scholarly journals Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on Executive Functions and Emotional Recognition: Analysis of Moderate to High Intensity in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haney Aguirre-Loaiza ◽  
Jaime Arenas ◽  
Ianelleen Arias ◽  
Alejandra Franco-Jímenez ◽  
Sergio Barbosa-Granados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Emotional Recognition ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Memory, Peripheral BDNF, and Cortisol in Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hötting ◽  
Nadine Schickert ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Brigitte Röder ◽  
Maren Schmidt-Kassow
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Phase Retention

In animals, physical activity has been shown to induce functional and structural changes especially in the hippocampus and to improve memory, probably by upregulating the release of neurotrophic factors. In humans, results on the effect of acute exercise on memory are inconsistent so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a single bout of physical exercise on memory consolidation and the underlying neuroendocrinological mechanisms in young adults. Participants encoded a list of German-Polish vocabulary before exercising for 30 minutes with either high intensity or low intensity or before a relaxing phase. Retention of the vocabulary was assessed 20 minutes after the intervention as well as 24 hours later. Serum BDNF and salivary cortisol were measured at baseline, after learning, and after the intervention. The high-intensity exercise group showed an increase in BDNF and cortisol after exercising compared to baseline. Exercise after learning did not enhance the absolute number of recalled words. Participants of the high-intensity exercise group, however, forgot less vocabulary than the relaxing group 24 hours after learning. There was no robust relationship between memory scores and the increase in BDNF and cortisol, respectively, suggesting that further parameters have to be taken into account to explain the effects of exercise on memory in humans.

scholarly journals Effect of acute physical exercise on motor sequence memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Marin Bosch ◽  
Aurélien Bringard ◽  
Maria Grazia Logrieco ◽  
Estelle Lauer ◽  
Nathalie Imobersteg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Hippocampal Plasticity ◽  
Sequence Memory ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

ABSTRACTAcute physical exercise improves memory functions by increasing neural plasticity in the hippocampus. In animals, a single session of physical exercise has been shown to boost anandamide (AEA), an endocannabinoid known to promote hippocampal plasticity. Hippocampal neuronal networks encode episodic memory representations, including the temporal organization of elements, and can thus benefit motor sequence learning. While previous work established that acute physical exercise has positive effects on declarative memory linked to hippocampal plasticity mechanisms, its influence on memory for motor sequences, and especially on neural mechanisms underlying possible effects, has been less investigated.Here we studied the impact of acute physical exercise on motor sequence learning, and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in humans, using a cross-over randomized within-subjects design. We measured behavior, fMRI activity, and circulating AEA levels in fifteen healthy participants while they performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT) before and after a short period of exercise (moderate or high intensity) or rest.We show that exercise enhanced motor sequence memory, significantly for high intensity exercise and tending towards significance for moderate intensity exercise. This enhancement correlated with AEA increase, and dovetailed with local increases in caudate nucleus and hippocampus activity.These findings demonstrate that acute physical exercise promotes sequence learning, thus attesting the overarching benefit of exercise to hippocampus-related memory functions.

scholarly journals Effect of acute physical exercise on motor sequence memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Marin Bosch ◽  
Aurélien Bringard ◽  
Maria Grazia Logrieco ◽  
Estelle Lauer ◽  
Nathalie Imobersteg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Motor Sequence Learning ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Hippocampal Plasticity ◽  
Sequence Memory ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Abstract Acute physical exercise improves memory functions by increasing neural plasticity in the hippocampus. In animals, a single session of physical exercise has been shown to boost anandamide (AEA), an endocannabinoid known to promote hippocampal plasticity. Hippocampal neuronal networks encode episodic memory representations, including the temporal organization of elements, and can thus benefit motor sequence learning. While previous work established that acute physical exercise has positive effects on declarative memory linked to hippocampal plasticity mechanisms, its influence on memory for motor sequences, and especially on neural mechanisms underlying possible effects, has been less investigated. Here we studied the impact of acute physical exercise on motor sequence learning, and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in humans, using a cross-over randomized within-subjects design. We measured behavior, fMRI activity, and circulating AEA levels in fifteen healthy participants while they performed a serial reaction time task before and after a short period of exercise (moderate or high intensity) or rest. We show that exercise enhanced motor sequence memory, significantly for high intensity exercise and tending towards significance for moderate intensity exercise. This enhancement correlated with AEA increase, and dovetailed with local increases in caudate nucleus and hippocampus activity. These findings demonstrate that acute physical exercise promotes sequence learning, thus attesting the overarching benefit of exercise to hippocampus-related memory functions.

