scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Memory, Peripheral BDNF, and Cortisol in Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hötting ◽  
Nadine Schickert ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Brigitte Röder ◽  
Maren Schmidt-Kassow
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Phase Retention

In animals, physical activity has been shown to induce functional and structural changes especially in the hippocampus and to improve memory, probably by upregulating the release of neurotrophic factors. In humans, results on the effect of acute exercise on memory are inconsistent so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a single bout of physical exercise on memory consolidation and the underlying neuroendocrinological mechanisms in young adults. Participants encoded a list of German-Polish vocabulary before exercising for 30 minutes with either high intensity or low intensity or before a relaxing phase. Retention of the vocabulary was assessed 20 minutes after the intervention as well as 24 hours later. Serum BDNF and salivary cortisol were measured at baseline, after learning, and after the intervention. The high-intensity exercise group showed an increase in BDNF and cortisol after exercising compared to baseline. Exercise after learning did not enhance the absolute number of recalled words. Participants of the high-intensity exercise group, however, forgot less vocabulary than the relaxing group 24 hours after learning. There was no robust relationship between memory scores and the increase in BDNF and cortisol, respectively, suggesting that further parameters have to be taken into account to explain the effects of exercise on memory in humans.

1H NMR-based metabolomics approach for exploring the effect of astaxanthin supplementation on plasma metabolites after high-intensity physical exercise

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Males

Purpose: In this study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin (ASTA) supplementation on changes in human plasma elicited by high-intensity exercise. Methods: Sixteen adult males were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 8 per group), namely the control group C (placebo for 28 d, 4 weeks) and experimental group M (supplement medium dose ASTA: 12 mg/d for 28 d, 4 weeks). At 08:00 on the 29th day, fasting blood sampling was carried out on all the participants, and the samples were tested in the laboratory for the first time. Later, the participants performed acute exercise on a pedal-powered bicycle with full strength for 30 s × 3/3 min intervals (loading a weight of 0.075 kg/kg). Blood sampling was then respectively performed immediately, 1 h after the acute exercise, and 1 d after the acute exercise. Results: (1) The metabolites of the subjects of the two groups were found to be diverse at different time points, and 34 types of metabolites were screened from the two groups. (2) The metabolites with differences between the two groups 1 h after exercise were β-hydroxybutyrate, creatine, and glycerol. The levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid and glycerol in group M were significantly lower than those in group C, while the level of creatine was significantly higher. Compared with the resting state 1 h after exercise, the metabolites in common between the two groups were leucine (Leu), valine (Val), and citric acid (CA), and their levels were significantly decreased. (3) During the period between 1 h and 1 d after exercise, the different metabolites between the two groups were methionine (Met) and glycerol. The glycerol levels of group M were significantly lower than those of group C, while the levels of Met were significantly higher. The co-metabolites of the subjects in groups C and M 1 d after exercise were creatine, glucose, and glycerol, the levels of which were all significantly increased. Conclusions: (1) One hour after exercise, the consumption of creatine, amino acids, fatty acids, and CA was found to be obvious, and ASTA intake was conducive to their recovery. (2) After high-intensity exercise, changes occurred in the body's energy metabolism that involved the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and proteins, and basic recovery was found 1 d after exercise. The findings of this study suggest that ASTA intake can accelerate metabolic recovery induced by physical exercise.

scholarly journals The effects of acute exercise intensity on episodic and false memory among young adult college students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma K. Dilley ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Episodic Memories

Background: Previous experimental work demonstrates that acute exercise may enhance episodic memory performance. However, limited research has examined the extent to which acute exercise influences false episodic memory production, and no studies, to date, have examined whether there is an intensity-specific effect of acute exercise on both true episodic and false episodic memories. Thus, the present experiment evaluated the effects of intensity-specific acute exercise on episodic memory and false episodic memory. Methods: A three-arm, parallel, between-group randomized controlled trial was employed in the University setting, with participants (N=60; Mage= 20.8 years) randomized into a moderate intensity exercise group (15-minute bout of treadmill exercise at 50% heart rate reserve), a high intensity exercise group (15-minute bout of treadmill exercise at 80% heart rate reserve), or a control group (time-matched period of sitting). True episodic and false episodic memory were both assessed using 6 word-lists from the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, including both a short-term recall and a delayed memory recognition assessment. Results: For the number of words recalled across each of the 6 lists, there was a significant main effect for list (P<0.001, η2p=0.15), marginally significant main effect for group (P=0.07, η2p=0.09), but no list by group interaction effect (P=0.44, η2p=0.03). Those in the high-intensity exercise group recalled significantly (P<0.05) more words than the control group. For the false episodic word recall, across various lists, high-intensity acute exercise was associated with a greater rate of false episodic memories. For the memory recognition task, there was no main effect for word type (P=0.46, η2p=0.01), group (P=0.4443, η2p=.03), word type by group interaction (P=0.44,η2p=0.03), recall by group interaction (P=0.4441, η2p=0.04), or word type by recall by group interaction (P=0.32, η2p=0.04). However, there was a main effect for recall (P<0.001, η2p=.54)and a word type by recall interaction (P<0.001, η2p=0.77).Conclusion: These findings suggest that acute high-intensity exercise may enhance true episodic memories, and, possibly, also increase the rate of false episodic memories. We discuss these findings in the context of how different acute exercise intensities may have unique and differential effects on underlying mechanistic processes related to true and false episodic memory.

