scholarly journals Effects of Immobilization with Medetomidine and Reversal with Atipamezole on Blood Chemistry of Semi-Domesticated Reindeer {Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) in Autumn and Late Winter

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-349
Author(s):  
T. Soveri ◽  
S. Sankari ◽  
J. S. Salonen ◽  
M. Nieminen
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus

Evaluating capture stress and its effects on reproductive success in Svalbard reindeer

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Omsjoe ◽  
A. Stien ◽  
J. Irvine ◽  
S. D. Albon ◽  
E. Dahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Capture Stress

Although many ecological studies of wild animal populations rely on capturing individuals at least once, few have investigated either the immediate stress responses of capture, restraint, and handling, or the longer term consequences on reproductive success. In this paper, we assume that the degree of stress increase with the time taken to capture and process an animal prior to release. The influence of time since onset of capture on body temperature and blood chemistry indicators of stress was investigated in 137 adult female Svalbard reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Vrolik, 1829) and 63 calves of both sexes captured by net in late-winter 2004 and 2005. In addition, we looked for evidence of negative effects of capture stress on reproductive success in marked animals over the period from 1995 to 2006. Body temperature increased with both chase time and the time the animals were restrained. In the latter case, body temperature increased twice as fast in nonpregnant animals (0.13 °C/min) compared with pregnant animals. Cortisol, glutamate dehydrogenase, and γ-glutamyltransferase all increased with time from onset of capture. However, the relationship for glucose with time since onset of capture increased initially before declining again. We found no evidence of a lower calving success in animals captured the previous winter when compared with animals that had not been captured the previous winter. Likewise, there was no relationship between the strength of the acute stress response (measured as cortisol concentrations) and the probability of pregnant females having a calf at foot the subsequent summer.

scholarly journals Snow conditions and usability value of pastureland for semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in northern boreal forest area

Rangifer ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Kumpula ◽  
Alfred Colpaert
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Selection Of

