Evaluation of a Murine Model for Testing Antimicrobial Implant Materials in the Blood Circulation System

Medical device-related infections are becoming a steadily increasing challenge for the health care system regarding the difficulties in the clinical treatment. In particular, cardiovascular implant infections, catheter-related infections, as well as infective endocarditis are associated with high morbidity and mortality risks for the patients. Antimicrobial materials may help to prevent medical device-associated infections and supplement the currently available therapies. In this study, we present an easy-to-handle and simplified in vivo model to test antimicrobial materials in the bloodstream of mice. The model system is composed of the implantation of a bacteria-laden micro-stent scaffold into the murine tail vein. Our model enables the simulation of catheter-related infections as well as the development of infective endocarditis specific pathologies in combination with material testing. Furthermore, this in vivo model can cover two phases of the biofilm formation, including both the local tissue response to the bacterial biofilm and the systemic inflammatory response against circulating bacteria in the bloodstream that detached from a mature biofilm.

A new classification of congenital abnormalities of UPVS: sonographic appearances, screening strategy and clinical significance

The umbilical–portal venous system (UPVS) plays an important role in embryonic development, as well as a significant blood circulation system to ensure the normal blood supply of fetal heart and brain and other vital organs. Congenital anomalies of UPVS contain many subtypes with a broad spectrum of manifestations and prognoses. Furthermore, because of fetal small lumen of UPVS, the sonographic evaluation remains difficult in utero. Appreciation of normal embryology and anatomy of UPVS is essential to an understanding of sonographic characteristics of anomalies of UPVS and fetal sequential changes. Through reviewing previous references and our experience with congenital abnormalities of UPVS, a new comprehensive classification is proposed. The new classification identifies three types of congenital abnormalities of UPVS based on morphological abnormalities and shunts. The embryology and etiology, sonographic, clinical and prognostic characteristics of each subtype of the new classification are described in detail. Knowledge of congenital abnormalities of UPVS can give sonographers a clue and aid prenatal sonographic diagnosis. The purpose of this article is to help the sonographers to understand the new classification of congenital abnormalities of UPVS, master the sonographic characteristics of each subtype and prenatal ultrasonographic screening strategy, and guide subsequent appropriate counseling and management.

Chitosan and Curcumin Nanoformulations against Potential Cardiac Risks Associated with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Wistar Male Rats

Nanoparticle-induced cardiovascular diseases have attracted much attention. Upon entering the blood circulation system, these particles have the potency to induce cardiomyocytes, leading to cardiac failure or myocardial ischemia, and the molecular mechanism remains to be completely clarified. In this study, the cardiac toxicity of rats orally exposed to hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNPs) has been observed through an increase in myocardial infarction serum markers including CK-MB and alterations in routine blood factors, expression of apoptosis-related protein P53, and increased levels of serum inflammatory markers represented by the tumor necrosis factor alpha and Interleukin-6, as well as a decline in heart antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione level, while an induction in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide has been observed, as well as notable histological and histochemical alterations in the heart of these animals. mRNA and protein expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were elevated in the myocardium. However, the coadministration of chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) and/or curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) successfully modulated these alterations and induced activation in antioxidant parameters. The present data suggest that HAPNPs-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway may play a crucial role in cardiac tissue damage and the early treatment with CsNPs and CurNPs may protect the heart from infarction induced by HAPNPs toxic effect.

