scholarly journals Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers, Muscle Damage, and Sports Performance during Acute Physical Exercise in Sedentary Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kelly Aparecida Dias ◽  
Aline Rosignoli da Conceição ◽  
Lívya Alves Oliveira ◽  
Stephanie Michelin Santana Pereira ◽  
Stefany da Silva Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Exhaustive and acute unusual physical exercise leads to muscle damage. Curcumin has been widely studied due to the variety of its biological activities, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, it has shown positive effects on physical exercise practitioners. However, there is no literature consensus on the beneficial effects of curcumin in acute physical activities performed by sedentary individuals. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evidence from clinical trials on the main effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory markers, sports performance, and muscle damage during acute physical exercises in these individuals. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and only original studies were analyzed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies were limited to supplementation of curcumin during acute exercise. A total of 5 studies were selected. Methodological quality assessments were examined using the SYRCLE’s risk-of-bias tool. Most studies have shown positive effects of curcumin supplementation in sedentary individuals undergoing acute physical exercise. Overall, participants supplemented with curcumin showed less muscle damage, reduced inflammation, and better muscle performance. The studies showed heterogeneous data and exhibited methodological limitations; therefore, further research is necessary to ensure curcumin supplementation benefits during acute and high-intensity physical exercises. Additionally, mechanistic and highly controlled studies are required to improve the quality of the evidence and to elucidate other possible mechanisms. This study is registered with Prospero number CRD42021262718.

Effects of Acute Physical Exercise With Low and High Cognitive Demands on Executive Functions in Children: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Paschen ◽  
Tim Lehmann ◽  
Miriam Kehne ◽  
Jochen Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Purpose: Whereas many studies addressed the relation between acute physical exercise and executive functions (EF) in children, the effects of various modalities of acute exercise on EF still remain unclear. This systematic review investigated the effects of exercise with low and high cognitive demands on speed of processing and accuracy of performance in tasks examining inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in children. Method: A systematic literature research in electronic databases was performed. Controlled trials assessing the effects of acute exercise on EF in a pre–post design were included. Results: Ten studies involving a total of 890 participants revealed positive effects in working memory performance in speed of processing after acute exercises with low cognitive demands compared with seated rest, mixed results for inhibition after exercises with low and high cognitive demands, and mixed results for cognitive flexibility with low cognitive demands. Concerning accuracy, only mixed results were found for inhibition after exercises with low and high cognitive demands. Conclusion: The differentiated effects of acute exercises with low and high cognitive demands led to more positive effects in speed of processing compared with accuracy of performance. Further investigations including assessment of neurophysiological parameters of EF are needed.

Immediate physiological effects of listening to music before physical exercise in institutionalized older people with dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-317
Author(s):  
Tamires Ferri Izzo ◽  
Maria Juana Beatriz Lima Candanedo ◽  
Aline Yumi Higuti ◽  
Lucas Magalhães Corrêa ◽  
Dayane Melo Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Older People ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Institutionalized Older People

