scholarly journals Frost Durability and Strength of Concrete Prepared with Crushed Sand of Different Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-kai Zhou ◽  
Zhan-ao Liu ◽  
Xiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Fines Content ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Frost Durability ◽  
Better Than

The influences of fines content, methylene blue (MB) value, and lithology of crushed sand (CS) on frost durability and strength of concrete were investigated, and the frost durability and strength of crushed sand concrete (CSC) and river sand concrete (RSC) were compared. The results show that inclusion of fines improves CSC compressive strength and reduces frost durability of C30 CSC when fines content reaches 10%, whereas it has little negative influence on frost durability of C60 CSC. Increasing MB value does not negatively affect compressive strength of C30 CSC but decreases compressive strength of C60 CSC and frost durability of CSC, and the reduction is more pronounced when MB value exceeds 1.0. Lithology has no prominent influence on frost durability and compressive strength of CSC within the lithologies (dolomite, limestone, granite, basalt, and quartz) studied. Though compressive strength of CSC is a little higher than RSC under equal water to cement ratio, frost durability of CSC is no better than RSC especially for C30 CSC, and air-entraining agent is suggested for enhancing frost durability of C30 CSC exposed to freezing environment.

Influence of Species of Manufactured Sand on Basic Performances of Mortar

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 980-983
Author(s):  
Yu Li Wang ◽  
Su Xia Liu ◽  
Wei Dong Wang ◽  
Yu Jie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Better Than

The influences of sand-cement ratio on bulk density, fluidity, compressive strength, flexural strength of mortar of river sand, limestone manufactured sand (MA), quartzite MA, granite MA were studied compresively in the paper. The results show that bulk density of mortar reaches to maximum if sand-cement ratio of mortar of river sand is 2.73 and the ratios of mortar of manufactured fine sands are all 3.0. The fluidity of mortars of river sand and limestone MA are better than those of quartzite MA and granite MA. Sand-cement ratios of mortars with maximum strength are equal to that with maximum bulk density. The sequence of compressive strength is limestone MA, quartzite MA, river sand, granite MA from high to low, and that of flexural strength is limestone MA, quartzite MA, granite MA, river sand.

scholarly journals Graphene Nanoplatelets Impact on Concrete in Improving Freeze-Thaw Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofang Chen ◽  
Mingqian Yang ◽  
Longjun Xu ◽  
Yingzi Zhang ◽  
Yanze Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Better Than

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) is a newly nanomaterial with extraordinary properties. This paper investigated the effect of GNP on the addition on freeze–thaw (F–T) resistance of concrete. In this experimental study, water to cement ratio remained unchanged, a control mixture without GNP materials and the addition of GNP was ranging from 0.02% to 0.4% by weight of ordinary Portland cement was prepared. Specimens were carried out by the rapid freeze-thaw test, according to the current Chinese standard. The workability, compressive strength, visual deterioration and mass loss of concrete samples were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy also applied in order to investigate the micromorphology inside of the concrete. The results showed that GNP concrete has a finer pore structure than ordinary concrete; moreover, the workability of GNP concrete reduced, and the compressive strength of specimens was enhanced within the appropriate range of GNP addition; in addition, GNP concrete performed better than the control concrete in the durability of concrete exposed to F-T actions. Specimens with 0.05% GNP exhibited the highest compressive property after 200 F–T cycles compared with other samples.

scholarly journals Effect of Mound Soil on Concrete Produced with River Sand

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Elivs M. Mbadike ◽  
N.N Osadebe
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Control Test ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Average Compressive Strength

In this research work, the effect of mound soil on concrete produced with river sand was investigated. A mixed proportion of 1.1.8:3.7 with water cement ratio of 0.47 were used. The percentage replacement of river sand with mound soil is 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Concrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x150mm of river sand/mound soil were cast and cured at 3, 7, 28, 60 and 90 days respectively. At the end of each hydration period, the three cubes for each hydration period were crushed and their average compressive strength recorded. A total of ninety (90) concrete cubes were cast. The result of the compressive strength test for 5- 40% replacement of river sand with mound soil ranges from 24.00 -42.58N/mm2 a against 23.29-36.08N/mm2 for the control test (0% replacement).The workability of concrete produced with 5- 40% replacement of river sand with mound soil ranges from 47- 62mm as against 70mm for the control test.

