scholarly journals The effects of acute exercise intensity on episodic and false memory among young adult college students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma K. Dilley ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Episodic Memories

Background: Previous experimental work demonstrates that acute exercise may enhance episodic memory performance. However, limited research has examined the extent to which acute exercise influences false episodic memory production, and no studies, to date, have examined whether there is an intensity-specific effect of acute exercise on both true episodic and false episodic memories. Thus, the present experiment evaluated the effects of intensity-specific acute exercise on episodic memory and false episodic memory. Methods: A three-arm, parallel, between-group randomized controlled trial was employed in the University setting, with participants (N=60; Mage= 20.8 years) randomized into a moderate intensity exercise group (15-minute bout of treadmill exercise at 50% heart rate reserve), a high intensity exercise group (15-minute bout of treadmill exercise at 80% heart rate reserve), or a control group (time-matched period of sitting). True episodic and false episodic memory were both assessed using 6 word-lists from the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, including both a short-term recall and a delayed memory recognition assessment. Results: For the number of words recalled across each of the 6 lists, there was a significant main effect for list (P<0.001, η2p=0.15), marginally significant main effect for group (P=0.07, η2p=0.09), but no list by group interaction effect (P=0.44, η2p=0.03). Those in the high-intensity exercise group recalled significantly (P<0.05) more words than the control group. For the false episodic word recall, across various lists, high-intensity acute exercise was associated with a greater rate of false episodic memories. For the memory recognition task, there was no main effect for word type (P=0.46, η2p=0.01), group (P=0.4443, η2p=.03), word type by group interaction (P=0.44,η2p=0.03), recall by group interaction (P=0.4441, η2p=0.04), or word type by recall by group interaction (P=0.32, η2p=0.04). However, there was a main effect for recall (P<0.001, η2p=.54)and a word type by recall interaction (P<0.001, η2p=0.77).Conclusion: These findings suggest that acute high-intensity exercise may enhance true episodic memories, and, possibly, also increase the rate of false episodic memories. We discuss these findings in the context of how different acute exercise intensities may have unique and differential effects on underlying mechanistic processes related to true and false episodic memory.

scholarly journals The Experimental Effects of Acute Exercise on Long-Term Emotional Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanna Wade ◽  
Paul Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Randomized Controlled Experiment ◽  
Memory Recognition

Emerging work suggests that acute, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may help to subserve episodic memory of neutral stimuli. Less investigated, however, is whether acute exercise is associated with enhanced memory recognition of emotional stimuli, which was the purpose of this experiment. A parallel-group randomized controlled experiment was employed. Participants (mean age = 20 yr) were randomized into an exercise (n = 17) or control group (n = 17). The exercise group engaged in a 15-min bout of moderate-intensity treadmill walking. Emotional memory recognition was assessed via images from the International Affective Picture System, including assessments of varying degrees of valence and arousal. Memory recognition was assessed at 1 day, 7 days, and 14 days post-memory encoding. We observed a significant main effect for time (F(2) = 104.2, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.77) and a significant main effect for valence–arousal classification (F(4) = 21.39, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.40), but there was no significant time by group interaction (F(2) = 1.09, p = 0.34, η2p = 0.03), classification by group interaction (F(4) = 0.12, p = 0.97, η2p = 0.01), time by classification interaction (F(8) = 1.78, p = 0.08, η2p = 0.05), or time by classification by group interaction (F(8) = 0.78, p = 0.62, η2p = 0.02). In conclusion, emotional memory recognition decreased over the 14-day follow-up period and this rate of memory decay was not altered by acute moderate-intensity exercise engagement. We discuss these findings in the context of exercise intensity and the temporal effects of exercise.

scholarly journals Acute Exercise on Memory Reconsolidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Ashley Lovorn ◽  
Emma Hamilton ◽  
Noelle Mincarelli
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Memory Distortion ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Learning Trials