ABSTRACT The evolution of dementia is strongly related to cognitive, motor, and functional changes and to the presence of cardiovascular diseases. Disturbances vary according to phase of dementia and can limit instrumental and basic activities of daily living. The aim of this study was to analyze the immediate physiological effects of listening to music before physical exercise in institutionalized older people with moderate to advanced dementia. A randomized trial was conducted with 18 institutionalized older people with dementia (mean age was 79 years old, 52.6% were female), who were divided into a Training with Music Group (TWMG) and a Training without Music Group (TWtMG). The evaluation included heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and HR variability (HRV). The assessment was conducted in a closed environment or in places with minimal visual and auditory stimulation. The TWMG was submitted to stimuli with music for 15 minutes and physical exercises for 30 minutes to improve/maintain their global mobility. The TWtMG performed the same physical exercises, however without music before physical exercise. The interventions lasted 12 weeks, and were performed individually once a week. In the TWMG, we observe a decrease in diastolic BP in the third session. In the sixth week, the HR increased after the session in both groups. TWMG improved HRV in the third session, with a difference between groups only after the session. After the sixth session, HRV values improved in both groups. In conclusion, listening to music before physical exercise is associated with positive effects in people with dementia, as it tends to maintain and improve physiological factors.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON COGNITIVE AND MOTOR BEHAVIOR IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Meiriélly Furmann ◽  
Denise Barth Rebesco ◽  
Leandro Smouter ◽  
Andressa Panegalli Hosni ◽  
Ivo Ilvan Kerppers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging causes alterations in various executive and cognitive functions, mainly related to the incidence of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies mention physical exercise as a preventive resource for depressive symptoms. Objective: To investigate the cognitive and behavioral alterations related to AD that are capable of slowing disease progression and its complications. Methods: The sample consisted of 10 male Wistar rats, divided into 2 groups (n = 5), swimming and Alzheimer + swimming, with a 6-day intervention protocol. The elevated plus maze test was used to assess anxiety, the Morris water maze for spatial memory, the isolation box for aversive memory, and the open field test to assay motor behavior. Results: There was improvement in spatial memory in the Swimming group (169 ± 142.9 x 24.2 ± 31.3), but motor behavior deteriorated after exercise. An increase in anxious behavior (8 ± 13.03 x 67.8 ± 48.1) was observed in the animals with AD. This is a relevant characteristic of the disease, which did not improve after acute exercise. By analyzing the size effect, it was possible to observe a difference in the Alzheimer + swimming group in terms of reduced anxiety and improved motor behavior after exercise. Despite the benefits of physical exercise for AD symptoms, there is still no consensus on the type of physical exercise and length of intervention necessary to achieve a positive response as a treatment method, since studies are yet to confirm this fact in an acute or chronic manner. Conclusion: Acute physical exercise was not fully effective as a means of treating behavioral alterations related to AD, but had a mean effect on the size effect analysis of motor behavior and anxiety, specifically. Level of evidence IV; Investigation of treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Acute physical exercise improves memory consolidation in humans via BDNF and endocannabinoid signaling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Marin Bosch ◽  
Aurélien Bringard ◽  
Maria Grazia Logrieco ◽  
Estelle Lauer ◽  
Nathalie Imobersteg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
High Exercise Intensity ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRegular physical exercise enhances memory functions and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, an effect partially mediated by BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor). Acute exercise promotes the release of endocannabinoids (especially anandamide, AEA), which enhance BDNF release and improve hippocampal plasticity in rodents. How acute exercise affects BDNF and AEA levels and influences memory performance in humans remains to date unknown. Here we combined blood biomarkers, behavioral and fMRI measurements to assess the impact of acute physical exercise on associative memory and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. For each participant, memory was tested after three conditions: rest, moderate or high exercise intensity. A long-term memory retest took place 3 months later. At both test and retest, memory performance increased after moderate but not high intensity exercise or rest. We also show that memory benefited from exercise-related increases in both AEA and BNDF levels: AEA boosted hippocampal activity during memory recall, while BDNF enhanced hippocampal memory representations and long-term performance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Memory, Peripheral BDNF, and Cortisol in Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hötting ◽  
Nadine Schickert ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Brigitte Röder ◽  
Maren Schmidt-Kassow
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Phase Retention

In animals, physical activity has been shown to induce functional and structural changes especially in the hippocampus and to improve memory, probably by upregulating the release of neurotrophic factors. In humans, results on the effect of acute exercise on memory are inconsistent so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a single bout of physical exercise on memory consolidation and the underlying neuroendocrinological mechanisms in young adults. Participants encoded a list of German-Polish vocabulary before exercising for 30 minutes with either high intensity or low intensity or before a relaxing phase. Retention of the vocabulary was assessed 20 minutes after the intervention as well as 24 hours later. Serum BDNF and salivary cortisol were measured at baseline, after learning, and after the intervention. The high-intensity exercise group showed an increase in BDNF and cortisol after exercising compared to baseline. Exercise after learning did not enhance the absolute number of recalled words. Participants of the high-intensity exercise group, however, forgot less vocabulary than the relaxing group 24 hours after learning. There was no robust relationship between memory scores and the increase in BDNF and cortisol, respectively, suggesting that further parameters have to be taken into account to explain the effects of exercise on memory in humans.

scholarly journals The effect of acute exercise on interleukin-6 and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responses in patients with coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeid Mahmood ◽  
Anette Davidsson ◽  
Eva Olsson ◽  
Per Leanderson ◽  
Anna K. Lundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

AbstractVulnerability to stress-induced inflammation has been linked to a dysfunctional hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. In the present study, patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were assessed with respect to inflammatory and HPA axis response to acute physical exercise. An exercise stress test was combined with SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. Plasma and saliva samples were collected before and 30 min after exercise. Interleukin (IL)-6 and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured in plasma, while cortisol was measured in both plasma and saliva. In total, 124 patients were included of whom 29% had a prior history of CAD and/or a myocardial perfusion deficit. The levels of exercise intensity and duration were comparable in CAD and non-CAD patients. However, in CAD patients, IL-6 increased after exercise (p = 0.019) while no differences were seen in HPA axis variables. Conversely, patients without CAD exhibited increased levels of ACTH (p = 0.003) and cortisol (p = 0.004 in plasma, p = 0.006 in saliva), but no change in IL-6. We conclude that the IL-6 response to acute physical exercise is exaggerated in CAD patients and may be out of balance due to HPA axis hypoactivity. It remains to be further investigated whether this imbalance is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in CAD.

