scholarly journals Glucosinolates from Host Plants Influence Growth of the Parasitic Plant Cuscuta gronovii and Its Susceptibility to Aphid Feeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Smith ◽  
Melkamu G. Woldemariam ◽  
Mark C. Mescher ◽  
Georg Jander ◽  
Consuelo M. De Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Cuscuta Gronovii

scholarly journals Understanding the Plant Aphid Interaction: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Waghmare Kranti ◽  
Ghayal Nivedita ◽  
Mahesh Shindikar
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Indirect Defense ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Strategic Ability ◽  
Genetically Engineered Crops ◽  
Plant Sap

The interaction between plant-aphid is phenomenal and complex. Aphids possess efficient mouthparts which feed on plant sap intensively. Adaptation to host plants and successful feeding is achieved through the strategic ability of aphids to reproduce sexually and asexually (parthenogenesis). Aphid infestation damages the plant in diverse ways and induces plant defense. Though plant elicit direct and indirect defense to resist aphid feeding, the effectiveness of plant resistance depends largely on the aphid infestation rate and quality of the host plant. To control aphid infestation and plant damage, dependency on insecticides is undesirable due to insecticidal resistance of aphids and environmental pollution. The approach towards the development of the genetically engineered crops which are aphid resistant can be the considerable potential to aphid control..

Recent Advances in the Feeding and Nutrition of Aphids

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Auclair
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Successive Generations

AbstractSome recent developments on aphid digestive enzymes, aphid feeding and nutrition on host-plants, and on artificial media are briefly reviewed. A chemically defined diet, on which pea aphid life and reproduction can be sustained during two successive generations, is described. An important feature of this successful chemical diet concerns its amino acid composition, which was based on that of pea aphid blood and honeydew. An artificial feeding method for aphids divorced from their host-plants should prove a valuable tool in the study of the nutritional requirements and the intermediary metabolism of these insects, as well as in determining the influence of dietary constituents on polymorphism and in relation to the phenomena of plant resistance to aphids.

scholarly journals Cross-Species Translocation of mRNA from Host Plants into the Parasitic Plant Dodder

2006 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannine K. Roney ◽  
Piyum A. Khatibi ◽  
James H. Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Species Translocation

scholarly journals Mistletoe Contains Higher Secondary Metabolites Than the Host Plant at the Host-Parasite Interface: Insights From Tapinanthus Globiferus Collected In Enugu, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godswill Ajuziogu ◽  
G C Agbo ◽  
Reginald Njokuocha ◽  
Anthony Nweze ◽  
Eugene O Ojua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Respective Host

Abstract Background: This study aims at evaluating the phytochemicals composition at the host-parasite interfaces of parasitic plant Tapinanthus globiferus (mistletoe) and four host plants. Wood tissues of the hosts and the parasite at the host-parasite interface were collected and analyzed to determine the presence secondary metabolites. Results: The result showed that flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides were present in the plants and parasite samples. The results revealed higher concentration of flavonoids (P < 0.05) in the parasite of C. acuminata (1190.33 ± 48.23 mgQE/g) and P. macrophylla (1482.55 ± 31.35 mgQE/g) than in the host plant. Saponins was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the parasites as compared to their respective host. Conclusion: At the host-parasite interface, significantly higher phytochemicals in the wood portion of T. globiferus was observed as compared to the host plants wood; however, the variability in phytochemical content of T. globiferus is dependent on the host. Therefore, milestoe would be a better source of bioactive compounds with high medicinal values than their host plants if explored further.

scholarly journals Chemical and physiological changes caused by aphids feeding on their host plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Cichocka ◽  
Wojciech Goszczyński ◽  
Magdalena Lubiarz
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We present significant information about damage caused to plants by the feeding of piercing–sucking insects, based on the example of aphids. Research concerning the impact of aphids on their host plants was already being carried out in the 1950s in the 20th century, but it is still being undertaken as it is very important. Aphid feeding causes deformation of plant tissues, disorders in plant metabolism and changes in the amount of various compounds in plant tissues. Plant viruses are transmitted in aphid saliva.

scholarly journals Host-parasite tissue adhesion by a secreted type of β-1,4-glucanase in the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Kurotani ◽  
Takanori Wakatake ◽  
Yasunori Ichihashi ◽  
Koji Okayasu ◽  
Yu Sawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Tissue Adhesion ◽  
Plant Parasitism ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Shared Gene

AbstractTissue adhesion between plant species occurs both naturally and artificially. Parasitic plants establish intimate relationship with host plants by adhering tissues at roots or stems. Plant grafting, on the other hand, is a widely used technique in agriculture to adhere tissues of two stems. Here we found that the model Orobanchaceae parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum can be grafted on to interfamily species. To understand molecular basis of tissue adhesion between distant plant species, we conducted comparative transcriptome analyses on both infection and grafting by P. japonicum on Arabidopsis. Despite different organs, we identified the shared gene expression profile, where cell proliferation- and cell wall modification-related genes are up-regulated. Among genes commonly induced in tissue adhesion between distant species, we showed a gene encoding a secreted type of β-1,4-glucanase plays an important role for plant parasitism. Our data provide insights into the molecular commonality between parasitism and grafting in plants.

scholarly journals Nitrates increase abscisic acid levels to regulate haustoria formation in the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kokla ◽  
Martina Leso ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Jan Simura ◽  
Songkui Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Obligate Parasites ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
External Nutrient

Parasitic plants are globally prevalent pathogens that withdraw nutrients from their host plants using an organ known as the haustorium. Some, the obligate parasites are entirely dependent on their hosts for survival, whereas others, the facultative parasites, are independent of their hosts and infect depending on environmental conditions and the presence of the host. How parasitic plants regulate their haustoria in response to their environment is largely unknown. Using the facultative root parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum, we found that external nutrient levels modified haustorial numbers. This effect was independent of phosphate and potassium but nitrates were sufficient and necessary to block haustoria formation. Elevated nitrate levels prevented the activation of hundreds of genes associated with haustoria formation, downregulated genes associated with xylem development and increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA). Enhancing ABA levels independently of nitrates blocked haustoria formation whereas reducing ABA biosynthesis allowed haustoria to form in the presence of nitrates suggesting that nitrates mediated haustorial regulation in part via ABA production. Nitrates also inhibited haustoria formation and reduced infectivity of the obligate root parasite Striga hermonthica, suggesting a more widely conserved mechanism by which parasitic plants adapt their extent of parasitism according to nitrogen availability in the external environment.

scholarly journals Galling Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in China: Diversity and Host Specificity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ge-Xia Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Type Site ◽  
Aphid Feeding

Gall formation is an interesting plant response to aphid feeding. This paper presents a review of galling aphids in China. Altogether, 157 species and subspecies in ten families and subfamilies are found to induce galls on their host plants. As many as 39% species are endemic to China. The Eriosomatinae include the highest percentage of gall-inducing species. The great diversity of gall morphology may be described in terms of five characteristics: type, site, size, shape, and structure. The host association and host specificity of galling aphids are also discussed.

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