-14 year old judokas who volunteered to participate in the study (age: 12,25±0,96 years; height: 1,52±0,11cm; body mass: 48,06±14,22 kg). This study consist of four different stretching and warm up protocols; without stretching (WS); static stretching (SS); dynamic warm up (DW); dynamic+static warm up (DSW). Results: The effect of the four stretching and warm up protocols were analysed by an ANOVA for repeated measures (WS x SS x DW x DSW). After stretching and warm up protocols, 30 m. sprint values are statistically significance (p<0.05). There was find statistically significant between WS and DSW, SS and DW, DW and DSW (p<0.05). There were no significant difference is found on flexibility values between four stretching and warm up protocols (p>0.05). There was only significant difference is found between WS and SS (p<0.05). Altough leg strength performance wasn’t statistically significant (p>0.05), there was found significant differences between WS and DSW, SS and DSW in favour of DSW (p<0.05). Other parameters like vertical jump, balance and back strength performance weren’t statistically significant after four stretching and warm up protocols. Conclusions: Consequently it is suggested for coaches and judokas that SS are required for developing flexibility performance and DSW can suggest for leg strength improvement.

scholarly journals Effect of Various Warm-Up Protocols on Jump Performance in College Football Players

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Pagaduan ◽  
Haris Pojskić ◽  
Edin Užičanin ◽  
Fuad Babajić
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Height ◽  
College Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of warm-up strategies on countermovement jump performance. Twenty-nine male college football players (age: 19.4 ± 1.1 years; body height: 179.0 ± 5.1 cm; body mass: 73.1 ± 8.0 kg; % body fat: 11.1 ± 2.7) from the Tuzla University underwent a control (no warm-up) and different warm-up conditions: 1. general warm-up; 2. general warm-up with dynamic stretching; 3. general warm-up, dynamic stretching and passive stretching; 4. passive static stretching; 5. passive static stretching and general warm-up; and, 6. passive static stretching, general warm-up and dynamic stretching. Countermovement jump performance was measured after each intervention or control. Results from one way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference on warm-up strategies at F (4.07, 113.86) = 69.56, p < 0.001, eta squared = 0.72. Bonferonni post hoc revealed that a general warm-up and a general warm-up with dynamic stretching posted the greatest gains among all interventions. On the other hand, no warm-up and passive static stretching displayed the least results in countermovement jump performance. In conclusion, countermovement jump performance preceded by a general warmup or a general warm-up with dynamic stretching posted superior gains in countermovement jump performance.

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