scholarly journals Effect of the Combination of Creatine Monohydrate Plus HMB Supplementation on Sports Performance, Body Composition, Markers of Muscle Damage and Hormone Status: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julen Fernández-Landa ◽  
Julio Calleja-González ◽  
Patxi León-Guereño ◽  
Alberto Caballero-García ◽  
Alfredo Córdova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hormone Status ◽  
Exercise Induced

Although there are many studies showing the isolated effect of creatine monohydrate (CrM) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), it is not clear what effect they have when they are combined. The main purpose of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of mixing CrM plus HMB in comparison with their isolated effects on sports performance, body composition, exercise induced markers of muscle damage, and anabolic-catabolic hormones. This systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement guidelines and the PICOS model, for the definition of the inclusion criteria. Studies were found by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus electronic databases from inception to July 3rd 2019. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed by two authors independently, and disagreements were resolved by third-party evaluation, in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines samples. The literature was examined regarding the effects of the combination of CrM plus HMB on sport performance using several outcome variables (athletic performance, body composition, markers of muscle damage, and hormone status). This systematic review included six articles that investigated the effects of CrM plus HMB on sport performance (two on strength performance, showing improvements in one of them; three on anaerobic performance, presenting enhancements in two of them; and one on aerobic performance, not presenting improvements), body composition (three on body mass, showing improvements in one of them; two on fat free mass, presenting increases in one of them; and two on fat mass, showing decreases in one of them) and markers of muscle damage and hormone status (four on markers of muscle damage and one on anabolic-catabolic hormones, not showing benefits in any of them). In summary, the combination of 3–10 g/day of CrM plus 3 g/day of HMB for 1–6 weeks could produce potential positive effects on sport performance (strength and anaerobic performance) and for 4 weeks on body composition (increasing fat free mass and decreasing fat mass). However, this combination seems to not show positive effects relating to markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and anabolic-catabolic hormones.

scholarly journals Serum Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) Changes In Horses After An Acute Exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Heat shock proteins (HSP) play critical roles in the body’s self-defense under a variety of stresses. In particular, HSP70 is a key regulator of normal physiological processes including physical exercise. Exercise is associated with transient increases of HSP expression in rodents, humans and horses, but so far little is presently known about the effects of acute high-intensity exercise or training on the release of HSP70 in the blood of horses. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acute exercise as racehorse intensive training and gallop race on serum HSP70 levels. The research was carried out on 12 trained horses performing regularly training and gallop race. Serum HSP70 levels were analyzed by ELISA assay before and immediately after the end of both training and gallop race sessions. Results showed significant increased levels of serum HSP70, both after the end of the whole training session and gallop race, compared to basal values. A physiological stress associated with acute physical exercise seems to activate HSP70 pathway also in horses, suggesting the presence of an adaptation process to a stress of a novel homeostatic condition. Further investigations, at different times after the end of the exercise, could be useful to understand if HSP70 may be considered a new approach to monitoring exercise training and adaptive mechanisms in horses.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Heterochronic Parabiosis: Old Blood Induces Changes in Mitochondrial Structure and Function of Young Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny L Gonzalez-Armenta ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Rae-Ling Lee ◽  
Baisong Lu ◽  
Anthony J A Molina
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Young Mice

Abstract Heterochronic parabiosis models have been utilized to demonstrate the role of blood-borne circulating factors in systemic effects of aging. In previous studies, heterochronic parabiosis has shown positive effects across multiple tissues in old mice. More recently, a study demonstrated old blood had a more profound negative effect on muscle performance and neurogenesis of young mice. In this study, we used heterochronic parabiosis to test the hypothesis that circulating factors mediate mitochondrial bioenergetic decline, a well-established biological hallmark of aging. We examined mitochondrial morphology, expression of mitochondrial complexes, and mitochondrial respiration from skeletal muscle of mice connected as heterochronic pairs, as well as young and old isochronic controls. Our results indicate that young heterochronic mice had significantly lower total mitochondrial content and on average had significantly smaller mitochondria compared to young isochronic controls. Expression of complex IV followed a similar pattern: young heterochronic mice had a trend for lower expression compared to young isochronic controls. Additionally, respirometric analyses indicate that young heterochronic mice had significantly lower complex I, complex I + II, and maximal mitochondrial respiration and a trend for lower complex II-driven respiration compared to young isochronic controls. Interestingly, we did not observe significant improvements in old heterochronic mice compared to old isochronic controls, demonstrating the profound deleterious effects of circulating factors from old mice on mitochondrial structure and function. We also found no significant differences between the young and old heterochronic mice, demonstrating that circulating factors can be a driver of age-related differences in mitochondrial structure and function.

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