scholarly journals Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis rangi from skeletal muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Rangifer ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Sarcocystis Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cyst Membrane

<p>Mature muscle cysts of Sarcocystis rangi from Rangifer tarandus were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The long and slender cysts were located within skeletal muscle cells, and were bounded by a unit membrane, the cyst membrane. The cysts were provided with closely spaced flexible, hairlike surface processes, measuring up to 12.6 |im in length and 0.3 to 0.6 \lm in diameter. The projections had a smooth surface, whereas the cyst membrane formed numerous hexagonally packed vesicular invaginations between the bases of the projections. The cyst membrane was reinforced by an underlying thin layer of electron-dense material, except at the points where it was invaginated. Cyst ground substance formed a thin layer at the periphery of the cysts, filled the core of the projections, and formed thin septa that divided the interior of the cysts into numerous compartments. Most compartments contained a large number of tightly packed cystozoites, whereas a few metrocytes were forund in each of a few compartments at the periphery of the cysts. Some of the cystozoites multiplied by endodyogeny. The metrocytes displayed a vacuolation of their cytoplasm. The cysts of S. rangi were similar in surface morphology to the sarcocysts of certain other Sarcocystis species reported from other intermediate hosts.</p><p>Ultrastrukturen til cyster av Sarcocystis rangi fr&aring; skjelettmuskulaturen hos rein.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Samandrag: Muskelcyster av S. rangi fr&aring; rein vart unders&oslash;kt ved transmisjonselektronmikroskopi. Dei lange cystene l&aring;g intracellul&aelig;rt i skjelettmuskelceller, og var avgrensa av ein element&aelig;rmembran, cystemembranen. Cystene var utstyrt med talrike h&aring;rliknande overflateprosessar, som strekte seg langsetter cysteoverflata. Prcsessane var opptil 12.6 Hm lange, og m&aring;lte 0.3 til 0.6 \lm i diameter. Prosessane hadde ei glatt overflate, medan cystemembranen danna talrike regelmessige ordna, sm&aring; invaginasjonar innimellom basis av prosessane. Cystemembranen var forsterka p&aring; innsida av eit tunnt lag av elektrontett materiale, med unnatak av dei stadene der han var invaginert. Cystegrunnsubstans danna eit lag perifert i cystene, fylte det indre av prosessane, og danna septa som delte cystene inn i talrike kammer. Dei fleste kammera inneheldt cystozoitar, medan metrocytar fannst i nokre f&aring;, sm&aring; kammer perifert i cystene. Nokre av cystozoitane gjennomgjekk ei todeling ved endodyogeni. Mange metrocytar hadde eit vakuolisert cytoplasma. Cystene til S. rangi var sv&aelig;rt like cystene til visse Sarcocystis-3.net fr&aring; andre mellomvertar med omsyn til overflatemorfologi.</p>

Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis tarandi from skeletal muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2913-2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Electron Dense Material ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cyst Membrane

Cysts of Sarcocystis tarandi from Rangifer tarandus tarandus were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cysts were located within skeletal muscle cells and were limited by a unit membrane (the cyst membrane). The surface of the cyst was covered with densely packed, erect, villiform processes measuring 10.4 μm in length and 2.5 μm in diameter. The processes contained numerous longitudinally oriented microtubules. The cyst membrane was reinforced by an underlying 20–65 nm thick layer of electron-dense material, except at numerous points between the bases of the protrusions where it formed vesiclelike invaginations. Cyst ground substance formed a layer at the periphery of the cyst, filled the core of the projections, and formed septa that divided the cyst into many compartments. The compartments contained either cystozoites or metrocytes. The metrocytes possessed one or a few large dense bodies containing crystalline inclusions. The cystozoites multiplied by endodyogeny.

Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis hardangeri from skeletal muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676-2683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Unit Membrane ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Central Bundle ◽  
Cyst Membrane ◽  
Honeycomb Pattern

Cysts of Sarcocystis hardangeri from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The large ovoid cysts were located within distended skeletal muscle cells, which were encapsulated by the thickened external lamina of the muscle cell and an exterior thick layer of collagen-rich connective tissue. The cysts were limited by a unit membrane (the cyst membrane) that was raised into closely spaced anastomosing microplicae, forming a honeycomb pattern. Between the microplicae the cyst membrane formed vesiclelike invaginations. The cyst surface was provided with numerous slanting linguiform processes, measuring 25–35 μm in length. The entire cyst surface, including the surface of the projections, had a highly irregular, folded outline. The projections contained a central bundle of longitudinally orientated microtubules. The interior of the cyst was rich in cyst ground substance that formed conspicuous septa. The metrocytes showed an extensive vacuolation of their cytoplasm, eventually leading to a disintegration of the cell. The cysts of S. hardangeri were structurally very similar to one type of sarcocysts previously reported from moose (Alces alces).