Background and Objective: Once a memory is reactivated, it enters a labile state and, thus, is vulnerable to memory decay and/or distortion. Recent research demonstrates that acute, high-intensity exercise is associated with enhanced episodic memory function. Very limited research, however, has evaluated whether acute exercise can attenuate memory distortion from memory reactivation, which was the purpose of this study. Methods: A between-subject randomized controlled intervention was employed. Participants (N = 80) were randomly assigned to one of four groups, including (1) reminder with exercise, (2) reminder, (3) no reminder, and (4) interference control. For the groups, participants completed three visits (Visit 1, 2, and 3), which all occurred 48 hours apart. An exception to this was the interference control group, which did not complete Visit 2. On Visit 2, the reminder with exercise group engaged in a 15 min bout of high-intensity exercise (80% of heart rate reserve) immediately after memory reactivation. On Visit 3, participants engaged in a free recall (4 trials) of the memory task encoded on Visit 1. Results: In a 4 (groups) × 4 (learning trials) mixed-measures ANOVA, with the group as the between-subjects variable and the learning trials (1–4) as the within-subject variable, there was a significant main effect group, F(3, 76) = 4.18, p = 0.008, η2p = 0.14, and a significant main effect for the learning trials, F(2.40, 182.59) = 49.25, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.39, but there was no group by learning trials interaction, F(7.20, 182.59) = 1.07, p = 0.38, η2p = 0.04. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that exercise may, potentially, attenuate memory distortion from memory reactivation. However, future work is needed to confirm these findings before any strong conclusions can be reached.

Effects of Exercise on Explicit Memory Function: Incidental and Intentional Encoding May Depend on Exercise Timing

2020 ◽  
pp. 003151252097967
Author(s):  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Ashley Lovorn ◽  
Jackson Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Timing

The present experiment evaluated the effects of self-reported exercise behavior and an acute bout of high-intensity exercise on explicit memory function. The memory tasks were encoded either incidentally or intentionally; for intentional encoding, participants were told to focus on memorizing the stimuli (words), whereas for incidental encoding, participants were unaware that they would be subsequently asked to complete an object recognition task. Among a sample of 150 adults (Mage = 20 years), randomly assigned experimental participants engaged in the following task sequence: (a) incidentally encoded a series of objects, (b) engaged in 20 minutes of high-intensity exercise, (c) intentionally encoded a word list, and (d) completed explicit memory retrieval tasks. Control group participants viewed a time matched video in lieu of high intensity exercise. We measured self-reported exercise behavior via an exercise questionnaire. We did not observe convincing evidence of an effect of high-intensity acute exercise, when occurring during the early consolidation period, on memory function, for either incidental or intentional encoding tasks. However, self-reported engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was favorably associated with explicit memory performance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Memory, Peripheral BDNF, and Cortisol in Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Hötting ◽  
Nadine Schickert ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Brigitte Röder ◽  
Maren Schmidt-Kassow
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Phase Retention

In animals, physical activity has been shown to induce functional and structural changes especially in the hippocampus and to improve memory, probably by upregulating the release of neurotrophic factors. In humans, results on the effect of acute exercise on memory are inconsistent so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a single bout of physical exercise on memory consolidation and the underlying neuroendocrinological mechanisms in young adults. Participants encoded a list of German-Polish vocabulary before exercising for 30 minutes with either high intensity or low intensity or before a relaxing phase. Retention of the vocabulary was assessed 20 minutes after the intervention as well as 24 hours later. Serum BDNF and salivary cortisol were measured at baseline, after learning, and after the intervention. The high-intensity exercise group showed an increase in BDNF and cortisol after exercising compared to baseline. Exercise after learning did not enhance the absolute number of recalled words. Participants of the high-intensity exercise group, however, forgot less vocabulary than the relaxing group 24 hours after learning. There was no robust relationship between memory scores and the increase in BDNF and cortisol, respectively, suggesting that further parameters have to be taken into account to explain the effects of exercise on memory in humans.

