Influence of Submicron Particles on Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Precipitation. 2. Scavenging of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Rain

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne L. Poster ◽  
Joel E. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Groundwater Contamination by Detergents and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons – A Global Problem of Organic Contaminants: Is the Solution Locally Specific?

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Zoller
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Global Problem ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The ever-increasing demand of our technological society has generated a global problem of groundwater pollution by man-made products and/or their metabolites. The penetration of detergents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) originating from anthropogenic sources constitutes a major issue of environmental and health concern. In Israel, the concentrations of nonbiodegradable nonionic detergents in sewage influents, effluents, and water wells were found to be in the range of 1-2.60, 0.25-0-50 and 0.12-0.78 mg/liter respectively. These results translate the global problem of groundwater pollution into the local problem of groundwater contaminated by synthetic detergents with all the environmental, health, societal, technological, economic and political issues involved. The respective base-line data concerning PAHs is not available as yet. Although some of the solutions are locally specific they cannot be applied independently of what is being done in this respect worldwide. The long-term solution requires international cooperation and collaboration.

scholarly journals Phytomediated Biostimulation of the Autochthonous Bacterial Community for the Acceleration of the Depletion of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Sediments

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Di Gregorio ◽  
Alessandro Gentini ◽  
Giovanna Siracusa ◽  
Simone Becarelli ◽  
Hassan Azaizeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dredged Sediments ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic contaminants causing hazards to organisms including humans. The objective of the study was to validate the vegetation of dredged sediments withPhragmites australisas an exploitable biostimulation approach to accelerate the depletion of PAHs in nitrogen spiked sediments. Vegetation withPhragmites australisresulted in being an efficient biostimulation approach for the depletion of an aged PAHs contamination (229.67±15.56 μg PAHs/g dry weight of sediment) in dredged sediments.Phragmites australisaccelerated the oxidation of the PAHs by rhizodegradation. The phytobased approach resulted in 58.47% of PAHs depletion. The effects of the treatment have been analyzed in terms of both contaminant depletion and changes in relative abundance of the metabolically active Gram positive and Gram negative PAHs degraders. The metabolically active degraders were quantified both in the sediments and in the root endospheric microbial community. Quantitative real-time PCR reactions have been performed on the retrotranscribed transcripts encoding the Gram positive and Gram negative largeαsubunit (RHDα) of the aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenases. The Gram positive degraders resulted in being selectively favored by vegetation withPhragmites australisand mandatory for the depletion of the six ring condensed indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene.

scholarly journals Development of method of isolation and purification of PAHs from exposed semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) prior to GC-MS analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Klučárová ◽  
Eva Benická ◽  
Branislav Vrana
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane Devices ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Surface water pollution by organic contaminants was investigated using passive sampling by semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), based on free transfer of analyte (diffusion) from water into receiving phase of sampler. The work was aimed at isolation method of contaminants from passive samplers extracts and instrumental analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Gel permeation chromatography after silica gel sample cleanup was used as a method for cleaning the extracts of passive samplers from interfering Triolein, the receiving phase in the samplers. The efficiency of isolation and cleaning was determined for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a target group of contaminants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in the obtained fraction by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

Multiresidue Analysis of Insecticides and Other Selected Environmental Contaminants in Poultry Manure by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 978-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Aznar ◽  
Beatriz Albero ◽  
Consuelo Sánchez-Brunete ◽  
Esther Miguel ◽  
José L Tadeo
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Multiresidue Analysis ◽  
Modified Quechers ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination in poultry manure of 41 organic contaminants belonging to different chemical classes: pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Poultry manure was extracted with a modified QuEChERS method, and the extracts were analyzed by isotope dilution GC/MS. Recovery of these contaminants from samples spiked at levels ranging from 25 to 100 ng/g was satisfactory for all the compounds. The developed procedure provided LODs from 0.8 to 9.6 ng/g. The analysis of poultry manure samples collected on different farms confirmed the presence of some of the studied contaminants. Pyrethroids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were the main contaminants detected. DDT and its metabolite DDE were also found but at relatively low concentrations.

Comparing bulk extraction methods for chemically available polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with bioaccumulation in worms

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickael Barthe ◽  
Émilien Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Lumbriculus Variegatus ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Solid Liquid

Environmental context. Determining the bioavailability of organic contaminants in sediments is a critical step in assessing the ecological risks of contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Standardised sediment bioaccumulation tests using benthic organisms are often performed to determine the relative bioavailability of sediment contamination. Unfortunately biological methods are time consuming, expensive and organisms are often difficult to maintain in good health in a laboratory exposure system. Contradictory results have been reported in the last decade and factors that affect the behaviour of extractants need to be examined for a large range of sediments. A study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment using worms and to compare the uptake by the biological samplers with mild solid/liquid extractions when exposed to unspiked low and highly contaminated marine and freshwater sediments. Abstract. The purpose of this study is to evaluate different techniques for assessing the availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated sediments. This goal was achieved by comparing results from 28-day uptake experiments by Nereis virens and Lumbriculus variegatus with PAHs extracted by three non-exhaustive extraction methods using: n-Butanol (BuOH, 100%), an aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and a surfactant solution of Brij700 (B700). Our results highlight the importance of considering both the PAH level in sediments and the molecular size of PAHs when attempting to predict their bioaccumulation in a biological sampler like worms using a solid/liquid extraction method. The surfactant B700 solution was quite successful to predict PAH bioaccumulation when exposed to unspiked highly contaminated sediments (25–5700 μg g–1). When low contaminated sediments (0.06–11 μg g–1) were used, HPCD and BuOH were better extractants for estimating bioaccumulation whereas B700 appeared to be too mild an extractant for most samples. Our results illustrate the interest and difficulties in finding an adequate chemical predictor for PAH bioavailabilty, particularly because PAH concentrations and sequestration processes play a determining role in the quality of results. Because B700 is not expansive and extraction solutions are easy to prepare, an extraction procedure involving this surfactant is proposed as a reliable predictor for aged highly contaminated sediments.

scholarly journals Microsilica-Cement Stabilization of Organic Contaminated Soil: Leaching Behaviour of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Ahmadi ◽  
Saeid Gitipour ◽  
Samaneh Marzani ◽  
Nasser Mehrdadi
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Leaching Behaviour ◽  
Cement Stabilization ◽  
Positive Effect

In this study, Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil were collected from Ray Petrochemical industry and treated by Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) which is an effective technique for reducing the leachability of contaminants in soils. Since organic compounds interfere with cement hydration process, S/S technology will have difficulties while trying to immobilize organic contaminants. The treatment process was conducted using Portland Cement (PC) as the main binder and Microsilica (MS) as an additive to improve the effect of PC in immobilization of organic contaminants. Specimens were divided in two groups with constant cement percentage of 25% and 35%. Each group were again divided to three subgroups with 0%, 4% and 8% of MS. The efficiency of using MS in leaching behaviour of S/S samples was assessed by toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Lowest leach percentage of 14.66% for total PAHs in the paste contained 25% of cement and 8% of MS were obtained. The results indicated that the presence of MS in cement pastes had positive effect on reduction in concentration of contaminant in leachate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document