scholarly journals Galling Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in China: Diversity and Host Specificity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ge-Xia Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Type Site ◽  
Aphid Feeding

Gall formation is an interesting plant response to aphid feeding. This paper presents a review of galling aphids in China. Altogether, 157 species and subspecies in ten families and subfamilies are found to induce galls on their host plants. As many as 39% species are endemic to China. The Eriosomatinae include the highest percentage of gall-inducing species. The great diversity of gall morphology may be described in terms of five characteristics: type, site, size, shape, and structure. The host association and host specificity of galling aphids are also discussed.

scholarly journals Understanding the Plant Aphid Interaction: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Waghmare Kranti ◽  
Ghayal Nivedita ◽  
Mahesh Shindikar
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Indirect Defense ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Strategic Ability ◽  
Genetically Engineered Crops ◽  
Plant Sap

The interaction between plant-aphid is phenomenal and complex. Aphids possess efficient mouthparts which feed on plant sap intensively. Adaptation to host plants and successful feeding is achieved through the strategic ability of aphids to reproduce sexually and asexually (parthenogenesis). Aphid infestation damages the plant in diverse ways and induces plant defense. Though plant elicit direct and indirect defense to resist aphid feeding, the effectiveness of plant resistance depends largely on the aphid infestation rate and quality of the host plant. To control aphid infestation and plant damage, dependency on insecticides is undesirable due to insecticidal resistance of aphids and environmental pollution. The approach towards the development of the genetically engineered crops which are aphid resistant can be the considerable potential to aphid control..

Reared parasitic wasps attacking hesperiids from Western Ghats (Kerala, India) with description of a new species of Dolichogenidea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a larval parasitoid of Thoressa evershedi (Evans) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3413 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANKITA GUPTA ◽  
KALESH. S
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
One New Species ◽  
A New Species

Eight species of parasitic wasps were bred from various stages of five species of hesperiids viz. Thoressa evershedi (Evans), Pelopidas mathias (Fabricius), Udaspes folus (Cramer), Borbo cinnara (Wallace) and Caltoris sp. inhabiting Western Ghats, Kerala, India. One new species, Dolichogenidea kunhi Gupta & Kalesh, is described and illustrated from Kerala, India, and its relationship with closely allied species is discussed. This new species was bred from parasitized larvae of Thoressa evershedi (Evans) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Microgastrinae braconid species, Apanteles javensis Rohwer and Cotesia erionotae (Wilkinson) were bred from parasitized larvae of P. mathias and U. folus respectively. Brachymeria habui Özdikmen (Chalcididae) was recorded from pupae of U. folus. Two hyperparasitoids, Eurytoma manilensis Ashmead (Eurytomidae) & Pediobius foveolatus (Crawford) (Eulophidae) were bred from larvae of B. cinnara. Egg parasitoid, Ooencyrtus papilionis Ashmead (Encyrtidae) and pupal parasitoid Brachymeria lasus (Walker) (Chacididae) was recorded from Caltoris sp. Information on the parasitoid distribution, brief diagnosis of each species with a habitus photograph for easy identification, host association, host caterpillars, caterpillar host plants, and taxonomic comments are provided.

Recent Advances in the Feeding and Nutrition of Aphids

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Auclair
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Successive Generations

AbstractSome recent developments on aphid digestive enzymes, aphid feeding and nutrition on host-plants, and on artificial media are briefly reviewed. A chemically defined diet, on which pea aphid life and reproduction can be sustained during two successive generations, is described. An important feature of this successful chemical diet concerns its amino acid composition, which was based on that of pea aphid blood and honeydew. An artificial feeding method for aphids divorced from their host-plants should prove a valuable tool in the study of the nutritional requirements and the intermediary metabolism of these insects, as well as in determining the influence of dietary constituents on polymorphism and in relation to the phenomena of plant resistance to aphids.

Separation of various Frankia strains in the Alnus and Elaeagnus host specificity groups using sugar analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. St-Laurent ◽  
J. Bousquet ◽  
L. Simon ◽  
M. Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Respective Host

To confirm the role of glycosides in the taxonomy of Frankia, 79 strains initially isolated from Alnus spp., Myrica spp., Comptonia sp., Elaeagnus spp., Shepherdia spp., and Hippophaë sp. host plants were tested for relative sugar content after 2 and 8 weeks of growth. Gas chromatography was used to separate the trimethylsilyl derivatives of sugars present in whole-cell hydrolysates of the Frankia strains; six sugars were quantitatively analyzed including 2-O-methyl-D-mannose, a sugar ubiquitous in the genus Frankia. The separation of the Frankia strains into their appropriate host specificity group (Alnus or Elaeagnus), based only on the sugar content, was achieved using statistical analyses of observations at 2 and 8 weeks. All statistical analyses correlated together and showed a significant separation between both host specificity groups. 2-O-Methyl-D-mannose, the concentration of which varied greatly between the Alnus and Elaeagnus host specificity groups, was the most discriminant sugar. Moreover, it was constant at both ages. From discriminant analysis, the separation of the various Frankia strains tested into their respective host specificity group was more precise at 2 weeks with a classification success of 97%, as compared with 78% at 8 weeks. The Myrica gale isolates that nodulated host plants from both host specificity groups were generally intermediate in their sugar content between the Alnus and Elaeagnus host specificity groups.

