scholarly journals Biological Effects of Korean Red Ginseng Polysaccharides in Aged Rat Using Global Proteomic Approach

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yook Lee ◽  
Sung-Won Kim ◽  
Soo-Hyun Youn ◽  
Sun Hee Hyun ◽  
Jong-Su Kyung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Cell Metastasis ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Much has been written on the physiological benefits of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG). Among its various components, ginsenosides have been widely investigated for their various pharmacological effects. However, polysaccharides are a major KRG component that has not received scrutiny similar to that of ginsenosides. The present study aims to fill that gap in the existing literature and to investigate the possible functions of polysaccharide in KRG. The researchers evaluated proteomic changes in non-saponin fractions with rich polysaccharides (NFP) in KRG. Based on the serum analysis, proteomics analysis of the liver and the spleen was additionally conducted to identify related functions. We validated the suggested functions of NFP with the galactosamine-induced liver injury model and the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression model. Then, we evaluated the antimetastatic potential of NFP in the lungs. Further proteomics analysis of the spleen and liver after ingestion confirmed functions related to immunity, cancer, hepatoprotection, and others. Then, we validated the suggested corresponding functions of the NFP in vivo model. NFP showed immune-enhancing effects, inhibited melanoma cell metastasis in the lung, and decreased liver damage. The results show that using the proteomic approach uncovers the potential effects of polysaccharides in KRG, which include enhancing the immune system and protecting the liver.

scholarly journals The Biological Effects of Combining Metals in a Posterior Spinal Implant: In Vivo Model Development Report of the First Two Cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Farnsworth ◽  
Peter O. Newton ◽  
Eric Breisch ◽  
Michael T. Rohmiller ◽  
Jung Ryul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Spinal Instrumentation ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Particle Count ◽  
Spinal Implant

Study Design. Combinations of metal implants (stainless steel (SS), titanium (Ti), and cobalt chrome (CC)) were placed in porcine spines. After 12 months, tissue response and implant corrosion were compared between mixed and single metal junctions. Objective. Model development and an attempt to determine any detriment of combining different metals in posterior spinal instrumentation. Methods. Yucatan mini-pigs underwent instrumentation over five unfused lumbar levels. A SS rod and a Ti rod were secured with Ti and SS pedicle screws, SS and Ti crosslinks, SS and CC sublaminar wires, and Ti sublaminar cable. The resulting 4 SS/SS, 3 Ti/Ti, and 11 connections between dissimilar metals per animal were studied after 12 months using radiographs, gross observation, and histology (foreign body reaction (FBR), metal particle count, and inflammation analyzed). Results. Two animals had constructs in place for 12 months with no complications. Histology of tissue over SS/SS connections demonstrated 11.1 ± 7.6 FBR cells, 2.1 ± 1.7 metal particles, and moderate to extensive inflammation. Ti/Ti tissue showed 6.3 ± 3.8 FBR cells, 5.2 ± 6.7 particles, and no to extensive inflammation (83% extensive). Tissue over mixed components had 14.1 ± 12.6 FBR cells and 13.4 ± 27.8 particles. Samples surrounding wires/cables versus other combinations demonstrated FBR (12.4 ± 13.5 versus 12.0 ± 9.6 cells, P = 0.96), particles (19.8 ± 32.6 versus 4.3 ± 12.7, P = 0.24), and inflammation (50% versus 75% extensive, P = 0.12). Conclusions. A nonfusion model was developed to study corrosion and analyze biological responses. Although no statistical differences were found in overlying tissue response to single versus mixed metal combinations, galvanic corrosion between differing metals is not ruled out. This pilot study supports further investigation to answer concerns when mixing metals in spinal constructs.

scholarly journals Lignans from Bursera fagaroides Affect In Vivo Cell Behavior by Disturbing the Tubulin Cytoskeleton in Zebrafish Embryos

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Antúnez-Mojica ◽  
Andrés Rojas-Sepúlveda ◽  
Mario Mendieta-Serrano ◽  
Leticia Gonzalez-Maya ◽  
Silvia Marquina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Microtubule Cytoskeleton ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation

By using a zebrafish embryo model to guide the chromatographic fractionation of antimitotic secondary metabolites, seven podophyllotoxin-type lignans were isolated from a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the steam bark of Bursera fagaroides. The compounds were identified as podophyllotoxin (1), β-peltatin-A-methylether (2), 5′-desmethoxy-β-peltatin-A-methylether (3), desmethoxy-yatein (4), desoxypodophyllotoxin (5), burseranin (6), and acetyl podophyllotoxin (7). The biological effects on mitosis, cell migration, and microtubule cytoskeleton remodeling of lignans 1–7 were further evaluated in zebrafish embryos by whole-mount immunolocalization of the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3 and by a tubulin antibody. We found that lignans 1, 2, 4, and 7 induced mitotic arrest, delayed cell migration, and disrupted the microtubule cytoskeleton in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, microtubule cytoskeleton destabilization was observed also in PC3 cells, except for 7. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the cytotoxic activity of 1, 2, and 4 is mediated by their microtubule-destabilizing activity. In general, the in vivo and in vitro models here used displayed equivalent mitotic effects, which allows us to conclude that the zebrafish model can be a fast and cheap in vivo model that can be used to identify antimitotic natural products through bioassay-guided fractionation.

