scholarly journals Antifungal activity of saponins originated from Medicago hybrida against some ornamental plant pathogens

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska ◽  
Anna Jarecka ◽  
Zbigniew Biały ◽  
Marian Jurzysta
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Medicagenic Acid ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

Antifungal activity of total saponins originated from roots of <i>Medicago hybrida</i> (Pourret) Trautv. were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> against six pathogenic fungi and eight individual major saponin glycosides were tested against one of the most susceptible fungi. The total saponins showed fungitoxic effect at all investigated concentrations (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) but their potency was different for individual fungi. The highest saponin concentration (0.1%) was the most effective and the inhibition of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>callistephi</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Botrytis tulipae</i>, <i>Phoma narcissi</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>narcissi</i> was 84.4%, 69.9%, 68.6%, 57.2%, 55.0%, respectively. While <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Schlecht., a pathogen of <i>Muscari armeniacum</i>, was inhibited by 9.5% only. Eight major saponin glycosides isolated from the total saponins of <i>M. hybrida</i> roots were tested against the mycelium growth of <i>Botrytis tulipae</i>. The mycelium growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited by hederagenin 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside. Medicagenic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid 3-O-[<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-<i>α</i>-L-galactopyranosyl]-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside showed low fungitoxic activity. Medicagenic acid 3-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl- 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hederagenin 3-O-[α-L- hamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]- 28-O-α-D-glucopyranoside and hederagenin 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D- lucopyranoside did not limit or only slightly inhibited growth of the tested pathogen. While 2<i>β</i>, 3<i>β</i>-dihydroxyolean-12 ene-23-al-28-oic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside slightly stimulated mycelium growth of <i>B. tulipae</i>.

scholarly journals Differential antifungal activity of alfalfa (Medicago santva L.) saponins originated from roots and aerial parts for some ornamental plant pathogens

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska ◽  
Marian Jurzysta ◽  
Zbigniew Biały
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Necrotic Spots

The total saponins isolated from aerial parts and roots of alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) at the concentration of 0,01%, 0,05% and 0,1% showed differential influence on the mycelium growth of <i>Alternaria zinniae, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Phoma narcissi, Phoma poolensis</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>. A higher inhibitory effect on in vitro growth of mycelium of all tested pathogens indicated saponins from roots of alfalfa than from aerial parts. Tested saponins from roots at lhe concentration of 0,1% totally inhibited linear growth of Phoma narcissi, and linear growth of <i>Alternaria zinniae</i> was limited about 67%, Botrytis cinerea about 74%, Botrytis tulipae about 68%, Phoma poolensis about 38%, and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> about 74% in comparison to the control. The saponins of alfalfa from roots at the concentration of 0,1% and 0,2% applied as preinoculation sprays evidently inhibited the development of <i>Phoma narcissi</i> on <i>Hippeastrum</i> leaves. This dose of aerial saponins of alfalfa did not effect the development of necrotic spots on the leaves.

scholarly journals Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9626
Author(s):  
Huiyu Hou ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Te Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of Schiff Bases of Inulin Bearing Pyridine ring

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijie Wei ◽  
Wenqiang Tan ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Yingqi Mi ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp.Niveum ◽  
Phomopsis Asparagi

As a renewable, biocompatible, and biodegradable polysaccharide, inulin has a good solubility in water and some physiological functions. Chemical modification is one of the important methods to improve the bioactivity of inulin. In this paper, based on 6-amino-6-deoxy-3,4-acetyl inulin (3), three kinds of Schiff bases of inulin bearing pyridine rings were successfully designed and synthesized. Detailed structural characterization was carried out using FTIR, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Moreover, the antifungal activity of Schiff bases of inulin against three plant pathogenic fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum, and Phomopsis asparagi, were evaluated using in vitro hypha measurements. Inulin, as a natural polysaccharide, did not possess any antifungal activity at the tested concentration against the targeted fungi. Compared with inulin and the intermediate product 6-amino-6-deoxy-3,4-acetyl inulin (3), all the synthesized Schiff bases of inulin derivatives with >54.0% inhibitory index at 2.0 mg/mL exhibited enhanced antifungal activity. 3NS, with an inhibitory index of 77.0% exhibited good antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea at 2.0 mg/mL. The synthesized Schiff bases of inulin bearing pyridine rings can be prepared for novel antifungal agents to expand the application of inulin.

scholarly journals Ethylene Sensing and Gene Activation in Botrytis cinerea: A Missing Link in Ethylene Regulation of Fungus-Plant Interactions?

