Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis hardangeri from skeletal muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676-2683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Unit Membrane ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Central Bundle ◽  
Cyst Membrane ◽  
Honeycomb Pattern

Cysts of Sarcocystis hardangeri from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The large ovoid cysts were located within distended skeletal muscle cells, which were encapsulated by the thickened external lamina of the muscle cell and an exterior thick layer of collagen-rich connective tissue. The cysts were limited by a unit membrane (the cyst membrane) that was raised into closely spaced anastomosing microplicae, forming a honeycomb pattern. Between the microplicae the cyst membrane formed vesiclelike invaginations. The cyst surface was provided with numerous slanting linguiform processes, measuring 25–35 μm in length. The entire cyst surface, including the surface of the projections, had a highly irregular, folded outline. The projections contained a central bundle of longitudinally orientated microtubules. The interior of the cyst was rich in cyst ground substance that formed conspicuous septa. The metrocytes showed an extensive vacuolation of their cytoplasm, eventually leading to a disintegration of the cell. The cysts of S. hardangeri were structurally very similar to one type of sarcocysts previously reported from moose (Alces alces).

Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis tarandi from skeletal muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2913-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Electron Dense Material ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cyst Membrane

Cysts of Sarcocystis tarandi from Rangifer tarandus tarandus were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cysts were located within skeletal muscle cells and were limited by a unit membrane (the cyst membrane). The surface of the cyst was covered with densely packed, erect, villiform processes measuring 10.4 μm in length and 2.5 μm in diameter. The processes contained numerous longitudinally oriented microtubules. The cyst membrane was reinforced by an underlying 20–65 nm thick layer of electron-dense material, except at numerous points between the bases of the protrusions where it formed vesiclelike invaginations. Cyst ground substance formed a layer at the periphery of the cyst, filled the core of the projections, and formed septa that divided the cyst into many compartments. The compartments contained either cystozoites or metrocytes. The metrocytes possessed one or a few large dense bodies containing crystalline inclusions. The cystozoites multiplied by endodyogeny.

Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis rangiferi from skeletal muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2669-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cyst Membrane ◽  
Tissue Capsule

Cysts of Sarcocystis rangiferi from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cysts were located within skeletal muscle cells which were encapsulated by a thick layer of connective tissue. The connective tissue capsule consisted of numerous fibroblasts and a matrix with a moderate number of collagen fibrils, and represents an analogue of the so-called secondary cyst wall of Sarcocystis gigantea and various Besnoitia species. The cysts were limited by a unit membrane, the cyst membrane, which in part was reinforced by a thin subjacent layer of electron-dense material. The cyst surface was covered by closely packed, villiform protrusions, measuring 12–14 μm in length and 8 μm in diameter. The cyst membrane formed vesiclelike invaginations at and between the bases of the protrusions. Cyst ground substance divided the interior of the cyst into numerous compartments containing metrocytes or cystozoites. The cystozoites multiplied by endodyogeny.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis rangi from skeletal muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Rangifer ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Sarcocystis Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cyst Membrane

<p>Mature muscle cysts of Sarcocystis rangi from Rangifer tarandus were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The long and slender cysts were located within skeletal muscle cells, and were bounded by a unit membrane, the cyst membrane. The cysts were provided with closely spaced flexible, hairlike surface processes, measuring up to 12.6 |im in length and 0.3 to 0.6 \lm in diameter. The projections had a smooth surface, whereas the cyst membrane formed numerous hexagonally packed vesicular invaginations between the bases of the projections. The cyst membrane was reinforced by an underlying thin layer of electron-dense material, except at the points where it was invaginated. Cyst ground substance formed a thin layer at the periphery of the cysts, filled the core of the projections, and formed thin septa that divided the interior of the cysts into numerous compartments. Most compartments contained a large number of tightly packed cystozoites, whereas a few metrocytes were forund in each of a few compartments at the periphery of the cysts. Some of the cystozoites multiplied by endodyogeny. The metrocytes displayed a vacuolation of their cytoplasm. The cysts of S. rangi were similar in surface morphology to the sarcocysts of certain other Sarcocystis species reported from other intermediate hosts.</p><p>Ultrastrukturen til cyster av Sarcocystis rangi fr&aring; skjelettmuskulaturen hos rein.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Samandrag: Muskelcyster av S. rangi fr&aring; rein vart unders&oslash;kt ved transmisjonselektronmikroskopi. Dei lange cystene l&aring;g intracellul&aelig;rt i skjelettmuskelceller, og var avgrensa av ein element&aelig;rmembran, cystemembranen. Cystene var utstyrt med talrike h&aring;rliknande overflateprosessar, som strekte seg langsetter cysteoverflata. Prcsessane var opptil 12.6 Hm lange, og m&aring;lte 0.3 til 0.6 \lm i diameter. Prosessane hadde ei glatt overflate, medan cystemembranen danna talrike regelmessige ordna, sm&aring; invaginasjonar innimellom basis av prosessane. Cystemembranen var forsterka p&aring; innsida av eit tunnt lag av elektrontett materiale, med unnatak av dei stadene der han var invaginert. Cystegrunnsubstans danna eit lag perifert i cystene, fylte det indre av prosessane, og danna septa som delte cystene inn i talrike kammer. Dei fleste kammera inneheldt cystozoitar, medan metrocytar fannst i nokre f&aring;, sm&aring; kammer perifert i cystene. Nokre av cystozoitane gjennomgjekk ei todeling ved endodyogeni. Mange metrocytar hadde eit vakuolisert cytoplasma. Cystene til S. rangi var sv&aelig;rt like cystene til visse Sarcocystis-3.net fr&aring; andre mellomvertar med omsyn til overflatemorfologi.</p>

scholarly journals Ocular Histopathological Findings in Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis after Experimental Inoculation with Cervid Herpesvirus 2

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Javier Sánchez Romano ◽  
Karen K. Sørensen ◽  
Anett K. Larsen ◽  
Torill Mørk ◽  
Morten Tryland
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a common transmissible ocular disease in semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). In large outbreaks, IKC may affect tens of animals in a herd, with the most severe cases often requiring euthanasia due to the destruction of the affected eyes and permanent blindness. An experimental inoculation with cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2), alone or in combination with Moraxella bovoculi, demonstrated that CvHV2 has the ability to cause clinical signs of IKC in previously unexposed reindeer. Tissues collected from upper and lower eyelids, lacrimal gland and cornea, were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Histopathological analysis of the eyes inoculated with CvHV2 showed widespread and severe pathological findings. Mucosal tissues from these eyes showed fibrinous and purulent exudates, hyperemia, hemorrhages, necrosis, vascular thrombosis, vascular necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, and lymphoid follicle reaction, which matches the described histopathology of IKC in reindeer. Characteristic alpha-herpesvirus particles matching the size and morphology of CvHV2 were identified by transmission electron microscopy in the conjunctival tissue. The quantification of viral particles by qPCR revealed high copy numbers of viral DNA in all CvHV2 inoculated eyes, but also in the non-inoculated eyes of the same animals. The histopathology of eye tissues obtained from the CvHV2 inoculated reindeer and the lack of inflammation from bacterial infection, together with the detection of CvHV2 DNA in swabs from the inoculated and non-inoculated eyes of the same animals, verified that CvHV2 was the primary cause of the observed histopathological changes.

scholarly journals Clinical outbreak of babesiosis caused by Babesia capreoli in captive reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Bos ◽  
Fokko C. Klip ◽  
Hein Sprong ◽  
Els M. Broens ◽  
Marja J.L. Kik
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus
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