Chloride Ingress Control and Promotion of Internal Curing in Concrete Using Superabsorbent Polymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Ariel Verzosa Melendres ◽  
Napoleon Solo Dela Cruz ◽  
Araceli Magsino Monsada ◽  
Rolan Pepito Vera Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Chloride Ingress ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymer ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio

Chloride ingress into concrete from the surrounding environment can result in the corrosion of the embedded steel reinforcement and cause damage to the concrete. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) with fine particle size was incorporated into the structure of concrete for controlling the chloride ingress and improving its compressive strength via promotion of internal curing. The SAP used in this study was evaluated for its absorbency property when exposed to cementitious environment such as aqueous solution of Ca (OH)2 and cement slurry. The results were compared to that in sodium chloride solution, the environment where absorbency of most of the SAP found in the market are well studied. Results showed that although SAP absorbency decreased with increasing concentration of Ca (OH)2 and cement, the results suggest that water containing cementitious materials are able to be absorbed by SAP. Chloride ingress into 28-day cured concrete specimens were determined using Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) method employing 60V DC driving force. Concrete samples with size of 50 mm height x 100 mm diameter were prepared using a M25 mix design with 0.4 and 0.45 water to cement ratios and different percentages of SAP such as 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.15% with respect to cement mass. Results showed that concrete with 0.15% SAP gave the best result with 14% less chloride permeability than concrete with no SAP for a 0.4 water to cement ratio. Concrete samples for compressive strength tests with size of 200 mm height x 100 mm diameter were prepared using the same mix design and percentages of SAP and cured for 28 days. Results showed that the best results for compressive strength was found at 0.1% SAP at a 0.4 water to cement ratio which can be attributed to internal curing provided by SAP.

scholarly journals Use of Recycled Tyre Rubber in Non-structural Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Waris ◽  
Hussain Najwani ◽  
Khalifa Al-Jabri ◽  
Abdullah Al-Saidy
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Concrete Blocks

To manage tyre waste and conserve natural aggregate resource, this research investigates the use of waste tyre rubber as partial replacement of fine aggregates in non-structural concrete. The research used Taguchi method to study the influence of mix proportion, water-to-cement ratio and tyre rubber replacement percentage on concrete. Nine mixes were prepared with mix proportion of 1:2:4, 1:5:4 and 1:2.5:3; water-to-cement ratio of 0.25, 0.35 and 0.40 and rubber to fine aggregate replacement of 20%, 30% and 40%. Compressive strength and water absorption tests were carried out on 100 mm cubes. Compressive strength was directly proportional to the amount of coarse aggregate in the mix. Water-to-cement ratio increased the strength within the range used in the study. Strength was found to be more sensitive to the overall rubber content than the replacement ratio. Seven out of the nine mixes satisfied the minimum strength requirement for concrete blocks set by ASTM. Water absorption and density for all mixes satisfied the limits applicable for concrete blocks. The study indicates that mix proportions with fine to coarse aggregate ratio of less than 1.0 and w/c ratio around 0.40 can be used with tyre rubber replacements of up to 30 % to satisfy requirements for non-structural concrete.

Effects of Fly Ash Addition on Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Foamed Cement Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshasmawi Abdul Wahab ◽  
Mohd Noor Mazlee ◽  
Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin ◽  
Khairul Nizar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Volume Percent ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio

In this study, the mixing of polystyrene (PS) beads and fly ash as a sand replacement material in foamed cement composites (FCC) has been investigated. Specifically, the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and flexural strength were measured. Different proportions of fly ash were added in cement composites to replace the sand proportion at 3 wt. %, 6 wt. %, 9 wt. % and 12 wt. % respectively. The water to cement ratio was fixed at 0.65 meanwhile ratios of PS beads used was 0.25 volume percent of samples as a foaming agent. All samples at different mixed were cured at 7 and 28 days respectively. Based on the results of compressive strength, it was found that the compressive strength was increased with the increasing addition of fly ash. Meanwhile, flexural strength was decreased with the increasing addition of fly ash up to 9 wt. %. The foamed cement composites with 12 wt. % of fly ash produced the highest strength of compressive strength meanwhile 3 wt. % of fly ash produced the highest strength of flexural strength.

scholarly journals Resistencia de concreto con agregado de alta absorción y baja relación a/c

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
R. G. Solís ◽  
E. Moreno ◽  
E. Arjona
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Limestone Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Maximum Compressive Strength ◽  
Crushed Limestone ◽  
High Absorption