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Chagué ◽  
Levanoni-Visel Danit ◽  
Verena Siewers ◽  
Christian Schulze Gronover ◽  
Paul Tudzynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Mold Fungus ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Fungal Gene

Ethylene production by infected plants is an early resistance response leading to activation of plant defense pathways. However, plant pathogens also are capable of producing ethylene, and ethylene might have an effect not only on the plant but on the pathogen as well. Therefore, ethylene may play a dual role in fungus—plant interactions by affecting the plant as well as the pathogen. To address this question, we studied the effects of ethylene on the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea and the disease it causes on Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Exposure of B. cinerea to ethylene inhibited mycelium growth in vitro and caused transcriptional changes in a large number of fungal genes. A screen of fungal signaling mutants revealed a Gα null mutant (Δbcg1) which was ethylene insensitive, overproduced ethylene in vitro, and showed considerable transcriptional changes in response to ethylene compared with the wild type. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)-treated, ethylene-nonproducing N. benthamiana plants developed much larger necroses than ethylene-producing plants, whereas addition of ethylene to AVG-treated leaves restricted disease spreading. Ethylene also affected fungal gene expression in planta. Expression of a putative pathogenicity fungal gene, bcspl1, was enhanced 24 h after inoculation in ethylene-producing plants but only 48 h after inoculation in ethylene-nonproducing plants. Our results show that the responses of B. cinerea to ethylene are partly mediated by a G protein signaling pathway, and that ethylene-induced plant resistance might involve effects of plant ethylene on both the plant and the fungus.

scholarly journals Colloidal Silver Hydrogen Peroxide: New Generation Molecule for Management of Phytopathogens

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Hosapura Shekhararaju Mahesha ◽  
Jayasuvarnapura Umapathi Vinay ◽  
Medikeripura Rekhyanaik Ravikumar ◽  
Suryanarayana Visweswarashastry ◽  
Manikyanahalli Chandrashekhara Keerthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Average Size ◽  
New Generation

Plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are a significant threat to global commercial crop production resulting in increased cost of production, reduced crop establishment and productivity. An effort was made to study the antimicrobial activity of silver hydrogen peroxide (SHP) against selected plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria under in vitro conditions. Higher antibacterial activity of SHP was observed against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac; 39.67 mm), Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae (Xap; 39.00 mm), and Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs; 36.67 mm) at 500 ppm concentration. SHP was superior to streptocycline (500 ppm) against Xac (25.33 mm) and Xcp (22.67 mm) at 100 ppm. The soil-borne fungi viz., Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium solani failed to initiate mycelium growth on PDA at the concentration of 5000 ppm and above. The average size of SHP particles was 462 nm in diameter, and 73.40% of particles had the size of 378 nm, which reflects the particles present in SHP solution in the form of colloids. The effective doses (100–5000 ppm) did not show any phytotoxicity symptoms in plants, while leaf necrosis was noticed at 10,000 ppm after four days of application. SHP (≤5000 ppm) can be used to effectively manage both fungal and bacterial plant pathogens by a single application. Further field studies need to be conducted for validation and commercial use of SHP.

scholarly journals ANTAGONISTIC TEST OF RIAU LOCAL FUNGAL ISOLATES AGAINST SOME PATHOGENIC IN CULTIVATED PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Nia Safitri ◽  
Atria Martina ◽  
Rodesia Mustika Roza
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Tanaman budi daya merupakan tanaman yang sering diserang oleh cendawan pathogen, sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan populasi dan produksi tanaman. Pengendalian hayati dengan cendawan antagonis merupakan salah satu metode yang paling efektif dan lebih ramah lingkungan dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antagonis cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap beberapa cendawan patogen pada tanaman budi daya. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture menggunakan lima belas cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus dan Colletotrichum sansevieria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 memiliki aktivitas antagonis tertinggi dan isolat FER C1 serta isolat LLB07 hanya memiliki aktivitas antagonis yang tinggi dalam menekan pertumbuhan cendawan patogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselium F. oxysporum sebesar 85,30%, G. Philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%), dan C. sansevieria (100%). Isolat FER C1 hanya menghambat R. Microporus (50,39%) dan isolat LLB07 menghambat G. philippii (52,20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 merupakan cendawan uji yang terpilih sebagai cendawan antagonis, karena memiliki kemampuan daya hambat  >70%.Abstract Cultivated plants are often attacked by pathogenic fungi resulting in a decline of population and crop production. Biocontrol with antagonistic fungi is one of the most effective and environmentally friendly methods in suppressing the growth of plant pathogens. This study aims to examine the antagonistic activity of local isolates fungi Riau against some pathogenic fungi on cultivated plants. The antagonistic test was performed in vitro by dual culture method using fifteen local isolates fungal Riau against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus and Colletotrichum sansevieria. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate exhibited highest activites and  FER C1 and LLB07 isolates exhibited high activities suppressed the growth of the fungal pathogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate inhibited mycelial growth F. oxysporum (85.30%), G. philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%) and C. sansevieria (100%). FER C1 isolate only inhibited R. microporus (50.39%), and LLB07 isolate inhibited G. philippii (52.20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate is test isolates as fungal antagonistic.

