scholarly journals The Biological Effects of Combining Metals in a Posterior Spinal Implant: In Vivo Model Development Report of the First Two Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Farnsworth ◽  
Peter O. Newton ◽  
Eric Breisch ◽  
Michael T. Rohmiller ◽  
Jung Ryul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Spinal Instrumentation ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Particle Count ◽  
Spinal Implant

Study Design. Combinations of metal implants (stainless steel (SS), titanium (Ti), and cobalt chrome (CC)) were placed in porcine spines. After 12 months, tissue response and implant corrosion were compared between mixed and single metal junctions. Objective. Model development and an attempt to determine any detriment of combining different metals in posterior spinal instrumentation. Methods. Yucatan mini-pigs underwent instrumentation over five unfused lumbar levels. A SS rod and a Ti rod were secured with Ti and SS pedicle screws, SS and Ti crosslinks, SS and CC sublaminar wires, and Ti sublaminar cable. The resulting 4 SS/SS, 3 Ti/Ti, and 11 connections between dissimilar metals per animal were studied after 12 months using radiographs, gross observation, and histology (foreign body reaction (FBR), metal particle count, and inflammation analyzed). Results. Two animals had constructs in place for 12 months with no complications. Histology of tissue over SS/SS connections demonstrated 11.1 ± 7.6 FBR cells, 2.1 ± 1.7 metal particles, and moderate to extensive inflammation. Ti/Ti tissue showed 6.3 ± 3.8 FBR cells, 5.2 ± 6.7 particles, and no to extensive inflammation (83% extensive). Tissue over mixed components had 14.1 ± 12.6 FBR cells and 13.4 ± 27.8 particles. Samples surrounding wires/cables versus other combinations demonstrated FBR (12.4 ± 13.5 versus 12.0 ± 9.6 cells, P = 0.96), particles (19.8 ± 32.6 versus 4.3 ± 12.7, P = 0.24), and inflammation (50% versus 75% extensive, P = 0.12). Conclusions. A nonfusion model was developed to study corrosion and analyze biological responses. Although no statistical differences were found in overlying tissue response to single versus mixed metal combinations, galvanic corrosion between differing metals is not ruled out. This pilot study supports further investigation to answer concerns when mixing metals in spinal constructs.

scholarly journals Lignans from Bursera fagaroides Affect In Vivo Cell Behavior by Disturbing the Tubulin Cytoskeleton in Zebrafish Embryos

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Antúnez-Mojica ◽  
Andrés Rojas-Sepúlveda ◽  
Mario Mendieta-Serrano ◽  
Leticia Gonzalez-Maya ◽  
Silvia Marquina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Microtubule Cytoskeleton ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation

By using a zebrafish embryo model to guide the chromatographic fractionation of antimitotic secondary metabolites, seven podophyllotoxin-type lignans were isolated from a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the steam bark of Bursera fagaroides. The compounds were identified as podophyllotoxin (1), β-peltatin-A-methylether (2), 5′-desmethoxy-β-peltatin-A-methylether (3), desmethoxy-yatein (4), desoxypodophyllotoxin (5), burseranin (6), and acetyl podophyllotoxin (7). The biological effects on mitosis, cell migration, and microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling of lignans 1–7 were further evaluated in zebrafish embryos by whole-mount immunolocalization of the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3 and by a tubulin antibody. We found that lignans 1, 2, 4, and 7 induced mitotic arrest, delayed cell migration, and disrupted the microtubule cytoskeleton in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, microtubule cytoskeleton destabilization was observed also in PC3 cells, except for 7. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the cytotoxic activity of 1, 2, and 4 is mediated by their microtubule-destabilizing activity. In general, the in vivo and in vitro models here used displayed equivalent mitotic effects, which allows us to conclude that the zebrafish model can be a fast and cheap in vivo model that can be used to identify antimitotic natural products through bioassay-guided fractionation.

Comprehensive Identification of Tibiofemoral Joint Anatomy and Mechanical Response: Pathway to Multiscale Characterization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehal Chokhandre ◽  
Craig Bennetts ◽  
Jason Halloran ◽  
Robb Colbrunn ◽  
Tara Bonner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Multiscale Mechanics ◽  
Human Knee Joint

The human knee joint is a complex multi-body structure, whose substructures greatly affect its mechanical response. An understanding of the multiscale mechanics of the joint is essential for the prevention and treatment of knee joint injuries and pathologies. Due to the limitations associated with in vivo experimentation, mechanical characterization of the knee joint has commonly relied on in vitro experimentation [1,2]. Predictive and descriptive studies of the mechanical function of the knee and its substructures have commonly employed computational modeling, in particular finite element (FE) analysis, which can be driven by experimental data. With the recent focus on the use of FE models of the knee joint for scientific and clinical purposes [3–5], data for model development, verification, and validation became increasingly important, especially when relying on FE analysis for decision making. An adequate representation of a joint not only depends on the specimen-specific anatomy but may also need to be informed by specimen-specific tissue properties for model development, and specimen-specific joint/tissue response to confirm model response.