1H NMR-based metabolomics approach for exploring the effect of astaxanthin supplementation on plasma metabolites after high-intensity physical exercise

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Males

Purpose: In this study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin (ASTA) supplementation on changes in human plasma elicited by high-intensity exercise. Methods: Sixteen adult males were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 8 per group), namely the control group C (placebo for 28 d, 4 weeks) and experimental group M (supplement medium dose ASTA: 12 mg/d for 28 d, 4 weeks). At 08:00 on the 29th day, fasting blood sampling was carried out on all the participants, and the samples were tested in the laboratory for the first time. Later, the participants performed acute exercise on a pedal-powered bicycle with full strength for 30 s × 3/3 min intervals (loading a weight of 0.075 kg/kg). Blood sampling was then respectively performed immediately, 1 h after the acute exercise, and 1 d after the acute exercise. Results: (1) The metabolites of the subjects of the two groups were found to be diverse at different time points, and 34 types of metabolites were screened from the two groups. (2) The metabolites with differences between the two groups 1 h after exercise were β-hydroxybutyrate, creatine, and glycerol. The levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid and glycerol in group M were significantly lower than those in group C, while the level of creatine was significantly higher. Compared with the resting state 1 h after exercise, the metabolites in common between the two groups were leucine (Leu), valine (Val), and citric acid (CA), and their levels were significantly decreased. (3) During the period between 1 h and 1 d after exercise, the different metabolites between the two groups were methionine (Met) and glycerol. The glycerol levels of group M were significantly lower than those of group C, while the levels of Met were significantly higher. The co-metabolites of the subjects in groups C and M 1 d after exercise were creatine, glucose, and glycerol, the levels of which were all significantly increased. Conclusions: (1) One hour after exercise, the consumption of creatine, amino acids, fatty acids, and CA was found to be obvious, and ASTA intake was conducive to their recovery. (2) After high-intensity exercise, changes occurred in the body's energy metabolism that involved the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and proteins, and basic recovery was found 1 d after exercise. The findings of this study suggest that ASTA intake can accelerate metabolic recovery induced by physical exercise.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EXERCISE INTENSITAS TINGGI TERHADAP KETEBALAN ENDOMETRIUM MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Aizah Ari Setyana Yuli ◽  
Gadis Meinar Sari ◽  
Ashon Sa’adi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Group Data

Abstrak Latar Belakang : Exercise dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ketidakseimbangan antara antioksidan endogen dan ROS dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif dapat menyebabkan infertilitas pada wanita melalui berbagai mekanisme. Endometrium yang tidak sempurna karena ROS tidak dapat mendukung embrio dan perkembangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perbedaan ketebalan endometrium pada mencit yang exercise intensitas tinggi. Metode : Penelitian ini true experimental dengan rancangan randomized posttest only design. Besar sampel adalah 7 ekor tiap kelompok, yang terdiri dari 2 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol dan  kelompok exercise intensitas tinggi. Data yang didapatkan adalah ketebalan endometrium mencit. Hasil : hasil uji mann-whitney menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dengan P=0,006. Kesimpulan : exercise intensitas tinggi dapat mempengaruhi ketebalan endometrium.. Abstract Background: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is formed by exercise. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between endogenous antioxidants and ROS. Oxidative stress  causes infertility in women through mechanisms. Because of  ROS, endometrium can not support the embryo and its development. This research aim to analyze different of endometrial thickness mice with high intensity exercise. Methods: This research is true experimental researh with randomized posttest only design. The sample size is 7 female mice each group, devided into 2 groups. The control group, and the high-intensity exercise group. Data obtained from mice endometrial thickness Results: mann-whitney  gave significant result at level p=0.006. Conclusion: high intensity exercise can effect the thickness of the endometrium.