scholarly journals Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on Executive Functions and Emotional Recognition: Analysis of Moderate to High Intensity in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haney Aguirre-Loaiza ◽  
Jaime Arenas ◽  
Ianelleen Arias ◽  
Alejandra Franco-Jímenez ◽  
Sergio Barbosa-Granados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Emotional Recognition ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

scholarly journals A Short Bout of High-intensity Exercise Alters Ipsilesional Motor Cortical Excitability Post-stroke

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Charalambos C. Charalambous ◽  
Darcy S. Reisman ◽  
Susanne M. Morton
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Motor Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Lactate Levels

AbstractBackgroundAcute exercise can increase motor cortical excitability and enhance motor learning in healthy individuals, an effect known as exercise priming. Whether it has the same effects in people with stroke is unclear.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate whether a short, clinically-feasible high-intensity exercise protocol can increase motor cortical excitability in non-exercised muscles of chronic stroke survivors.MethodsThirteen participants with chronic, unilateral stroke participated in two sessions, at least one week apart, in a crossover design. In each session, they underwent either high-intensity lower extremity exercise or quiet rest. Motor cortical excitability of the extensor carpi radialis muscles was measured bilaterally with transcranial magnetic stimulation before and immediately after either exercise or rest. Motor cortical excitability changes (post-exercise or rest measures normalized to pre-test measures) were compared between exercise vs. rest conditions.ResultsAll participants were able to reach the target high-intensity exercise level. Blood lactate levels increased significantly after exercise (p < 0.001, d = 2.85). Resting motor evoked potentials from the lesioned hemisphere increased after exercise compared to the rest condition (p = 0.046, d = 2.76), but this was not the case for the non-lesioned hemisphere (p = 0.406, d = 0.25).ConclusionsHigh-intensity exercise can increase lesioned hemisphere motor cortical excitability in a non-exercised muscle post-stroke. Our short and clinically-feasible exercise protocol shows promise as a potential priming method in stroke rehabilitation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON COGNITIVE AND MOTOR BEHAVIOR IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Meiriélly Furmann ◽  
Denise Barth Rebesco ◽  
Leandro Smouter ◽  
Andressa Panegalli Hosni ◽  
Ivo Ilvan Kerppers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging causes alterations in various executive and cognitive functions, mainly related to the incidence of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies mention physical exercise as a preventive resource for depressive symptoms. Objective: To investigate the cognitive and behavioral alterations related to AD that are capable of slowing disease progression and its complications. Methods: The sample consisted of 10 male Wistar rats, divided into 2 groups (n = 5), swimming and Alzheimer + swimming, with a 6-day intervention protocol. The elevated plus maze test was used to assess anxiety, the Morris water maze for spatial memory, the isolation box for aversive memory, and the open field test to assay motor behavior. Results: There was improvement in spatial memory in the Swimming group (169 ± 142.9 x 24.2 ± 31.3), but motor behavior deteriorated after exercise. An increase in anxious behavior (8 ± 13.03 x 67.8 ± 48.1) was observed in the animals with AD. This is a relevant characteristic of the disease, which did not improve after acute exercise. By analyzing the size effect, it was possible to observe a difference in the Alzheimer + swimming group in terms of reduced anxiety and improved motor behavior after exercise. Despite the benefits of physical exercise for AD symptoms, there is still no consensus on the type of physical exercise and length of intervention necessary to achieve a positive response as a treatment method, since studies are yet to confirm this fact in an acute or chronic manner. Conclusion: Acute physical exercise was not fully effective as a means of treating behavioral alterations related to AD, but had a mean effect on the size effect analysis of motor behavior and anxiety, specifically. Level of evidence IV; Investigation of treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Acute physical exercise improves memory consolidation in humans via BDNF and endocannabinoid signaling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Marin Bosch ◽  
Aurélien Bringard ◽  
Maria Grazia Logrieco ◽  
Estelle Lauer ◽  
Nathalie Imobersteg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
High Exercise Intensity ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRegular physical exercise enhances memory functions and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, an effect partially mediated by BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor). Acute exercise promotes the release of endocannabinoids (especially anandamide, AEA), which enhance BDNF release and improve hippocampal plasticity in rodents. How acute exercise affects BDNF and AEA levels and influences memory performance in humans remains to date unknown. Here we combined blood biomarkers, behavioral and fMRI measurements to assess the impact of acute physical exercise on associative memory and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. For each participant, memory was tested after three conditions: rest, moderate or high exercise intensity. A long-term memory retest took place 3 months later. At both test and retest, memory performance increased after moderate but not high intensity exercise or rest. We also show that memory benefited from exercise-related increases in both AEA and BNDF levels: AEA boosted hippocampal activity during memory recall, while BDNF enhanced hippocampal memory representations and long-term performance.