We studied variation in snow conditions and selection of pasture area according to altitude by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) during 1999 - 2002 in a pine forest area utilised by forest industry in the Ivalo reindeer herding district, northern Finland. Snow conditions were measured over the course of three winters along equilateral triangles (side 3.5 km) for three times per winter. The altitudinal selection of pasture area by reindeer was studied using GPS tracking data (10 977 locations) from 29 female reindeer. We observed that interannual weather variation mostly affected the depth, density and hardness of snow in the study area. At the forest landscape level, snow depth and density increased with altitude. Thinnest and deepest snow cover occurred on western and northern slopes, respectively. In contrast, forest harvesting did not seem to affect snow conditions. From spring to autumn, reindeer mainly used higher altitudes in pastures. In early and mid-winter, when snow conditions were easy or moderate reindeer still preferred higher altitudes, but in late winter when snow conditions and food accession were at their most difficult, they preferred lower altitudes. We conclude that especially the use of high elevation forestland pastures may become more difficult for reindeer if the global climatic change causes higher winter precipitation to the northern boreal forest area. In general, the low-elevation forestland areas have primary winter grazing value for reindeer but these areas are also intensively used by forest industry.Abstract in Finnish / Tiivistelmä:Lumiolosuhteet ja laidunten käyttöarvo poronhoidossa pohjoisella havumetsäaluella Lumiolosuhteiden vaihtelua ja porojen (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) laidunalueen valintaa maaston korkeuden perusteella tutkittiin vuosina 1999–2002 metsätalouden hyödyntämällä mäntymetsäalueella Ivalon paliskunnassa, Pohjois-Suomessa. Lumiolosuhteet mitattiin kolme kertaa kunakin kolmena talvena käyttämällä mittaukseen tasasivuisia kolmioita (sivu 3,5 km). Porojen laidunalueen valintaa korkeusvyöhykkeen mukaan tutkittiin käyttämällä porojen GPS seurannan aineistoja 29 vaatimesta (yhteensä 10 977 paikannusta). Vuosien välinen säävaihtelu vaikutti eniten lumen paksuuteen, tiheyteen ja kovuuteen tutkitulla alueella. Maisematasolla lumen paksuus ja tiheys lisääntyivät alueen korkeuden kasvaessa metsämaalla. Ohuin lumikerros mitattiin länsirinteillä ja paksuin kerros pohjoisrinteillä. Sen sijaan metsien käsittelyllä ei näyttänyt olevan vaikutusta lumiolosuhteisiin. Keväästä syksyyn porot käyttivät pääosin ylemmillä korkeusvyöhykkeillä sijaitsevia laitumia. Alku ja keskitalvella, jolloin lumiolosuhteet olivat vielä verrattain helpot, porot suosivat edelleen ylemmille korkeusvyöhykkeille sijoittuvia laitumia, mutta lopputalvella lumiolosuhteiden ja ravinnonsaannin ollessa vaikeimmat, porot suosivat alempien korkeusvyöhykkeiden laitumia. On todennäköistä, että erityisesti ylemmillä korkeusvyöhykkeillä olevat metsämaan laitumet voivat tulla vaikeammaksi käyttää poroille talvella, mikäli ilmastonmuutos aiheuttaa talvisadannan lisääntymisen pohjoisella havumetsäalueella. Yleisesti alemmille korkeusvyöhykkeille sijoittuvilla metsämaan laidunalueilla on ensisijainen talvilaidunarvo poronhoidolle, mutta myös metsätalous hyödyntää näitä alueita intensiivisesti.Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag:Snøforhold og bruksverdi som beiteland for tamrein (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) i nordborale skogsområder I perioden 1999-2002 studerte vi tamreinens valg av beiteområder ettersnøforhold og høyde over havet i en furuskog utnyttet av skogsdriften i Ivalo reinbeitedistrikt nord i Finland. Snøforholdene ble målt 3 ganger per vinter i tre vintre etter likebeinte triangler med side 3,5 km. Reinens beiting i ulike høyder ble målt med GPS-sporing av 29 simler på tilsammen 10 977 observasjonspunkter. Vi observerte at værvariasjonen mellom år mest påvirket snødybde og snøens tetthet og hardhet. I skogslandskapet økte snødybden og tettheten med høydebeliggenheten. Tynnest og djupest snødekke fantes henholdsvis i vestlige og nordlige skråninger. Derimot syntes ikke skogsdriften å påvirke snøforholdene. Fra vår til høst utnyttet reinen hovedsakelig de høyestliggende beiteområdene. Tidlig og midt på vinteren når snøforholdene fortsatt var lette eller moderate, foretrakk reinen fortsatt høyereliggende beiter, men på seinvinteren når snøforholdene og plantetilgjengeligheten var på det vanskeligste, foretrakk reinen lavereliggende områder. Ut fra observasjonene kan vi antyde at særlig høyereliggende beiteområder blir mindre tilgjengelig for reinen om det blir økt vinternedbør i de nordlige skogsområdene som følge av globale klimaendringer. Vanligvis har de lavtliggende skogsområdene størst beiteverdi for reinen om vinteren, samtidig som disse områdene også er de mest intesivt utnyttede hogstområder for skogsindustrien.

scholarly journals Clinical outbreak of babesiosis caused by Babesia capreoli in captive reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Bos ◽  
Fokko C. Klip ◽  
Hein Sprong ◽  
Els M. Broens ◽  
Marja J.L. Kik
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus

Hibernating black bears have blood chemistry and plasma amino acid profiles that are indicative of long-term adaptive fasting

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
T D Lohuis ◽  
T D.I Beck ◽  
H J Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Protein Conservation ◽  
Branched Chain

Blood samples were drawn from six black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) active in the summer and six others in early and late hibernation. Plasma urea:creatinine ratios and concentrations of amino acids, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase dropped during the winter denning season, suggesting a decreased protein breakdown. Fifteen amino acids (3 branched chain and 12 glucogenic) were lower in the early winter than in the summer, but 6 of these amino acids rose back to summer levels by the late denning season. Hydroxyproline and glycine were also elevated during late winter, suggesting an increase in collagen breakdown. This profile suggests a dynamic process of adaptive fasting and protein conservation during the winter with a mobilization of non-myofibrilar collagen and perhaps smooth muscle protein reserves to augment a potential but slight increased breakdown of skeletal muscle during the late winter.

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