EFFECT OF LOW-, MODERATE-, AND HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE ON ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP) AND SARCOPLASMIC/ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) GENE EXPRESSION IN WISTAR RAT CARDIAC MUSCLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Averina Octaxena Aslani ◽  
Hanna Goenawan ◽  
Nova Sylviana
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Health ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

Exercise is one of the factors that affect cardiovascular health. Exercise has been proven to reduce the number of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is also known that doing intense exercise has an adverse effect on heart health which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. While doing exercise, there is compensation from the heart itself by producing substances to maintain the heart to remain functional, known as cardiac biomarkers, including ANP and SERCA2a. Thus far, the recommended intensity is moderate-intensity exercise, which is optimal for heart health, but this recommendation has not been supported by biomolecular study. Therefore, this research was conducted. This study was done using semi-quantitative analytic method and experimental study design. Total of 24 male wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: 1 control group (0m/min) and 3 exercise groups (low-: 10m/min, moderate-: 20m/min, high- intensity exercise: 30m/min). All groups received 30 min/day running, 5x/week for 12 weeks. The rats were terminated under anaesthesia, cardiac muscle extraction was done from left ventricle, and gene expression of ANP and SERCA2a is studied. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software with one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc comparisons if the p-values < 0.05. The expression of ANP increased but insignificant in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise group of rat (0.8720.034 vs 0.9010.018 vs 0.9160.015 vs 0.9380.025; p=0.304). The expression of SERCA2a also increased insignificantly in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise group of rat (1.0440.019 vs 1.0510.015 vs 1.0630.011 vs 1.0820.027; p=0.493). Different exercise intensity didnt have significant effect on ANP and SERCA2a expression in rat cardiac muscle.

scholarly journals The effect of exercise on the protein profile of rat knee joint intra- and extra-articular ligaments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda A. Kharaz ◽  
Helen L. Birch ◽  
Alexandra Chester ◽  
Eleanor Alchorne ◽  
Deborah Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractInjuries to the intra-articular knee joint ligament (anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)) together with the extra-articular medial collateral ligament (MCL) result in significant joint instability, pain and immobility for the affected individual. Moderate endurance type exercise has been shown to increase ligament strength, however little is known on the effect of short-term high intensity exercise regimes such as treadmill training on the ACL and MCL and whether they may be beneficial to the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure of these ligaments. This study aimed to identify the effect of short-term high intensity exercise on the proteome of the rat ACL and MCL using mass spectrometry. Sprague Dawley male rats (n=12) were split into equal groups of control and exercise animals, which were subjected to high intensity training and followed by proteomic analysis of the ACL and MCL. Knee joint and ligament health was assessed using OARSI scoring or using a validated histological scoring system. Histopathological analyses demonstrated no significant changes in the ACL, MCL or cartilage of the knee joint, indicating that the exercise regime used in this study did not have substantial impact on tissue structure and health of several tissues within the rat knee joint. Some proteins were found to be significantly more abundant in the ACL in the exercised group than the control group. However, no proteins with a significantly different expression were identified between MCL control and MCL exercised groups. The majority of proteins expressed at higher levels in the ACL exercise group were cytoskeletal proteins, ribosomal proteins and enzymes. Several matrisomal proteins were also more abundant such as collagen proteins and proteoglycans in ACL exercise group. In conclusion, our results indicate that short-term high intensity exercise has an impact on ACL ECM protein expression, with the majority of differential expressed proteins being cellular proteins such as actins, ribosomal and heat shock proteins, indicative of metabolic and molecular responses. Further study is necessary to determine the impact of these short-term changes on ligament structure and function.

scholarly journals PO-099 Effects of long-term high-intensity exercise training on renal local renin-angiotensin system in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Dang ◽  
Jianmin Cao ◽  
Xian Guo ◽  
Yanlong Niu ◽  
Hui Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Angiotensin System

