Contact Process Optimization for 40nm CMOS Yield Improvement

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Author(s):  
Y. Lin ◽  
X.-P. Wang ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
C. J. Yang
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 669-672
Author(s):  
Y. Xu ◽  
H. X. Zhang ◽  
R. T. Zhao

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Liujuan ◽  
Guowei Zhang ◽  
Jinguang Liu ◽  
Jianye Jiao ◽  
Han Lin ◽  
...  

A four-step synthesis of Remdesivir (1) is presented. This work focuses on the yield improvement of step 1, flow chemistry development of step 2 and 3, process optimization of step 4. The literatures reported (https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00310 and https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00172: SI part) step 1 was repeated, but failed in the crystallization, eventually step 1 product was obtained by column chromatography with >98% HPLC purity and 40% IY. The flow chemistry development of step 2(IY: 84%) and 3 (IY: 63%) was achieved and the release of toxic HCN was avoided, the process robustness was improved by flow chemistry. Step 4 was simplified to apply primary alcohol 6 directly (without protection) to react with chiral SM 8. Lewis acid catalysts were screened by HTS and MgI2 gave 50% AY. Cheap and commercially available MgCl2 and NaI were used to replace MgI2, finally Remdesivir (1) was obtained in >99% purity with 40.3% IY.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 122402
Author(s):  
Zhangli Liu ◽  
Bingkui He ◽  
Fei Meng ◽  
Qiang Bao ◽  
Yuhong Sun ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Liujuan ◽  
Guowei Zhang ◽  
Jinguang Liu ◽  
Jianye Jiao ◽  
Han Lin ◽  
...  

A four-step synthesis of Remdesivir (1) is presented. This work focuses on the yield improvement of step 1, flow chemistry development of step 2 and 3, process optimization of step 4. The literatures reported (https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00310 and https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00172: SI part) step 1 was repeated, but failed in the crystallization, eventually step 1 product was obtained by column chromatography with >98% HPLC purity and 40% IY. The flow chemistry development of step 2(IY: 84%) and 3 (IY: 63%) was achieved and the release of toxic HCN was avoided, the process robustness was improved by flow chemistry. Step 4 was simplified to apply primary alcohol 6 directly (without protection) to react with chiral SM 8. Lewis acid catalysts were screened by HTS and MgI2 gave 50% AY. Cheap and commercially available MgCl2 and NaI were used to replace MgI2, finally Remdesivir (1) was obtained in >99% purity with 40.3% IY.


Author(s):  
Niti Garg ◽  
Philippe Helal ◽  
Pranesh Muralidhar ◽  
Stephen Crown ◽  
Vincent Sih ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Sandeep Bagchi ◽  
Valli Arunachalam ◽  
Javier Saenz ◽  
James Beck ◽  
Lupe Duncan ◽  
...  

Abstract Random single bit failures were encountered in cache areas of Motorola’s 0.13 µm CMOS products under development. Extensive in-line probe data and end-of-line probe data in conjunction with failure analysis indicated the presence of particles at the upper surface of tungsten contacts. This paper describes how TEM based techniques were used to analyze the origin of the defect which in turn enabled process optimization and yield improvement.


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