scholarly journals Biological Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Polysaccharides in Aged Rat Using Global Proteomic Approach

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yook Lee ◽  
Sung-Won Kim ◽  
Soo-Hyun Youn ◽  
Sun Hee Hyun ◽  
Jong-Su Kyung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Cell Metastasis ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Much has been written on the physiological benefits of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG). Among its various components, ginsenosides have been widely investigated for their various pharmacological effects. However, polysaccharides are a major KRG component that has not received scrutiny similar to that of ginsenosides. The present study aims to fill that gap in the existing literature and to investigate the possible functions of polysaccharide in KRG. The researchers evaluated proteomic changes in non-saponin fractions with rich polysaccharides (NFP) in KRG. Based on the serum analysis, proteomics analysis of the liver and the spleen was additionally conducted to identify related functions. We validated the suggested functions of NFP with the galactosamine-induced liver injury model and the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression model. Then, we evaluated the antimetastatic potential of NFP in the lungs. Further proteomics analysis of the spleen and liver after ingestion confirmed functions related to immunity, cancer, hepatoprotection, and others. Then, we validated the suggested corresponding functions of the NFP in vivo model. NFP showed immune-enhancing effects, inhibited melanoma cell metastasis in the lung, and decreased liver damage. The results show that using the proteomic approach uncovers the potential effects of polysaccharides in KRG, which include enhancing the immune system and protecting the liver.

scholarly journals Assessment of the In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of an Anthocyanin-Rich Bilberry Extract Using the Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Ana M. González-Paramás ◽  
Virginia Brighenti ◽  
Laura Bertoni ◽  
Laura Marcelloni ◽  
Begoña Ayuda-Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Heat Shock Factor 1 ◽  
Formation Factor ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Bilberry Extract

Anthocyanins have been associated with several health benefits, although the responsible mechanisms are not well established yet. In the present study, an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) was tested in order to evaluate its capacity to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and resistance to thermally induced oxidative stress, using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. The assays were carried out with the wild-type N2 strain and the mutant strains daf-16(mu86) I and hsf-1(sy441), which were grown in the presence of two anthocyanin extract concentrations (5 and 10 μg/mL in the culture medium) and further subjected to thermal stress. The treatment with the anthocyanin extract at 5 μg/mL showed protective effects on the accumulation of ROS and increased thermal resistance in C. elegans, both in stressed and non-stressed young and aged worms. However, detrimental effects were observed in nematodes treated with 10 μg/mL, leading to a higher worm mortality rate compared to controls, which was interpreted as a hormetic response. These findings suggested that the effects of the bilberry extract on C. elegans might not rely on its direct antioxidant capacity, but other mechanisms could also be involved. Additional assays were performed in two mutant strains with loss-of-function for DAF-16 (abnormal DAuer Formation factor 16) and HSF-1 (Heat Shock Factor 1) transcription factors, which act downstream of the insulin/insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. The results indicated that the modulation of these factors could be behind the improvement in the resistance against thermal stress produced by bilberry anthocyanins in young individuals, whereas they do not totally explain the effects produced in worms in the post-reproductive development stage. Further experiments are needed to continue uncovering the mechanisms behind the biological effects of anthocyanins in living organisms, as well as to establish whether they fall within the hormesis concept.

Antibiofilm Activity of ZnO/Zeolite Nanocomposite (ZnO/ZeoNC) Against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Biocompatibility in animal model

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Partoazar ◽  
Fatemeh Rahmani Bideskan ◽  
Nasrin Takzaree ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Polyethylene Tube ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Sem Imaging

Background: Infectious diseases, whether intracellular or extracellular infections, biofilm-mediated, or medical device- associated have always been a global problem in public health causing millions of deaths each year. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of ZnO/ZeoNC against K. pneumoniae along with biocompatibility of nanocomposite in vivo model. Objective: The formation of biofilm by K. pneumoniae in the catheter-associated urinary tract causes a nosocomial infection. In this regard, antimicrobial nanomaterials have emerged as potent effective agents against biofilm formation. Nevertheless, nanoparticles have already been a challenge with possible side effects such as inflammation. The ZnO/ZeoNC may exhibit anti-biofilm property with minimal adverse effects. Methods: The biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae strains was exposed to ZnO/ZeoNC and then SEM imaging was performed for morphological investigation of bacteria in biofilm state. The quantity of mice tissue response to ZnO/ZeoNC embedded polyethylene tube also analyzed on the tissue of mice during the 30-day experiment. Results: The results of this study showed that ZnO/ZeoNC has the significant antibiofilm activity against K. pneumoniae strains in its sublethal doses. The ZnO/ZeoNC also caused deformation on K. pneumoniae biofilm. In addition, ZnO/ZeoNC also reduced inflammatory response in cell tissue of rats subjected to polyethylene tube. Conclusion: ZnO/ZeoNC can be used potentially against the infections due to K. pneumonia biofilm without irritability on the biotic surface such as urinary tract.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of Root Canal Sealers: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Afonso Fonseca ◽  
Anabela Baptista Paula ◽  
Carlos Miguel Marto ◽  
Ana Coelho ◽  
Siri Paulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Root Canal Sealers

