Oxygen consumption by eggs of the grubby, Myoxocephalus aenaeus, and the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Walsh ◽  
William A. Lund Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Longhorn Sculpin

Oxygen consumption rates of individual eggs of the grubby, Myoxocephalus aenaeus, and the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus, were determined by microrespirometry. Eggs of both species were incubated in temperature – salinity combinations (grubby: in 2, 5, 8 °C at 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 parts per thousand (ppt); longhorn sculpin: in 2, 5, 8 °C at 15, 17.5, 20, 25, 30, 35 ppt) to determine the effects of these abiotic factors and development on oxygen consumption rates. Respiration rates of eggs of both species were not affected significantly by constant salinities. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the natural logarithms of oxygen uptake rates increased linearly with the temperature – age (in hours after fertilization) interaction and parabolically with age in both species. Oxygen consumption rates increased at hatching. Acute salinity changes did not affect embryonic oxygen consumption by either species. An acute temperature increase, however, elicited increased oxygen uptake by longhorn sculpin embryos (Q10 = 2.56).

scholarly journals Effects of Flow Rate on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Oxygen Consumption Rates in 3D Bone-Tissue-Engineered Constructs Cultured in Perfusion Bioreactor Systems

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Felder ◽  
Aaron D. Simmons ◽  
Robert L. Shambaugh ◽  
Vassilios I. Sikavitsas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Perfusion Bioreactor ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Consumption Rates

Bone grafts represent a multibillion-dollar industry, with over a million grafts occurring each year. Common graft types are associated with issues such as donor site morbidity in autologous grafts and immunological response in allogenic grafts. Bone-tissue-engineered constructs are a logical approach to combat the issues commonly encountered with these bone grafting techniques. When creating bone-tissue-engineered constructs, monitoring systems are required to determine construct characteristics, such as cellularity and cell type. This study aims to expand on the current predictive metrics for these characteristics, specifically analyzing the effects of media flow rate on oxygen uptake rates (OURs) of mesenchymal stem cells seeded on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor. To do this, oxygen consumption rates were measured for cell/scaffold constructs at varying flow rates ranging from 150 to 750 microliters per minute. Residence time analyses were performed for this bioreactor at these flow rates. Average observed oxygen uptake rates of stem cells in perfusion bioreactors were shown to increase with increased oxygen availability at higher flow rates. The residence time analysis helped identify potential pitfalls in current bioreactor designs, such as the presence of channeling. Furthermore, this analysis shows that oxygen uptake rates have a strong linear correlation with residence times of media in the bioreactor setup, where cells were seen to exhibit a maximum oxygen uptake rate of 3 picomoles O2/hr/cell.

The effect of the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis upon the respiration of its intermediate host, Gammarus pulex

Parasitology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Rumpus ◽  
C. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Gammarus Pulex ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Pomphorhynchus Laevis ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Host Parasite

The respiration rates of individual Gammarus pulex infected by larval Pomphorhynchus laevis were investigated with particular reference to the stage of development of the host and parasite and to the water temperature. At 20°C the oxygen consumption of Gammarus of all sizes was reduced by an average of 19·3 % by the presence of cystacanths of the parasite, but was unaffected by the presence of acanthellae. It is considered that the small size of this larval stage, in relation to that of its host, is responsible for the failure to detect an effect. Multiple infections did not exert any greater effect upon host respiration than single cystacanths, nor did it appear that the parasite had different effects upon hosts of different sexes. At 10°C no significant differences were observed between the respiration rates of infected and uninfected gammarids. The parasite was probably still depressing the host respiration rate at this temperature, but the oxygen uptake of G. pulex is so low that the differences between infected and uninfected individuals were too small to be detected. The parasite has a direct effect upon the physiological processes of the host, but neither the mechanism of this nor the reasons for the different effects found in different host-parasite systems are yet understood. Despite the pronounced effect of P. laevis on respiration of individual hosts, its effect upon the oxygen consumption of a natural host population is small since only a small proportion of the population carries infections and water temperatures remain below 10°C for over half the year.