RESUMENLa resistencia del concreto depende de la calidad de la pasta de cemento y de las características de los agregados pétreos. La primera es controlada por la relación agua - cemento, mientras que las propiedades de los agregados generalmente no pueden ser manipuladas ya que se suele utilizar aquellos que están disponibles cerca de la construcción. En muchas regiones rocas con propiedades no deseables son utilizadas como agregado. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue responder a la pregunta sobre cuál sería la máxima resistencia de diseño que se podría utilizar para concretos fabricados con un tipo específico de agregados obtenidos a partir de la trituración de roca caliza de alta absorción. Se probaron concretos con seis relaciones agua - cemento y dos tamaños de agregado grueso. Se concluyó que con los agregados estudiados es posible fabricar concretos de hasta 500 k/cm2 de f’c.Palabras clave: Absorción; agregados calizos; concreto; relación agua/cemento; resistencia.ABSTRACTConcrete strength depends on the cement paste quality and on the characteristics of the aggregates. The former is controlled by the water to cement ratio, while the properties of the aggregate, in general, cannot be manipulated as it is customary to employ the ones available near the construction site. In many regions rocks with no desirable properties are employed as aggregates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to answer the question about what would that be the maximum compressive strength attainable in concrete made with a specific type of aggregate obtained from crushed limestone of high absorption. Concrete mixtures involved six water to cement ratios and two sizes of coarse aggregate. It was concluded that with this type of aggregate it is possible to made concrete with compressive strength up to 500 k/cm2 of f’c.Key words: Absorption; compressive strength; concrete; limestone aggregate; water/cement ratio.

scholarly journals Strength Characteristics of M40 Grade Concrete using Waste PET as Replacement for Sand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
S.O.A. Olawale ◽  
M.A. Kareem ◽  
O.Y. Ojo ◽  
A.U. Adebanjo ◽  
M.O. Thanni
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Free Environment

The wide variety of industrial and domestic applications of plastic products has fuelled a global trend in their use. The vast amount of plastic items that are discarded after use, on the other hand, pollutes the environment. In light of this, the current study  investigated the use of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as substitute for natural sand in concrete production. Locally sourced river sand was replaced with industrially ground waste PET in proportions of 4 to 20% at a step of 4% by the weight of natural sand whereas other concrete constituents (cement, granite, water-cement ratio and superplasticizer) were kept constant. A Grade M40 concrete with a mix proportion of 1:1:2:0.35 (cement: sand: granite: water-to-cement ratio) was used for all concrete mixes.  Concrete without PET represents the control. Fresh (Slump) and hardened (compressive, split tensile and flexural) properties of the produced concrete were assessed using standard testing methods. The results showed that the slump of concrete decreased by 1.8% and 12.5% with an increase in PET content from 0 to 20%. The 28-day compressive strength of concrete containing PET was lower than the control. However, concrete with 4% PET compared considerably well with control with the compressive strength value exceeding the target strength of 40 N/mm2 while concretes containing PET beyond 4% had compressive strength below the target strength. The split tensile strength of concrete containing 4% PET was higher than that of the control but exhibited lower flexural strength than the control at the age of 28 days. It was concluded that the reuse of PET as a substitute for natural sand as an alternative waste disposal solution for eco-friendly concrete development and attainment of a pollution-free environment is viable.

scholarly journals Influence of cement replacement with limestone filler on the properties of concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Ksenija Tešić ◽  
Snežana Marinković ◽  
Aleksandar Savić
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Limestone Filler ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

This paper presents an experimental research of one type of green concrete in which Portland cement was replaced with two types of limestone filler of the same origin and mineralogical composition, but with a different fineness of particles. Ten concrete mixtures were designed in which 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% (by mass) of cement were replaced with filler. The water to cement ratio for each mixture was constant (w/c=0.54), and the water to powder ratio was decreasing with increasing cement replacement. Particle size distribution was selected using Funk and Dinger, as well as using Fuller's model. The results showed that it is possible to increase the compressive strength of concrete by reducing 45% of cement, but further research should be focused on improving the workability.

scholarly journals Influence of Mortar Incorporating Silica Based Waste Material on the Formation of C-S-H and Mechanical Strength Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisa Tamanna ◽  
Norsuzailina Mohamed Sutan ◽  
Ibrahim Yakub ◽  
Delsye Teo Ching Lee ◽  
Ezzaq Farhan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrate ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement

Recent studies have been carried out to utilize waste glass in construction as partial cement replacement. This paper investigates the formation of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) and strength characteristics of mortar in which cement is partially replaced with glass powder by replacement level of 10%, 20% and 30%. Mortar cubes containing varying particle sizes in the ranges of 150-75μm, 63-38 μm and lower than 38 μm and in a water to cement ratio of 0.45 and 0.40 have been prepared. Replacement by 10% cement with glass powder reveals high compressive strength and produces more C-S-H at 28 days than other levels of replacement.

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