(1) Aim: To perform a systematic review of the literature on the biocompatibility of root canal sealers that encompasses the various types of sealers that are commercially available as well as both in vitro and in vivo evidence. (2) Methods: This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (ID 140445) and was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies published between 2000 and 11 June 2019 that evaluated cytotoxicity (cell viability/proliferation) and biocompatibility (tissue response) of root canal sealers were included. (3) Results: From a total of 1249 studies, 73 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies were included. In general, studies suggest that root canal sealers elicit mild to severe toxic effects and that several factors may influence biocompatibility, e.g., material setting condition and time, material concentration, and type of exposure. Bioactive endodontic sealers seem to exhibit a lower toxic potential in vitro. (4) Conclusions: The available evidence shows that root canal sealers exhibit variable toxic potential at the cellular and tissue level. However, the methodological heterogeneity among studies included in this systematic review and the somewhat conflicting results do not allow a conclusion on which type of sealer presents higher biocompatibility. Further research is crucial to achieve a better understanding of the biological effects of root canal sealers.

scholarly journals Minor Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Liver and Kidney Damages via Downregulating Activation of TLR4-STAT1 and Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6656
Author(s):  
Diem Thi Ngoc Huynh ◽  
Naehwan Baek ◽  
Sohyun Sim ◽  
Chang-Seon Myung ◽  
Kyung-Sun Heo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Ginsenosides have been reported to have various biological effects, such as immune regulation and anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of a combination of Rg2 and Rh1, which are minor ginsenosides, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation. In vitro experiments were performed using the RAW264.7 cell line, and an in vivo model of inflammation was established using LPS-treated ICR mice. We employed Griess assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate the effect of Rg2 and Rh1. We found that Rg2 and Rh1 significantly decreased LPS-induced major inflammatory mediator production, inducible-nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitric oxide production in macrophages. Moreover, Rg2 and Rh1 combination treatment inhibited the binding of LPS to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on peritoneal macrophages. Therefore, the combination of ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 suppressed inflammation by abolishing the binding of LPS to TLR4, thereby inhibiting the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway. The combined ginsenoside synergistically blocked LPS-mediated PKCδ translocation to the plasma membrane, resulting in p38-STAT1 activation and NF-κB translocation. In addition, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-β, were significantly decreased by combined ginsenoside treatment. Notably, the 20 mg/kg ginsenoside treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced acute tissue inflammation levels in vivo, as indicated by the tissue histological damage scores and the levels of biochemical markers for liver and kidney function from mouse serum. These results suggest that the minor ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1 may play a key role in prevention of LPS-induced acute inflammation and tissue damage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Murine Model for Testing Antimicrobial Implant Materials in the Blood Circulation System

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Caroline Moerke ◽  
Marlen Kloss ◽  
Katharina Wulf ◽  
Sabine Illner ◽  
Sabine Kischkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Blood Circulation System ◽  
Antimicrobial Materials

Medical device-related infections are becoming a steadily increasing challenge for the health care system regarding the difficulties in the clinical treatment. In particular, cardiovascular implant infections, catheter-related infections, as well as infective endocarditis are associated with high morbidity and mortality risks for the patients. Antimicrobial materials may help to prevent medical device-associated infections and supplement the currently available therapies. In this study, we present an easy-to-handle and simplified in vivo model to test antimicrobial materials in the bloodstream of mice. The model system is composed of the implantation of a bacteria-laden micro-stent scaffold into the murine tail vein. Our model enables the simulation of catheter-related infections as well as the development of infective endocarditis specific pathologies in combination with material testing. Furthermore, this in vivo model can cover two phases of the biofilm formation, including both the local tissue response to the bacterial biofilm and the systemic inflammatory response against circulating bacteria in the bloodstream that detached from a mature biofilm.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Characterization and Biological Effects of Grape Pomace Extracts Supplementation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begoña Ayuda-Durán ◽  
Susana González-Manzano ◽  
Irene Gil-Sánchez ◽  
M. Moreno-Arribas ◽  
Begoña Bartolomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Maximum Protection ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was to evaluate the biological activity of four grape pomace (GP) extracts that are rich in polyphenols using C. elegans as an in vivo model. Different concentrations of the GP extracts were assessed for their effects on the resistance of C. elegans against thermally induced oxidative stress, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lifespan. The cultivation of C. elegans with relatively low concentrations of GP extracts increased their resistance against thermal stress and prolonged their lifespan, while high levels displayed detrimental effects. In the studied extracts, maximum protection was observed for levels of polyphenols around 7 to 9 µg gallic acid equivalents per cultivation plate. The obtained results suggested that small changes in the ROS levels could have beneficial effects, although further studies are required to fully understand the impact of the extracts and assayed doses on ROS levels to explain the mechanism that is involved in the observed effects.

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