An Understanding of the Mechanism That Promotes Adhesion Between Roughened Titanium Implants and Mineralized Tissue

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewoo Shim ◽  
Hiromi Nakamura ◽  
Takahiro Ogawa ◽  
Vijay Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Laser Spallation ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Etched Surface

A previously developed laser spallation technique to determine the tensile strength of thin film interfaces was successfully adopted to study the effect of microsurface roughness of titanium disks on the adhesion strength of mineralized bone tissue. The study demonstrated that mineralized tissue has about 25% higher interfacial strength when it is cultured on the acid-etched titanium surface than on its machined counterpart. Specifically, interfacial tensile strength of 179±4.4 MPa and 224±2.6 MPa were measured when the mineralized tissue was processed on the machined titanium and acid-etched titanium surfaces, respectively. Since in the laser spallation experiment, the mineralized tissue is pulled normal to the interface, this increase is attributed to the stronger interfacial bonding on account of higher surface energy associated with the acid-etched surface. This enhanced local chemical bonding further enhances the roughness-related mechanical interlocking effect. These two effects at very different length scales—atomic (enhanced bonding) versus continuum (roughness-related interlocking)—act synergistically and explain the widely observed clinical success of roughened dental implants.

Observation of Cells on a Simulated Titanium Surface with Transparency

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110002
Author(s):  
K. Teraoka ◽  
A. Watazu ◽  
T. Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Titanium Layer ◽  
Inverted Microscope ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

The main driving force of osseointegration on titanium implants is believed to be the calcification caused by cellular activity. However, owing to the opacity of bulk titanium, live cells on titanium surfaces cannot be observed using an inverted microscope. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a transparent titanium thin layer as a simulated titanium surface that allows live-cell observation from below. The titanium layer was fabricated on a polystyrene culture dish by magnetron DC sputtering using a pure Ti(JIS1) target. The titanium layer was characterized by transparency, composition, structure, and wettability. Osteoblast-like cells were cultured in the titanium-coated dishes. The cell culture was observed periodically using an inverted microscope, and the images were compiled into time-lapse videos. Cells on the titanium layer were characterized by movement speeds and doubling times. The titanium-coated dish was transparent gray, and its transmittance profile was consistent with that of the polystyrene dish. The titanium layer showed similarities to bulk titanium surfaces in terms of composition and structure; that is, it showed an oxidized titanium outermost layer and titanium metal basal layer. The wettability of the titanium layer was hydrophilic with mean contact angles of 67.52°. Osteoblast-like cells successfully adhered to the titanium layer and proliferated to confluence. The time-lapse videos demonstrated active movement of the cells on the titanium layer, which suggested the involvement of the titanium surface in cellular motility. The cell culture on the titanium layer can be considered cell culture on a titanium surface. In short, the titanium layer enabled the acquisition of information for living cells on titanium that has either been unknown or analogically understood based on cell culture on polystyrene dishes.

Nanostructured Titanium Surface Obtained by Electrochemical Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
L.M. Antonini ◽  
Karine Parise ◽  
A.R.S. Witt ◽  
Israel Durli Savaris ◽  
L. Gustavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Nanostructured Surfaces ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Research on titanium and its alloys as biomaterials have been attracted the interest because of its clinical success, but they have been facing problems due to failures caused by tissue cohesion loss, fracture. Studies involving the influence of surface roughness of titanium implants on the osseointegration rate and biomechanical fixation have been develop. However, it is neessary to understand the effect of surface morphology on the osseointegration process. This paper aims to examine the effect of current density on the electropolishing process of Ti in order to obtain nanostructured surfaces. Ti samples were mechanically abraded and then subjected to electropolishing in acidic solution. After the electropolishing process, the samples were characterized by atomic force microscopy, profilometry and wettability tests. Preliminary results show that the increase on current density contributed to the decrease in nanoroughness of substrate yet it did not affect the surface wettability, which presented an hydrophilic behaviour.