scholarly journals A single bout of physical exercise does not affect young adults’ executive functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Ambra Gentile ◽  
Ewan Thomas ◽  
Kaltrina Feka ◽  
Anita Di Vincenzo ◽  
Marco Restifo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Block Test ◽  
The Impact

Summary Study aim. The purpose of the current study is to determine the impact of single bouts of physical exercise of different duration and intensity on young adults’ executive functions. Material and methods. The study employed 81 participants (37 females, 44 males) ranging between 19 and 39 years (mean age: 24.6 ± 4.08 years; mean height: 168 ± 9.67 cm; mean weight: 67.2 ± 13.0 kg). The executive functions were assessed through the Stroop task, the Tower of London test, and the Corsi block test. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions (30-second Wingate test condition, an incremental intensity exercise test, and a submaximal constant-intensity test) or the control group. Results. For all the conditions, repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of time on executive function performances, meaning that participants improved their performance between pre-test and post-test, while the interaction time x activity was in the expected direction but nonsignificant. Conclusions. Apparently, a single, brief, high-intensity bout of exercise has no effects on young adults’ cognitive functions, but the same experiment should be replicated with a bigger sample.

Effects of Acute Physical Exercise With Low and High Cognitive Demands on Executive Functions in Children: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Paschen ◽  
Tim Lehmann ◽  
Miriam Kehne ◽  
Jochen Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

Purpose: Whereas many studies addressed the relation between acute physical exercise and executive functions (EF) in children, the effects of various modalities of acute exercise on EF still remain unclear. This systematic review investigated the effects of exercise with low and high cognitive demands on speed of processing and accuracy of performance in tasks examining inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in children. Method: A systematic literature research in electronic databases was performed. Controlled trials assessing the effects of acute exercise on EF in a pre–post design were included. Results: Ten studies involving a total of 890 participants revealed positive effects in working memory performance in speed of processing after acute exercises with low cognitive demands compared with seated rest, mixed results for inhibition after exercises with low and high cognitive demands, and mixed results for cognitive flexibility with low cognitive demands. Concerning accuracy, only mixed results were found for inhibition after exercises with low and high cognitive demands. Conclusion: The differentiated effects of acute exercises with low and high cognitive demands led to more positive effects in speed of processing compared with accuracy of performance. Further investigations including assessment of neurophysiological parameters of EF are needed.

Does executive functions’ performance at rest predict executive function performance during acute physical exercise?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Larissa Oliveira Faria ◽  
Felipe Amorim da Cunha ◽  
Leonardo de Sousa Fortes ◽  
Maurizio Bertollo ◽  
Samuel Penna Wanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise

scholarly journals Choroidal Thickness and Volume Modifications Induced by Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Insa-Sánchez ◽  
Lorena Fuentes-Broto ◽  
Alberto Cobos ◽  
Elvira Orduna Hospital ◽  
Francisco Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Our aim was to evaluate the changes in choroidal thickness (CT) and volume (CV) following aerobic physical exercise in healthy young adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study included 72 eyes from healthy volunteers between 22 and 37 years old. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, total physical activity was computed. Measurements using an autorefractometer, ocular biometry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography using the Enhanced Depth Imaging protocol were taken. OCT was performed as a baseline measurement and after performing 10 min of dynamic physical exercise (3 and 10 min post-exercise). The choroidal layer was manually segmented, and the CT and CV in different areas from the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid were obtained. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In healthy adults, at 3 min post-exercise, CT was higher in the subfoveal, the 3-mm nasal, and the 6-mm superior areas. Between 3 and 10 min post-exercise, the CT was reduced in all areas, and in some areas, the values were even smaller than the baseline measurements. The CV values showed changes after exercise similar to those of thickness. The total CV recovery after exercise was related to sex and physical activity level. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Individuals with higher physical activity habits had greater CV at rest than those with lower physical activity levels. During exercise, healthy young people adjust CT and CV. At 3 min post-exercise, CT and CV increase. Women and individuals with greater physical activity levels reduce their total CV more than others during recovery.

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