In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Different Plant Hormones on the Growth and Toxicity of Nigrospora Spp. on Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Abass
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Mycelium Growth

Objective:The profound negative impact of chemical fungicides on human and animal health, as well as, the whole agroecosystem encouraged tremendous efforts to find alternative approaches to suppress the growth of plant pathogens.Method:Recently, plant hormones have been considered to reduce fungal severity. Five different plant hormones namely 2, 4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid); BAP (6- Benzylaminopurine); Dicamba (3,6- Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid, 3,6-Dichloro-o-anisic acid); IAA (Indole-2-acetic acid) and SA (Salicylic acid) were selected to examine their antifungal activity against the growth of two species of date palm fungal pathogenNigrosporaspp.Results:Results showed that SA at 50 ppm was sufficient to inhibit the mycelium growth ofN. oryzaecompletely, while withN. sphaerica; the treatments of 2, 4-D (40-50 ppm) and SA (40-50 ppm) led to similar complete inhibition results of mycelium growth. The data of BAP and IAA indicated no toxic effect toward mycelium growth of the pathogens. Similar trends of results have been obtained for phytotoxicity bioassay which performed on detached date palm leaves, 2, 4-D and SA at 30 ppm led to a complete inhibition for the production of toxins in the culture ofN. oryzaeandN. sphaerica.Conclusion:58% significant reduction in toxin production was obtained with Dicamba 30 ppm. Results presented here reveal the antifungal activity of different plant hormones inin vitroexperiments, and are important to examine their efficiency in farther field studies on date palm.

scholarly journals Isolation and Screening of Soil Chitinolytic Actinobacteria as the Anti-Fungal Producer of Plant Pathogens

Elkawnie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Risky Hadi Wibowo ◽  
Sipriyadi Sipriyadi ◽  
Nisa Rachmania Mubarik ◽  
Iman Rusmana ◽  
Maggy Thenawidjaya Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Gram Staining

Abstract: Chitinolytic actinobacteria are currently more widely used because of their ability as the biological control agents to the pathogenic fungi, especially in horticultural and plantation crops. This research was conducted to obtain isolates of chitinolytic soil actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of the rubber plant (Hevea brasiliensis) area in IPB University. Antifungal activities from these actinobacteria hopely able to inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi in Vitro on chitin agar media. Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii are used in the inhibition test of chitinolytic actinobacteria. The results successfully obtained 16 isolates of actinobacteria were grew on  Humic Acid Vitamin (HV) agar. It showed that six of 16 actinobacteria isolates were able to produce inhibition zones to the growth of hyphae of pathogenic fungi on potato dextrose agar (PDA). KK-15 and KK-07 isolates were able to produce the largest inhibition percentages in F. oxysporum and S. rolfsii. Based on the chitinolytic index (CI) values, KK-15 and KK-07 isolates produced CI values of 1.25 and 1.5, respectively. The morphological characteristics and Gram staining of both KK-15 and KK-07 isolates are closely relative with Streptomyces sp. Abstrak: Bakteri kitinolitik saat ini banyak diteliti karena kemampuannya sebagai agens pengendali hayati jamur patogen khususnya pada tanaman hortikultura dan perkebunan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan isolat-isolat bakteri kitinolitik asal tanah dari bagian perakaran tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis) di daerah perkebunan karet Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). Aktivitas antifungi dari bakteri ini diharapkan  mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur patogen tanaman secara in Vitro pada media agar-agar kitin. Fusarium oxysporum dan Sclerotium rolfsii digunakan dalam uji hambat aktinobakteri kitinolitik. Hasil penelitian memperoleh 16 isolat aktinobakteri berhasil diisolasi dengan menggunakan media agar-agar Humic Acid Vitamin (HV), dan dari 16 isolat tersebut, enam isolat mampu menghasilkan zona hambat terhadap pertumbuhan hifa dari kedua jamur patogen pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) secara in Vitro. Isolat KK-15 dan KK-07 mampu menghasilkan diameter hambatan terbesar pada jamur F. oxysporum dan S. rolfsii. Berdasarkan nilai index kitinolitik (IK), isolat KK-15 dan KK-07 menghasilkan nilai IK sebesar 1,25 dan 1,5 secara berurutan. Karakteristik morfologi dan pewarnaan Gram dari kedua isolat yaitu KK-15 dan KK-07 memiliki kedekatan dengan kelompok Streptomyces spp.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of Morinda citrifolia leaf extracts against Fusarium oxysporum

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Oktira Roka Aji ◽  
Yuni Rohmawati
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Negative Impacts

Fusarium oxysporum is an important disease that causes wilt disease in plants. Fungal pathogen control using synthetic fungicides can cause negative impacts on the environment. Morinda citrifolia is one of the herbs that is known for many benefits. M. citrifolia leaf contains anthraquinone which have potential as antifungal agents. In this study, in vitro anti-fungal assay was conducted against F. oxysporum to analyze the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of M. citrifolia leaves. In vitro evaluation was carried out using poisoned food technique at four different concentrations i.e., 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. The results showed concentration 60% gave the highest inhibitory effect (21,82%) on F. oxysporum mycelium growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document