scholarly journals The SCOC database, a large, open, and global database with sediment community oxygen consumption rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Stratmann ◽  
Karline Soetaert ◽  
Chih-Lin Wei ◽  
Yu-Shih Lin ◽  
Dick van Oevelen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) rates provide important information about biogeochemical processes in marine sediments and the activity of benthic microorganisms and fauna. Therefore, several databases of SCOC data have been compiled since the mid-1990s. However, these earlier databases contained much less data records and were not freely available. Additionally, the databases were not transparent in their selection procedure, so that other researchers could not assess the quality of the data. Here, we present the largest, best documented, and freely available database of SCOC data compiled to date. The database is comprised of 3,540 georeferenced SCOC records from 230 studies that were selected following the procedure for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Each data record states whether the oxygen consumption was measured ex situ or in situ, as total oxygen uptake, diffusive or advective oxygen uptake, and which measurement device was used. The database will be curated and updated annually to secure and maintain an up-to-date global database of SCOC data.

Respiration of Artemia franciscana cultured under different salinities

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona M. El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brine Shrimps ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Oxygen Tensions

AbstractThe available studies on oxygen consumption by Artemia related to different salinities reported contradictory results. However, most of these studies have been obtained only for newly hatched nauplii or adults, and have neglected the gradual accommodation that gives a picture about what really happens in nature. In order to face the problems noted above individuals of Artemia franciscana were acclimated to four different salinities (25 g/L, 35 g/L, 70 g/L and 120 g/L) under laboratory conditions. The oxygen consumption under declining oxygen tensions (Po 2) for each of the 19 stages in Artemia life metamorphic developments was examined. The brine shrimp under different salinities is a respiratory regulator over a wide range of Po 2's. Oxygen consumption rates varied across the salinities with a general inverse relationship in uptake rates versus salinity. The brine shrimps' individual weight significantly decreased with increasing salt concentration of the external medium. Generally, regulation of oxygen consumption improved with development. Specimens cultured under high salinities (70 g/L and 120 g/L) started the regulation earlier than low salinities, even before heart and gill formation (in stage 2) and high salinities also accelerated the development of the heart and the gut earlier than those cultured under lower salinities (stage 3 instead of 6). Later developmental stages did not perform osmotical work in the same manner as nauplii did (0-6) and oxygen consumption did not drive the ionic regulation of Artemia franciscana specimens cultured under different salinities.

Quantifying Compound Aging Resistance at Service (Ambient) Temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Edward R. Terrill ◽  
James T. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Oxygen consumption rates were measured on natural rubber compounds with varying levels of a standard antioxidant package. The oxygen consumption rate measurements were performed at temperatures between 20 °C and 80 °C. The results elucidated the mechanism of antioxidants, including their pro-oxidant effects. The pro-oxidant effect dwindled with time. Integrated oxygen uptake results were calculated from repetitive oxygen consumption rate measurements. Integrated oxygen uptake time temperature master curves with empirical shift factors were combined with elongation-tobreak data to monitor the extent of aging. The stability of the compounds at service life temperatures could be quantified by combining the integrated oxygen uptake shift factors with the tensile elongation-to-break data; thereby to produce an elongation-to-break master curve at service life temperatures.

Respiration rates in late eggs and early hatchlings of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Parra ◽  
Roger Villanueva ◽  
Manuel Yúfera
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Brooding Female ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Energetic Expenditure

Respiration rates during late embryonic development and hatchlings of Octopus vulgaris were measured at 20 °C. Oxygen consumption rates increased suddenly at hatching, in response to the increase in energetic expenditure due to their constant swimming activity by means of jet propulsion. Estimates indicate that hatchlings consumed three times more oxygen than the embryos at late stages. Chemical composition analysis revealed a relatively high nitrogen content (11%) in O. vulgaris hatchlings with an energy content of 1.09±0.03 J mg dry matter−1. Specific oxygen consumption in unfed O. vulgaris hatchlings reached values around 0.18 nmol O2 μg−1 h−1. It was estimated that the oxygen consumption of a medium-size egg mass of O. vulgaris is approximately twice than the oxygen uptake of the respective brooding female.