scholarly journals Effect of acute physical exercise on motor sequence memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Marin Bosch ◽  
Aurélien Bringard ◽  
Maria Grazia Logrieco ◽  
Estelle Lauer ◽  
Nathalie Imobersteg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Hippocampal Plasticity ◽  
Sequence Memory ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

ABSTRACTAcute physical exercise improves memory functions by increasing neural plasticity in the hippocampus. In animals, a single session of physical exercise has been shown to boost anandamide (AEA), an endocannabinoid known to promote hippocampal plasticity. Hippocampal neuronal networks encode episodic memory representations, including the temporal organization of elements, and can thus benefit motor sequence learning. While previous work established that acute physical exercise has positive effects on declarative memory linked to hippocampal plasticity mechanisms, its influence on memory for motor sequences, and especially on neural mechanisms underlying possible effects, has been less investigated.Here we studied the impact of acute physical exercise on motor sequence learning, and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in humans, using a cross-over randomized within-subjects design. We measured behavior, fMRI activity, and circulating AEA levels in fifteen healthy participants while they performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT) before and after a short period of exercise (moderate or high intensity) or rest.We show that exercise enhanced motor sequence memory, significantly for high intensity exercise and tending towards significance for moderate intensity exercise. This enhancement correlated with AEA increase, and dovetailed with local increases in caudate nucleus and hippocampus activity.These findings demonstrate that acute physical exercise promotes sequence learning, thus attesting the overarching benefit of exercise to hippocampus-related memory functions.

scholarly journals Impact of Single Bout of Physical Exercise on Adolescents’ Strength and Balance Abilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (96) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Kreivėnaitė ◽  
Vytautas Streckis ◽  
Sandra Raizgytė ◽  
Asta Lileikienė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Impact

Background. There is evidence of physical exercise effect on the adolescents’ balance and strength; however it is not known how aforementioned variables respond to physical exercise with different loads and intensities. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the impact of single bout of physical exercise of different intensity on adolescents’ body balance and muscular strength.Methods. Thirty healthy, physically active 11–13-year-old adolescents were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Both groups performed single bout of physical exercise of high- or low-intensity climbing up and down-stairs. Postural sway and maximum voluntary contractions (MVC) were assessed before and after physical exercise. Results. No statistically significant impact of low or high intensity exercise was found at adolescents’ MVC. High intensity exercise influenced bigger postural sway with eyes closed compared to eyes open ( p < .05). After high-intensity exercise there was a significantly greater postural sway with eyes closed than with eyes open (p < .05). Conclusions. High and low intensity physical exercise had no impact on the adolescents’ maximum voluntary contraction, whereas high intensity exercise deteriorated body balance with eyes closed.Keywords:  adolescence, physical exercise, MVC, balance

scholarly journals Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers, Muscle Damage, and Sports Performance during Acute Physical Exercise in Sedentary Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kelly Aparecida Dias ◽  
Aline Rosignoli da Conceição ◽  
Lívya Alves Oliveira ◽  
Stephanie Michelin Santana Pereira ◽  
Stefany da Silva Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Exhaustive and acute unusual physical exercise leads to muscle damage. Curcumin has been widely studied due to the variety of its biological activities, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, it has shown positive effects on physical exercise practitioners. However, there is no literature consensus on the beneficial effects of curcumin in acute physical activities performed by sedentary individuals. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evidence from clinical trials on the main effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory markers, sports performance, and muscle damage during acute physical exercises in these individuals. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and only original studies were analyzed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies were limited to supplementation of curcumin during acute exercise. A total of 5 studies were selected. Methodological quality assessments were examined using the SYRCLE’s risk-of-bias tool. Most studies have shown positive effects of curcumin supplementation in sedentary individuals undergoing acute physical exercise. Overall, participants supplemented with curcumin showed less muscle damage, reduced inflammation, and better muscle performance. The studies showed heterogeneous data and exhibited methodological limitations; therefore, further research is necessary to ensure curcumin supplementation benefits during acute and high-intensity physical exercises. Additionally, mechanistic and highly controlled studies are required to improve the quality of the evidence and to elucidate other possible mechanisms. This study is registered with Prospero number CRD42021262718.

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