scholarly journals Phytomediated Biostimulation of the Autochthonous Bacterial Community for the Acceleration of the Depletion of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Sediments

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Di Gregorio ◽  
Alessandro Gentini ◽  
Giovanna Siracusa ◽  
Simone Becarelli ◽  
Hassan Azaizeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dredged Sediments ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic contaminants causing hazards to organisms including humans. The objective of the study was to validate the vegetation of dredged sediments withPhragmites australisas an exploitable biostimulation approach to accelerate the depletion of PAHs in nitrogen spiked sediments. Vegetation withPhragmites australisresulted in being an efficient biostimulation approach for the depletion of an aged PAHs contamination (229.67±15.56 μg PAHs/g dry weight of sediment) in dredged sediments.Phragmites australisaccelerated the oxidation of the PAHs by rhizodegradation. The phytobased approach resulted in 58.47% of PAHs depletion. The effects of the treatment have been analyzed in terms of both contaminant depletion and changes in relative abundance of the metabolically active Gram positive and Gram negative PAHs degraders. The metabolically active degraders were quantified both in the sediments and in the root endospheric microbial community. Quantitative real-time PCR reactions have been performed on the retrotranscribed transcripts encoding the Gram positive and Gram negative largeαsubunit (RHDα) of the aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenases. The Gram positive degraders resulted in being selectively favored by vegetation withPhragmites australisand mandatory for the depletion of the six ring condensed indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene.

scholarly journals Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Moderately Halophilic Bacteria from Luzon Salt Beds

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Nanca ◽  
Kimberly D. Neri ◽  
Anna Christina R. Ngo ◽  
Reuel M. Bennett ◽  
Gina R. Dedeles
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental contaminants which are highly toxic due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. They are released into the environment by incomplete combustion of solid and liquid fuels, accidental spillage of oils and seepage from industrial activities. One of the promising processes mitigating PAHs is through biodegradation. However, conventional microbiological treatment processes do not function well at high salt concentrations. Hence, utilization of halophilic bacteria should be considered. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the ability of halophilic bacteria isolated from local salt beds in Pangasinan and Cavite, the Philippines, to degrade PAHs pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene. Methods. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-tolerant halophilic bacteria collected from two sampling sites were phenotypically characterized, molecularly identified and tested to determine their potential to degrade the PAHs pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene at a hypersaline condition. Best PAH degraders were then assayed to identify the optimal degradation using such parameters as pH, temperature and PAH concentration. Testing for enzyme degradation was also done to determine their baseline information. Extraction and analysis of degraded PAHs were performed using centrifugation and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Results. Twelve isolates from both collection sites tolerated and grew in culture with selected PAHs. These were identified into four genera (Halobacillus, Halomonas, Chromohalobacter, and Pontibacillus). Selected best isolates in a series of biodegradation assays with the above-mentioned parameters were Halobacillus B (Collection of Microbial Strains (CMS) 1802) (=trueperi) (Gram-positive) for pyrene and fluoranthene, and Halomonas A (CMS 1901) (Gram-negative) for fluorene. Degrader biomass and PAH degradation were invariably negatively correlated. Qualitative tests with and without peptone as a nitrogen source implied enzymatic degradation. Discussion. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons utilized by these halophilic bacteria served as a sole source of carbon and energy. Implications of biodegradation of the two best isolates show that high molecular weight (HMW) (4-ring) pyrene tends to be degraded better by Gram-positive bacteria and low molecular weight (3-ring) fluorene by Gram-negative degraders. Conclusions. Halophilic bacteria constitute an untapped natural resource for biotechnology in the Philippines. The present study demonstrated their potential use in bioremediation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons in the environment. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS AND TYPHA DOMINGENSIS ROOTS IN REMEDIATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS)FROM FRESHWATER SEDIMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Typha Domingensis ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Whole Plants

This study had been conducted to quantify the concentrations of PAHs compounds in the roots of Phragmites australis[Cav.] Trin. ex Steudel) and Typha domingensis Pers. and to assess their efficiency in remediation of these pollutants from the sediment of fresh water sediment in Hilla, Daghara and Diwaniyah River. Samples (whole plants) were collected from the selective sites, seasonally during 2011-2012. Results showed the efficiency of Phragmites australis and  Typha domingensis roots in the accumulation of HMW-PAHs, which were recorded (69.9 and 35.67 ng.g-1  dry weight DW) during winter and spring whereas these values were (21.8 and 38.7 ng.g-1 ) in shoots samples during the summer and autumn for both plants respectively. In contrast, LMW-PAHs compounds were not detected in some seasons and sites whereas they were recorded (4.22 and 22.1 ng.g-1) during autumn and spring at Diwaniyah and Hilla River in root samples of both plants respectively. High value of root concentration factor (RCF) had been recorded for HMW (11.7 and 4.46) during the summer at Diwaniyah and Daghara Rivers whereas low value was detected to LMW (0.38 and 0.94) during the summer at Diwaniyah River St.4 and St.5 for both plants respectively. Values of translocation factor were recorded (0.62 and 16.7) of LMW-PAHs for both plants respectively, during spring whereas low factors were recorded (0.03 and 0.1) during summer in both plants. Current study manifested that P. australis and T. domngnesis were effective in dissipation of PAHs from sediment by the accumulation of HMW-PAHs and dissipation of LMW-PAHs in the roots. Accordingly, these aquatic plants might be useful in evaluating biodegradation of PAHs in freshwater sediment.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments of the Brisbane River (Australia) – Preliminary Results

