Interfacial Strength of Cathode Materials By Laser- Spallation Measurments

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewoo Shim ◽  
Hiromi Nakamura ◽  
Takahiro Ogawa ◽  
Vijay Gupta

A previously developed laser spallation technique to determine the tensile strength of thin film interfaces was successfully adopted to study the effect of microsurface roughness of titanium disks on the adhesion strength of mineralized bone tissue. The study demonstrated that mineralized tissue has about 25% higher interfacial strength when it is cultured on the acid-etched titanium surface than on its machined counterpart. Specifically, interfacial tensile strength of 179±4.4 MPa and 224±2.6 MPa were measured when the mineralized tissue was processed on the machined titanium and acid-etched titanium surfaces, respectively. Since in the laser spallation experiment, the mineralized tissue is pulled normal to the interface, this increase is attributed to the stronger interfacial bonding on account of higher surface energy associated with the acid-etched surface. This enhanced local chemical bonding further enhances the roughness-related mechanical interlocking effect. These two effects at very different length scales—atomic (enhanced bonding) versus continuum (roughness-related interlocking)—act synergistically and explain the widely observed clinical success of roughened dental implants.


Materials ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Hu ◽  
Junlan Wang ◽  
Zijian Li ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Yushan Yan

Nanoporous zeolite thin films are promising candidates as future low-k materials. During the integration with other semiconducting materials, the high stresses resulted from the synthesis process can cause the film to fracture or delaminate from the substrates. Evaluating the interfacial adhesion of zeolite thin films is very important in achieving high performance low-k materials. In this work, laser spallation technique is utilized to investigate the interfacial strength of zeolite thin films from three different synthesis processes. The preliminary results show that the fully crystalline zeolite thin films from hydro-thermal in-situ and seeded growth methods have a stronger interface than that from the spin-on process. Effort is also being made to compare the interfacial strength of the zeolite films between the two hydro-thermal methods. This is the first time that the interfacial strength of zeolite thin films is quantitatively evaluated. The results have great significance in the future applications of low-k zeolite thin films.


2002 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumendra N. Basu ◽  
Vijay K. Gupta

ABSTRACTThe effect of Y on the interfacial strength of the FeCrAl/sapphire system has been quantitatively measured by the laser-spallation technique in order to understand the ‘reactive element effect’. The presence of Y improved the interfacial strength of the FeCrAl/sapphire interface in the as-deposited state from 330±31 MPa to 686±36 MPa. However, after a high temperature anneal of 16 hours at 850°C, the interfacial strength of the Y-free samples increased to 545±68 MPa, while the interfacial strength of Y-containing sample decreased to 599±22 MPa. The increase in the interfacial strength of the Y-free films was attributed to an improvement in the crystalline quality of the interface. The decrease in interfacial strength of the annealed Y-containing film in spite of the improvement in the crystalline quality of the interface was attributed to the depletion of Y at the interface due to formation of Y2O3 precipitates, again consistent with the view that Y improves the strength of FeCrAl/sapphire interfaces significantly.


2005 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Hu ◽  
Junlan Wang ◽  
Zijian Li ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Yushan Yan

AbstractNanoporous zeolite thin films are promising candidates as future low dielectric constant (low-k) materials. During the integration process with other semiconductor materials, the residual stresses resulting from the synthesis processes may cause fracture or delamination of the thin films. In order to achieve high quality low-k zeolite thin films, the evaluation of the adhesion performance is important. In this paper, laser spallation technique is utilized to investigate the interfacial adhesion of zeolite thin film-Si substrate interfaces prepared using three different processes. The experimental results demonstrate that the nature of the deposition method has a great effect on the resulted interfacial adhesion of the film-substrate interfaces. This is the first time that the interfacial strength of zeolite thin films-Si substrates is quantitatively evaluated. The results have great significance in the future applications of low-k zeolite thin film materials.


Author(s):  
Vijay Gupta ◽  
Jun Tian ◽  
Cheryl Hartfield ◽  
Kejun Zeng ◽  
Cheng Chiu ◽  
...  

Abstract The continuing evolution of semiconductor packages to finer solder ball pitches, shrinking solder ball volume, and new solder materials, mandates the availability of methods to accurately assess solder joint reliability both at the component and at the board level. Many tests in use for this purpose cannot provide direct measurements of solder joint interfacial strength. This paper reports on the investigation of laser spallation for interfacial strength assessments and understanding of failure mechanisms on chip scale package (CSP) solder joints.


Author(s):  
Arun Raman ◽  
Jun Tian ◽  
Alfred A. La Mar ◽  
Shalabh Tandon

Laser spallation is a high strain rate adhesion measurement technique. Based on the principle of pulsed laser ablation, strain rates of the order of 105–106s−1 are achieved with laser spallation. At these strain rates, low strain rate losses such as due to plasticity or viscoelasticity get minimized and so the strength measurement from laser spallation will be close to the intrinsic strength of the interface. In addition, the high strain rates also enable an understanding of “shock” stress conditions. This work focuses on the application of laser spallation to understand two types of interfaces in flip chip microelectronic packages — BGA solder joints and copper-epoxy based dielectrics. The ability of laser spallation to differentiate samples on the basis of their adhesive strength is understood.


1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-403-C5-410
Author(s):  
A. A. SADEK ◽  
K. KUSUMOTO ◽  
M. USHIO ◽  
F. MATSUDA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Strauss ◽  
Lea de Biasi ◽  
A-Young Kim ◽  
Jonas Hertle ◽  
Simon Schweidler ◽  
...  

Measures to improve the cycling performance and stability of bulk-type all-solid-state batteries (SSBs) are currently being developed with the goal of substituting conventional Li-ion battery (LIB) technology. As known from liquid electrolyte based LIBs, layered oxide cathode materials undergo volume changes upon (de)lithiation, causing mechanical degradation due to particle fracture, among others. Unlike solid electrolytes, liquid electrolytes are somewhat capable of accommodating morphological changes. In SSBs, the rigidity of the materials used typically leads to adverse contact loss at the interfaces of cathode material and solid electrolyte during cycling. Hence, designing zero- or low-strain electrode materials for application in next-generation SSBs is desirable. In the present work, we report on novel Co-rich NCMs, NCM361 (60% Co) and NCM271 (70% Co), showing minor volume changes up to 4.5 V vs Li<sup>+</sup>/Li, as determined by <i>operando</i> X-ray diffraction and pressure measurements of LIB pouch and pelletized SSB cells, respectively. Both cathode materials exhibit good cycling performance when incorporated into SSB cells using argyrodite Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl solid electrolyte, albeit their morphology and secondary particle size have not yet been optimized.


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