scholarly journals Glucosinolates from Host Plants Influence Growth of the Parasitic Plant Cuscuta gronovii and Its Susceptibility to Aphid Feeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Smith ◽  
Melkamu G. Woldemariam ◽  
Mark C. Mescher ◽  
Georg Jander ◽  
Consuelo M. De Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Cuscuta Gronovii

Host specificity and seed dispersal of Psittacanthus robustus (Loranthaceae) in south-east Brazil

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ferreira Monteiro ◽  
Rogério Parentoni Martins ◽  
Kikyo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Dispersal Agent ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTPsittacanthus robustus (Loranthaceae) is a Neotropical mistletoe which grows mainly on species of Vochysiaceae in Brazilian ‘cerrado’ regions. Its parasitizing pattern involves: (a) the height and the aspect of the crown of the host-plants; (b) the presence of sticky substance in the fruits of the parasite; and (c) the feeding behaviour and habitat selection of the dispersal agent, the swallowtanager Tersina viridis viridis. The feeding behaviour of this bird on fruits of P. robustus facilitates seed release and seedling establishment; its foraging habit and habitat selection account for high concentrations of the parasites on their preferred host-plants.

scholarly journals Host specificity and phytochemical constituents of mistletoe and twigs of parasitized plants: Implications for blanket application of mistletoe as cure-all medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
E.M. Isikhuemen ◽  
U. O. Olisaemeka ◽  
G. O. Oyibotie
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Laser Rangefinder ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Range Test

A study on host specificity and phytochemical constituents of leaves of mistletoe and parasitized twigs of seven host trees/shrubs was conducted in University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Plant height and location were measured with Nikon Laser Rangefinder (Forestry 550) and GPS respectively while occurrence and count of mistletoe on host plants was largely anecdotal/visual. Phytochemical analyses were conducted at Faculty of Agriculture Science/Soil Laboratory, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria while data were subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance and means separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (p=0.05). Results revealed mistletoe were largely generalists, and contained more phytochemicals than host plants. Tapinanthus ogowensis from Moringa oleifera was richest in alkaloid; Phragmanthera nigritana on Citrus sinensis, Tapinanthus ogowensis on Moringa oleifera and Phragmanthera capitata on Calliandra portoricensis recorded highest phenol content and differences among them were not significant (p<0.05). Phragmanthera capitata on Spondias mombin had significantly higher tannins than other mistletoe and host plants (p<0.05). P. capitata on S. mombin recorded best for saponin and flavonoid while P. capitata on Psidium guajava, Loranthus micranthus on Persia americana and P. capitata on C. portoricensis recorded more anthraquinone and were not  significantly different from each other p<0.05. While the marked variation in phytochemicals in leaves of mistletoe and twigs of host plants is noteworthy; the study sufficiently established that ecological idiosyncrasies, time/season and varied environmental phenomena strongly influence incidence and/or buildup of secondary metabolites. The foregoing should serve as benchmark in selection and/or use of mistletoe for resolving infirmities.

Gall Insect Menace in Eucalyptus

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357
Author(s):  
N. Roychoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Leptocybe Invasa ◽  
Gall Insect

Altogether about 920 species of insects recorded from Eucalyptus worldwide, about six species are gall insects. Of these, Leptocybe invasa, is a major nursery pest of Eucalyptus, exclusively responsible for gall formation in seedlings and saplings, including coppice shoots. The insect has threatened Eucalyptus propagation in nursery stage. The present paper has reviewed succinctly the insect pests of Eucalyptus with special emphasis on gall insect, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera : Eulophidae), its seasonal occurrence, nature of damage, host plants and description of gall insect, developmental stages of gall, natural enemies and management. The paper has highlighted the need for long term strategies to combat against this severe pest to prevent its spread.

scholarly journals Chemical and physiological changes caused by aphids feeding on their host plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Cichocka ◽  
Wojciech Goszczyński ◽  
Magdalena Lubiarz
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We present significant information about damage caused to plants by the feeding of piercing–sucking insects, based on the example of aphids. Research concerning the impact of aphids on their host plants was already being carried out in the 1950s in the 20th century, but it is still being undertaken as it is very important. Aphid feeding causes deformation of plant tissues, disorders in plant metabolism and changes in the amount of various compounds in plant tissues. Plant viruses are transmitted in aphid saliva.

scholarly journals The genus Euryparasitus in North America (Mesostigmata: Euryparasitidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1036 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS HAGELE ◽  
BRUCE KAUFMAN ◽  
JOHN O. WHITAKER ◽  
HANS KLOMPEN
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Free Margin ◽  
Association Pattern ◽  
Well Differentiated

The genus Euryparasitus in North America is revised on the basis of the deutonymphal instar. Four species are recognized, two previously described and two new. The four species fall into two easily recognizable groups. The first group, consisting of E. longicheta Bondartchuk & Buyakova and E. occidentalis n. sp., lacks barbed setae on the idiosoma and serrations on the anterior free margin of the gnathotectum, and shows a well differentiated acrotarsus on legs I. The second, consisting of E. calcarator (Banks) and E. maseri n. sp., has barbed setae on the idiosoma and serrations on the anterior margin of the gnathotectum, but lacks a well differentiated acrotarsus I. A key to the deutonymphs for the species of Euryparasitus and genera of Euryparasitidae in North America is provided. The host association pattern of Euryparasitus species appears to fit better with ecological than with host specificity.

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