Chlamydia spreads to the large intestine lumen via multiple pathways

Chlamydia in the genital tract is known to spread via the blood circulation system to the large intestinal lumen to achieve long-lasting colonization. However, the precise pathways for genital Chlamydia to access to the large intestinal lumen remain unclear. The spleen was recently reported to be critical for the chlamydial spreading. In the current study, it was found that following intravaginal inoculation with Chlamydia , mice with or without splenectomy both produced infectious Chlamydia in the rectal swabs, indicating that spleen is not essential for genital Chlamydia to spread to the gastrointestinal tract. This conclusion was validated by the observation that intravenously inoculated Chlamydia was also detected in the rectal swabs of mice regardless of splenectomy. Careful comparison of the tissue distribution of live chlamydial organisms following intravenous inoculation revealed redundant pathways for Chlamydia to reach the large intestine lumen. The intravenously inoculated Chlamydia was predominantly recruited to the spleen within 12h and then detected in the stomach lumen by 24h, the intestinal lumen by 48h and rectal swabs by 72h. These observations suggest a potential spleen-to-stomach pathway for hematogenous Chlamydia to reach the large intestine lumen. This conclusion was supported by the observation made in mice under coprophagy-free condition. However, in the absence of spleen, hematogenous Chlamydia was predominantly recruited to the liver and then simultaneously detected in the intestinal tissue and lumen, suggesting a potential liver-to-intestine pathway for Chlamydia to reach the large intestine lumen. Thus, genital/hematogenous Chlamydia may reach the large intestinal lumen via multiple redundant pathways.

Improvement of Learning Outcomes Theme Healthy Is Important Materials For The Human Blood Circulation System Through Project Based Learning (PJBL) Method In Class Va SDN Rejosari 03 Semarang City In 2020

<p><em>This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of the theme of healthy is important material for human blood circulation through the pjbl method in class VA students at SDN Rejosari 03 Semarang. The approach used in this research is classroom action research. The population in this study were students of class VA SD Negeri Rejosari 03 Semarang, totaling 27 students 11 boys and 16 girls. Data was collected by means of tests and observations. Tests are given to determine student learning outcomes, while observation aims to determine the difficulties experienced by students when solving problems given by the teacher. The conclusion of this study is that the learning outcomes of the healthy theme are important in the material of the human circulatory system through the pjbl method in class VA of SD Negeri Rejosari 03 Semarang, obtained in cycle 1 students who reached the KKM only found 15 from 27 students or 55.5% while cycle 2 students which reached the KKM as many as 25 from 27 students or 92.5%.</em></p>

STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF DENTOALVEOLAR ANOMALIES, INCLUDING DISTAL BITE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

В данной статье описывается изучение распространенности зубочелюстных аномалий, в том числе и дистального прикуса среди детей и подростков школьного возраста. В настоящее время широко распространены зубочелюстные аномалии, в том числе дистальный прикус среди детей и подростков. Зубочелюстные аномалии приводят к функциональной патологии морфологических нарушений челюстной области. Изменения возрастно увеличиваются и сопровождаются деформацией лицевой области черепа наряду с эстетическими отклонениями.У больных часто наблюдаются нарушения положения позвоночника,функциональные изменения в системе малого кровообращения и задержка психосомтического развития.Это говорит о ранних нарушениях профилактики и несвоевременном оказании ортодонтической,зубопротезной и комплексной медицинской помощи.В связи с этим важную роль играет эпидемиологическая ситуация по зубной аномалии. исполняют информацию. Диагноз дистальной окклюзии называется боковым сегментом верхнего зубного ряда, расположенным перед боковым сегментом нижнего зубного ряда и появлением между ними дистальной стадии. Лечение и прогноз дистальной окклюзии зубного ряда зависит от возраста больного и характера аномалии [1] The article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of dentition anomalies, including distal occlusion among children and adolescents of school age. Currently, dental anomalies, including distal bite, are widespread among children and adolescents. Dental anomalies lead to functional pathology of morphological disorders of the maxillary region. The changes increase with age and are accompanied by deformation of the facial region of the skull along with aesthetic deviations. Patients often have disorders of the spine position, functional changes in the small blood circulation system and delayed psychosomal development.It tells about the early breaches of the prevention of and untimely provision of orthodontic, prosthodontic and comprehensive medical care.In this regard, an important role is played by the epidemiological situation of dental anomalies. execute information. The diagnosis of distal occlusion is called the lateral segment of the upper dentition, located in front of the lateral segment of the lower dentition and the appearance of the distal stage between them. Treatment and prognosis of distal occlusion of the dentition depends on the patient's age and the nature of the anomalies [1].