Oxygen consumption and pressure-volume area of abnormal contractions in canine heart

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. H154-H160 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Suga ◽  
O. Yamada ◽  
Y. Goto ◽  
Y. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Contractile State ◽  
Consumption Rates

Oxygen consumption rates (VO2) of isovolumic and normally ejecting contractions are closely correlated with their systolic pressure-volume areas (PVA) in a stable canine left ventricle. PVA is the area in the pressure-volume (PV) diagram that is circumscribed by the end-systolic and end-diastolic PV relation curves and the systolic segment of the PV loop trajectory. We studied whether VO2s of abnormally loaded ejecting contractions were similarly correlated with their PVAs. Various abnormally ejecting contractions were produced in the left ventricle of the cross-circulated canine heart. VO2 and PVA data of the various abnormal contractions and the isovolumic and normally ejecting contractions were pooled together, to which the correlation and regression analyses were applied. They could be fitted by a linear regression analyses were applied. They could be fitted by a linear regression line with a high correlation coefficient and a slight scatter in each heart. We therefore conclude that PVA is the primary correlate of VO2, not only in the isovolumic and normally ejecting contractions but also in various abnormally loaded contractions in a given canine left ventricle with a stable contractile state.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Respiration Correlates with Prognostic Markers in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Is Normalized by Ibrutinib Treatment

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subir Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Eric D. J. Bouchard ◽  
Ryan Saleh ◽  
Zoann Nugent ◽  
Cheryl Peltier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Consumption Rates

Mitochondrial bioenergetics profiling, a measure of oxygen consumption rates, correlates with prognostic markers and can be used to assess response to therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. In this study, we measured mitochondrial respiration rates in primary CLL cells using respirometry to evaluate mitochondrial function. We found significant increases in mitochondrial respiration rates in CLL versus control B lymphocytes. We also observed amongst CLL patients that advanced age, female sex, zeta-chain-associated protein of 70 kD (ZAP-70+), cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38+), and elevated β2-microglobulin (β2-M) predicted increased maximal respiration rates. ZAP-70+ CLL cells exhibited significantly higher bioenergetics than B lymphocytes or ZAP-70− CLL cells and were more sensitive to the uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoro-methoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP). Univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that ZAP-70+ predicted increased maximal respiration. ZAP-70+ is a surrogate for B cell receptor (BCR) activation and can be targeted by ibrutinib, which is a clinically approved Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. Therefore, we evaluated the oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of CLL cells and plasma chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 3 and 4 (CCL3/CCL4) levels from ibrutinib-treated patients and demonstrated decreased OCR similar to control B lymphocytes, suggesting that ibrutinib treatment resets the mitochondrial bioenergetics, while diminished CCL3/CCL4 levels indicate the down regulation of the BCR signaling pathway in CLL. Our data support evaluation of mitochondrial respiration as a preclinical tool for the response assessment of CLL cells.

Factors Affecting Respiration Rates of Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1907-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Voyer ◽  
G. E. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Temperature Interactions

In one series of experiments, average rates of oxygen consumed by winter flounder at 10 C were 35 and 55 mg O2/kg of body weight per hour at 3.5 and 8.6 mg dissolved oxygen (DO)/liter, respectively. At 20 C the average rates of oxygen uptake were 70 at 3.2 mg DO/liter and 97 at 6.3 mg DO/liter. Oxygen consumption rates were significantly greater (P <.05) at 20 C than at 10 C. In two of the three experiments, rates of oxygen uptake were significantly lower (P <.05) among groups of winter flounder maintained at the reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations for 15–23 hr. No dissolved oxygen–temperature interactions were apparent.Results of a second series of experiments indicated respiration rates of winter flounder increased linearly with weight along regression lines having slopes of 0.792 (20 C — 6.9 mg DO/liter), 0.785 (20 C — 4.3 mg DO/liter), 0.720 (10 C — 8.7 mg DO/liter), and 0.746 (10 C — 4.3 mg DO/liter).

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