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Kayal ◽  
D. W. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Results of the analysis of twenty-three composite sediment samples revealed that PAHs are widely distributed in the Brisbane River estuary. Mean concentrations for individual compounds, on a dry weight basis, ranged from 0.03 µg/g for dibenz [ah] anthracene to 2.34 µg/g for fluoranthene. Observed PAH assemblages were rich in compounds having pyrolytic origins. However, the presence of petroleum derived compounds was indicative of the importance of petroleum as a PAH source in the estuary. Petroleum refineries, a coal loading terminal and a major treated sewage outfall located at the mouth were not indicated as major contributing sources of PAH pollution in the estuary.

scholarly journals Tracing historical changes, degradation, and original sources of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jilin Province, China, by Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Xiangzi Jin ◽  
Han Yeong Kaw ◽  
Zakia Fatima ◽  
Maurizio Quinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Due to their wide distribution and availability, plant leaves can be considered interesting candidates as biomonitoring substrates for the evaluation of atmospheric pollution. In addition, some species can also retain historical information, for example, related to environmental pollution, due to their leaf class age. In this study, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle samples in function of their class age has been investigated to obtain information regarding the degradation constant for each PAH under investigation (α values ranging from 0.173 to 1.870) and to evaluate the possibility to correlate the presence of PAHs in needles with some important pollution environmental factors. Considering air pollutant variables registered in Jilin Province, significant correlations (at 95% confidence level) have been found between coal consumption per year and anthracene contents in needles, while fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene resulted correlated with coal consumption. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the total PAH concentration in needles, for both species, increased with their age (from 804 to 3604 ng g− 1 dry weight), showing a general tendency to accumulate these substances through years. PAH degradation rates increased instead with molecular complexity. This study could be considered a first trial to obtain historical environmental information by pine needles biomonitoring.

scholarly journals Tracing historical changes, degradation, and original sources of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jilin Province, China, by Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Xiangzi Jin ◽  
Han Yeong Kaw ◽  
Zakia Fatima ◽  
Maurizio Quinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Due to their wide distribution and availability, plant leaves can be considered interesting candidates as biomonitoring substrates for the evaluation of atmospheric pollution. In addition, some species can also retain historical information, for example, related to environmental pollution, due to their leaf class age. In this study, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle samples in function of their class age has been investigated to obtain information regarding the degradation constant for each PAH under investigation (α values ranging from 0.173 to 1.870) and to evaluate the possibility to correlate the presence of PAHs in needles with some important pollution environmental factors. Considering air pollutant variables registered in Jilin Province, significant correlations (at 95% confidence level) have been found between coal consumption per year and anthracene contents in needles, while fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene resulted correlated with coal consumption. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the total PAH concentration in needles, for both species, increased with their age (from 804 to 3604 ng g− 1 dry weight), showing a general tendency to accumulate these substances through years. PAH degradation rates increased instead with molecular complexity. This study could be considered a first trial to obtain historical environmental information by pine needles biomonitoring.

Groundwater Contamination by Detergents and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons – A Global Problem of Organic Contaminants: Is the Solution Locally Specific?

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Zoller
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The ever-increasing demand of our technological society has generated a global problem of groundwater pollution by man-made products and/or their metabolites. The penetration of detergents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) originating from anthropogenic sources constitutes a major issue of environmental and health concern. In Israel, the concentrations of nonbiodegradable nonionic detergents in sewage influents, effluents, and water wells were found to be in the range of 1-2.60, 0.25-0-50 and 0.12-0.78 mg/liter respectively. These results translate the global problem of groundwater pollution into the local problem of groundwater contaminated by synthetic detergents with all the environmental, health, societal, technological, economic and political issues involved. The respective base-line data concerning PAHs is not available as yet. Although some of the solutions are locally specific they cannot be applied independently of what is being done in this respect worldwide. The long-term solution requires international cooperation and collaboration.

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