Objective Exercise stimulation to the body of the first stress: blood changes, regulated by the renin-angiotensin system. Long-term high-intensity exercise training will lead to changes in kidney structure and function, resulting in renal injury. This will not only affect training and competition, but also affect the health of athletes, thus it is becoming an influential factor in the occurrence and development of excessive fatigue. At present, the mechanism of renal injury and proteinuria caused by exercise is not very clear. Therefore, this study conducted an in-depth study on the upstream mechanism of renal blood flow changes from the molecular level and explored the effects of 6-week high-intensity exercise training on the renal local renin-angiotensin system in rats. Methods 30 SD male rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into control group (10) and exercise group (20). Then according to different time, the exercise group (20) was divided into two groups on average, which are 0h group and 24h group. The rats in the control group did not do any exercise, and the rats in the exercise group were trained to run on the platform with high intensity for 6 weeks. At the beginning of the sixth week, the urine of rats from different group were selected randomly, and the urine NGAL, urinary microalbumin (mAlb), urinary creatinine (UCr) and total urine protein (TP) were tested, to determine the rat model of exercise-induced renal injury with proteinuria. After training on the 6th weekend, the renal tissue renin activity and angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) content in right kidney were tested. At the same time, the left kidney of the rat was taken to make HE staining sections. Results (1) The mAlb, Alb/Cr and TP of the exercise group were higher than those of the control group, while the UCr content was lower than that of the control group. There was a significant difference between mAlb and TP in the exercise group and the control group(p<0.05). UCr, mAlb/Cr were significantly different from the control group(p<0.01). The urine NGAL concentration in the exercise group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was significant(p<0.05). (2) The glomerulus of the rats in the 0h group showed obvious congestion, swelling and erythrocyte exudation. The tissue morphology of rats in the 24h group recovered slightly, but it was still different from the control group. (3) The renin activity and Ang Ⅱ were the lowest in the 0h group, and the renin activity and Ang Ⅱ were highest in the 24h group. There is a very significant difference between the groups(p<0.01). Conclusions (1) The 6-week high-intensity training used in this study increased the levels of NGAL, TP, and mAlb in the urine of rats, and successfully established a rat model of exercise-induced renal injury with proteinuria. (2) Long-term high-intensity exercise training can cause obvious congestion, swelling, erythrocyte exudation in rat glomeruli, which can’t return to the quiet level 24 hours after exercise. (3) Renal injury caused by exercise decreased the expression of local renin activity and angiotensin II in the kidney, and the recovery of renal renin activity and angiotensin II was increased 24h after exercise.

High intensity exercise for 3 months reduces disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA): a multicentre randomised trial of 100 patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Halvorsen Sveaas ◽  
Annelie Bilberg ◽  
Inger Jorid Berg ◽  
Sella Arrestad Provan ◽  
Silvia Rollefstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Treatment

BackgroundExercise is considered important in the management of patients with rheumatic diseases, but the effect of high intensity exercises on disease activity is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of high intensity exercises on disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodAssessor blinded multicentre randomised controlled trial. 100 patients (aged from their 20s to their 60s) with axSpA were randomly assigned to an exercise group or to a no-intervention control group. The exercise group performed cardiorespiratory and muscular strength exercises at high intensity over 3 months. The control group received standard care and was instructed to maintain their usual physical activity level. Primary outcome was disease activity measured with the Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Disease Activity Scale (ASDAS, higher score=worst) and the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI, 0–10, 10=worst). Secondary outcomes were inflammatory markers, physical function and cardiovascular (CV)-health. There was patient involvement in the design and reporting of this study.Results97 of the 100 (97%) randomised patients completed the measurements after the intervention. There was a significant treatment effect of the intervention on the primary outcome (ASDAS: −0.6 [–0.8 to –0.3], p<0.001 and BASDAI: −1.2 [–1.8 to –0.7], p<0.001). Significant treatment effects were also seen for inflammation, physical function and CV-health.ConclusionHigh intensity exercises reduced disease symptoms (pain, fatigue, stiffness) and also inflammation in patients with axSpA. It improves patients’ function and CV health. This debunks concerns that high intensity exercise might exacerbate disease activity in patients with axSpA.Trial registration numberNCT02356874.

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