Ti Nano-nodular Structuring for Bone Integration and Regeneration

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ogawa ◽  
L. Saruwatari ◽  
K. Takeuchi ◽  
H. Aita ◽  
N. Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Rat Femur ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Bone Integration ◽  
Etched Surface

Nanostructuring technology has been proven to create unique biological properties in various biomaterials. Here we present a discovered phenomenon of titanium nano-nodular self-assembly that occurs during physical vapor depositions of titanium (Ti) onto specifically conditioned micro-textured titanium surfaces, and test a hypothesis that the Ti nanostructure has the potential to enhance bone-titanium integration. The nanostructure creation effectively provided geometrical undercut and increased the surface area by up to 40% compared with the acid-etched surface with microtopography. Depending on the size control, the nano-nodules can be added without smearing the existing micro-texture, creating a nano-micro-hybrid architecture. Titanium implants with 560-nm nano-nodules produced 3.1 times greater strength of osseointegration than those with an acid-etched surface in a rat femur model. The discovered titanium nano-nodular self-structuring has been proven feasible on biocompatible materials other than titanium, offering new avenues for the development of implant surfaces and other implantable materials for better bone-generative and -regenerative potential.

scholarly journals Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Coatings Enhance Bioactivity of Titanium Implants—SurfEV

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Taisa Nogueira Pansani ◽  
Thanh Huyen Phan ◽  
Qingyu Lei ◽  
Alexey Kondyurin ◽  
Bill Kalionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Migration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by cells that contain a multitude of biomolecules, which act synergistically to signal multiple cell types. EVs are ideal candidates for promoting tissue growth and regeneration. The tissue regenerative potential of EVs raises the tantalizing possibility that immobilizing EVs on implant surfaces could potentially generate highly bioactive and cell-instructive surfaces that would enhance implant integration into the body. Such surfaces could address a critical limitation of current implants, which do not promote bone tissue formation or bond bone. Here, we developed bioactive titanium surface coatings (SurfEV) using two types of EVs: secreted by decidual mesenchymal stem cells (DEVs) and isolated from fermented papaya fluid (PEVs). For each EV type, we determined the size, morphology, and molecular composition. High concentrations of DEVs enhanced cell proliferation, wound closure, and migration distance of osteoblasts. In contrast, the cell proliferation and wound closure decreased with increasing concentration of PEVs. DEVs enhanced Ca/P deposition on the titanium surface, which suggests improvement in bone bonding ability of the implant (i.e., osteointegration). EVs also increased production of Ca and P by osteoblasts and promoted the deposition of mineral phase, which suggests EVs play key roles in cell mineralization. We also found that DEVs stimulated the secretion of secondary EVs observed by the presence of protruding structures on the cell membrane. We concluded that, by functionalizing implant surfaces with specialized EVs, we will be able to enhance implant osteointegration by improving hydroxyapatite formation directly at the surface and potentially circumvent aseptic loosening of implants.

scholarly journals Micro/nano-textured hierarchical titanium topography promotes exosome biogenesis and secretion to improve osseointegration

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengchuan Zhang ◽  
Ruogu Xu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Chaoan Liang ◽  
Xiaolin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Extracellular Secretion ◽  
Exosome Biogenesis ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Abstract Background Micro/nano-textured hierarchical titanium topography is more bioactive and biomimetic than smooth, micro-textured or nano-textured titanium topographies. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and exosomes derived from BMSCs play important roles in the osseointegration of titanium implants, but the effects and mechanisms of titanium topography on BMSCs-derived exosome secretion are still unclear. This study determined whether the secretion behavior of exosomes derived from BMSCs is differently affected by different titanium topographies both in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that both micro/nanonet-textured hierarchical titanium topography and micro/nanotube-textured hierarchical titanium topography showed favorable roughness and hydrophilicity. These two micro/nano-textured hierarchical titanium topographies enhanced the spreading areas of BMSCs on the titanium surface with stronger promotion of BMSCs proliferation in vitro. Compared to micro-textured titanium topography, micro/nano-textured hierarchical titanium topography significantly enhanced osseointegration in vivo and promoted BMSCs to synthesize and transport exosomes and then release these exosomes into the extracellular environment both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, micro/nanonet-textured hierarchical titanium topography promoted exosome secretion by upregulating RAB27B and SMPD3 gene expression and micro/nanotube-textured hierarchical titanium topography promoted exosome secretion due to the strongest enhancement in cell proliferation. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that micro/nano-textured hierarchical titanium topography promotes exosome biogenesis and extracellular secretion for enhanced osseointegration. Our findings also highlight that the optimized titanium topography can increase exosome secretion from BMSCs, which may promote osseointegration of titanium implants.

scholarly journals Long-lasting renewable antibacterial porous polymeric coatings enable titanium biomaterials to prevent and treat peri-implant infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyi Wu ◽  
Jianmeng Xu ◽  
Leiyan Zou ◽  
Shulu Luo ◽  
Run Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Implant Infection ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