Ginsenoside Rc from Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Attenuates Inflammatory Symptoms of Gastritis, Hepatitis and Arthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 595-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Man Hee Rhee ◽  
Jongsung Lee ◽  
Seung Hyung Kim ◽  
Yanyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ginsenoside Rc

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an herbal medicine prescribed worldwide that is prepared from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae). Out of ginseng’s various components, ginsenosides are regarded as the major ingredients, exhibiting anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Although recent studies have focused on understanding the anti-inflammatory activities of KRG, compounds that are major anti-inflammatory components, precisely how these can suppress various inflammatory processes has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to identify inhibitory saponins, to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the saponins, and to understand the inhibitory mechanisms. To do this, we employed in vitro lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages and in vivo inflammatory mouse conditions, such as collagen (type II)-induced arthritis (CIA), EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis. Molecular mechanisms were also verified by real-time PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and reporter gene assays. Out of all the ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rc (G-Rc) showed the highest inhibitory activity against the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], and interferons (IFNs). Similarly, this compound attenuated inflammatory symptoms in CIA, EtOH/HCl-mediated gastritis, and LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis without altering toxicological parameters, and without inducing gastric irritation. These anti-inflammatory effects were accompanied by the suppression of TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6 production and the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in mice with CIA. G-Rc also attenuated the increased levels of luciferase activity by IRF-3 and AP-1 but not NF-[Formula: see text]B. In support of this phenomenon, G-Rc reduced TBK1, IRF-3, and ATF2 phosphorylation in the joint and liver tissues of mice with hepatitis. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that G-Rc may be a major component of KRG with useful anti-inflammatory properties due to its suppression of IRF-3 and AP-1 pathways.

scholarly journals Protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhee Kim ◽  
Hyejin Lee ◽  
Ki Sung Kang ◽  
Kwang-Hoon Chun ◽  
Gwi Seo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng

IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EXPERIMENTAL EFFECT OF KOREAN RED GINSENG ON ERECTION

1999 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1508-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOUNG DEUK CHOI ◽  
KOON H.O. RHA ◽  
HYUNG K.I. CHOI
Keyword(s):  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Experimental Effect

The Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Bisphenol A-Induced Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Expression Changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (08) ◽  
pp. 1841-1858
Author(s):  
Joonwoo Park ◽  
KeunOh Choi ◽  
Jeonggeun Lee ◽  
Jong-Min Jung ◽  
YoungJoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Induced Changes

Bisphenol A (BPA), which is known to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is associated not only with estrogen activity and reproductive toxicity but also with a variety of metabolic disorders. BPA affects glucose tolerance, cholesterol biosynthesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Ginseng is a traditional medicinal plant that has been widely used in East Asia for more than 2000 years, and a number of health effects have been reported. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has also been shown to have effects on lipid metabolism and body weight reduction in vivo in obese mice. In this study, we administered BPA and KRG to ovariectomized (OVX) ICR mice. BPA (800 mg/kg/day) and KRG (1.2 g/kg/day) were orally administered to OVX mice for 3 days. KRG inhibited the increase in total fatty acid level by BPA as determined by lipid profiling in the liver of OVX mice. In addition, transcriptome analysis showed that KRG inhibited BPA-induced changes in lipid metabolic process-related genes. Our findings suggest that KRG can regulate BPA-induced changes in lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Assessment of the In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of an Anthocyanin-Rich Bilberry Extract Using the Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Ana M. González-Paramás ◽  
Virginia Brighenti ◽  
Laura Bertoni ◽  
Laura Marcelloni ◽  
Begoña Ayuda-Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Heat Shock Factor 1 ◽  
Formation Factor ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Bilberry Extract

Anthocyanins have been associated with several health benefits, although the responsible mechanisms are not well established yet. In the present study, an anthocyanin-rich extract from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) was tested in order to evaluate its capacity to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and resistance to thermally induced oxidative stress, using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. The assays were carried out with the wild-type N2 strain and the mutant strains daf-16(mu86) I and hsf-1(sy441), which were grown in the presence of two anthocyanin extract concentrations (5 and 10 μg/mL in the culture medium) and further subjected to thermal stress. The treatment with the anthocyanin extract at 5 μg/mL showed protective effects on the accumulation of ROS and increased thermal resistance in C. elegans, both in stressed and non-stressed young and aged worms. However, detrimental effects were observed in nematodes treated with 10 μg/mL, leading to a higher worm mortality rate compared to controls, which was interpreted as a hormetic response. These findings suggested that the effects of the bilberry extract on C. elegans might not rely on its direct antioxidant capacity, but other mechanisms could also be involved. Additional assays were performed in two mutant strains with loss-of-function for DAF-16 (abnormal DAuer Formation factor 16) and HSF-1 (Heat Shock Factor 1) transcription factors, which act downstream of the insulin/insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway. The results indicated that the modulation of these factors could be behind the improvement in the resistance against thermal stress produced by bilberry anthocyanins in young individuals, whereas they do not totally explain the effects produced in worms in the post-reproductive development stage. Further experiments are needed to continue uncovering the mechanisms behind the biological effects of anthocyanins in living organisms, as well as to establish whether they fall within the hormesis concept.

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