AbstractPeri-implant infection is one of the biggest threats to the success of dental implant. Existing coatings on titanium surfaces exhibit rapid decrease in antibacterial efficacy, which is difficult to promisingly prevent peri-implant infection. Herein, we report an N-halamine polymeric coating on titanium surface that simultaneously has long-lasting renewable antibacterial efficacy with good stability and biocompatibility. Our coating is powerfully biocidal against both main pathogenic bacteria of peri-implant infection and complex bacteria from peri-implantitis patients. More importantly, its antibacterial efficacy can persist for a long term (e.g., 12~16 weeks) in vitro, in animal model, and even in human oral cavity, which generally covers the whole formation process of osseointegrated interface. Furthermore, after consumption, it can regain its antibacterial ability by facile rechlorination, highlighting a valuable concept of renewable antibacterial coating in dental implant. These findings indicate an appealing application prospect for prevention and treatment of peri-implant infection.

scholarly journals Electrical Impedance of Surface Modified Porous Titanium Implants with Femtosecond Laser

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Paula Navarro ◽  
Alberto Olmo ◽  
Mercè Giner ◽  
Marleny Rodríguez-Albelo ◽  
Ángel Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Surface Modified

The chemical composition and surface topography of titanium implants are essential to improve implant osseointegration. The present work studies a non-invasive alternative of electrical impedance spectroscopy for the characterization of the macroporosity inherent to the manufacturing process and the effect of the surface treatment with femtosecond laser of titanium discs. Osteoblasts cell culture growths on the titanium surfaces of the laser-treated discs were also studied with this method. The measurements obtained showed that the femtosecond laser treatment of the samples and cell culture produced a significant increase (around 50%) in the absolute value of the electrical impedance module, which could be characterized in a wide range of frequencies (being more relevant at 500 MHz). Results have revealed the potential of this measurement technique, in terms of advantages, in comparison to tiresome and expensive techniques, allowing semi-quantitatively relating impedance measurements to porosity content, as well as detecting the effect of surface modification, generated by laser treatment and cell culture.

Molecular and Biomechanical Characterization of Mineralized Tissue by Dental Pulp Cells on Titanium

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nakamura ◽  
L. Saruwatari ◽  
H. Aita ◽  
K. Takeuchi ◽  
T. Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Dental Pulp Cells ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Osteoblastic Phenotype ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Implant Therapy ◽  
Time Required

The application of implant therapy is still limited, because of various risk factors and the long healing time required for bone-titanium integration. This study explores the potential for osseointegration engineering with dental pulp cells (DPCs) by testing a hypothesis that DPCs generate mineralized tissue on titanium. DPCs extracted from rat incisors positive for CD44, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralizing capability were cultured on polystyrene and on machined and dual-acid-etched (DAE) titanium. Tissue cultured on titanium with a Ca/P ratio of 1.4 exhibited plate-like morphology, while that on the polystyrene exhibited fibrous and punctate structures. Tissues cultured on titanium were harder than those on polystyrene, 1.5 times on the machined and 3 times on the DAE. Collagen I, osteopontin, and osteocalcin genes were up-regulated on titanium, especially the DAE surface. In conclusion, DPCs showing some characteristics of the previously identified dental pulp stem cells can generate mineralized tissue on titanium via the osteoblastic phenotype, which can be enhanced by titanium surface roughness.

scholarly journals Covalently-Linked Hyaluronan versus Acid Etched Titanium Dental Implants: A Crossover RCT in Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saturnino Lupi ◽  
Arianna Rodriguez y Baena ◽  
Clara Cassinelli ◽  
Giorgio Iviglia ◽  
Marco Tallarico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Biochemical Modification ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Modification Of Titanium

Biochemical modification of titanium surfaces (BMTiS) entails immobilization of biomolecules to implant surfaces in order to induce specific host responses. This crossover randomized clinical trial assesses clinical success and marginal bone resorption of dental implants bearing a surface molecular layer of covalently-linked hyaluronan in comparison with control implants up to 36 months after loading. Patients requiring bilateral implant rehabilitation received hyaluronan covered implants in one side of the mouth and traditional implants in the other side. Two months after the first surgery, a second surgery was undergone to uncover the screw and to place a healing abutment. After two weeks, the operator proceeded with prosthetic procedures. Implants were evaluated by periapical radiographs and the crestal bone level was recorded at mesial and distal sites—at baseline and up to 36 months. One hundred and six implants were positioned, 52 HY-coated, and 48 controls were followed up. No differences were observed in terms of insertion and stability, wound healing, implant success, and crestal bone resorption at any time considered. All interventions had an optimal healing, and no adverse events were recorded. This trial shows, for the first time, a successful use in humans of biochemical-modified implants in routine clinical practice and in healthy patients and tissues with satisfactory outcomes.

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