Ultrastructure of the cysts of Sarcocystis rangiferi from skeletal muscle of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2669-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cyst Membrane ◽  
Tissue Capsule

Cysts of Sarcocystis rangiferi from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The cysts were located within skeletal muscle cells which were encapsulated by a thick layer of connective tissue. The connective tissue capsule consisted of numerous fibroblasts and a matrix with a moderate number of collagen fibrils, and represents an analogue of the so-called secondary cyst wall of Sarcocystis gigantea and various Besnoitia species. The cysts were limited by a unit membrane, the cyst membrane, which in part was reinforced by a thin subjacent layer of electron-dense material. The cyst surface was covered by closely packed, villiform protrusions, measuring 12–14 μm in length and 8 μm in diameter. The cyst membrane formed vesiclelike invaginations at and between the bases of the protrusions. Cyst ground substance divided the interior of the cyst into numerous compartments containing metrocytes or cystozoites. The cystozoites multiplied by endodyogeny.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis wenzeli in chickens (Gallus gallus) in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Pan ◽  
Chunli Ma ◽  
Zhumei Huang ◽  
Yulong Ye ◽  
Hongxia Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Nucleotide Data

Abstract Background There has been considerable confusion concerning the number and classification of Sarcocystis spp. in chickens. Scarce nucleotide data of Sarcocystis spp. from chickens are provided in GenBank. The study aimed to investigate the morphological and molecular characteristics of Sarcocystis spp. found in chickens in China. Methods Tissues from 33 chickens were collected in 2019. Sarcocysts were observed using light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Individual sarcocysts from different chickens were selected for DNA extraction, and five loci, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS1 region, the mitochondrial cox1 gene and the apicoplastic rpoB gene, were amplified from each sarcocyst, sequenced and analyzed. Results Only S. wenzeli was found in 14 of 33 (42.4%) chickens. Under LM, the sarcocysts were microscopic and exhibited palisade-like villar protrusions measuring 1.5–2.8 μm. Ultrastructurally, the sarcocyst wall contained numerous stubby hill-like villar protrusions. The protrusions included scattered microtubules, which extended from the tips of the protrusions into the ground substance. The five loci were successfully sequenced and the sequences deposited in GenBank. At 18S rDNA, ITS1 and cox1, the most similar sequences in GenBank were those of Sarcocystis sp. obtained from the brains of chickens, i.e. 99.9–100%, 98.1–98.5% and 99.3% identity, respectively. The five loci (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS1, cox1 and rpoB) showed different levels of interspecific sequence similarity with other closely related species of Sarcocystis (e.g. 99.8%, 99.0–99.2%, 89.3–89.7%, 98.5%, and 97.5%, respectively, with S. anasi). Phylogenetic analysis based on four of the loci (18S rDNA, cox1, rpoB and ITS1) revealed that S. wenzeli formed an independent clade with Sarcocystis spp. that utilize geese or ducks as intermediate hosts and canines as the known or presumed definitive host. Conclusions To our knowledge, the sequences of 28S rDNA and rpoB reported here constitute the first records of genetic markers of Sarcocystis spp. in chickens. Based on molecular analysis, S. wenzeli might be responsible for the neurological disease in chickens, and ITS1 and rpoB are more suitable for discriminating it from closely related Sarcocystis spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. wenzeli presents a close relationship with Sarcocystis spp. in geese or ducks.

scholarly journals Identification of Sarcocystis spp. in One-humped Camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh and Dammam, Saudi Arabia, via Histological and Phylogenetic Approaches

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina M. Metwally ◽  
Tahani T. Al-Otaibi ◽  
Isra M. Al-Turaiki ◽  
Manal F. El-Khadragy ◽  
Reem A. Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Camel Meat

Sarcocystis (S.) spp. are intracellular protozoan parasites that infect birds and animals, resulting in substantial commercial losses. Sarcocystis spp. have an indirect life cycle; canines and felines are known to act as final hosts, and numerous domestic and wild animals act as intermediate hosts. The presence of sarcocysts in camel meat may diminish its commercial quality. There is limited knowledge regarding the taxonomy and diagnosis of Sarcocystis spp. that infect camels in Saudi Arabia. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed S. cameli and S. camelicanis (camelicanis) in Camelus (C.) dromedarius. This is the first report of S. camelicanis in Saudi Arabia and is considered a significant finding. Based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COX1) sequences, two samples of Sarcocystis spp. isolated from C. dromedarius in Riyadh and Dammam were grouped with S. levinei hosted by Bubalus bubalis in India, S. rangi hosted by Rangifer tarandus in Norway, S. miescheriana hosted by Sus scrofa in Italy and S. fayeri hosted by Equus caballus in Canada. The sequences obtained in this study have been deposited in GenBank.

Sarcocystis species in skeletal muscle of otter (Lutra lutra)

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. WAHLSTRÖM ◽  
T. NIKKILÄ ◽  
A. UGGLA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Sarcocystis Species ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Sarcocyst Wall

Cysts of a Sarcocystis species were found in large numbers in skeletal muscle of an otter (Lutra lutra) which was raised in Norway and died in captivity in Sweden. This is the first report of Sarcocystis infection in the otter. The sarcocysts were 0·3–2·3 mm long and 0·06–0·25 mm wide. As judged by light microscopy the sarcocyst walls were thin (<3 μm) with a serrated surface but without visible projections. By transmission electron microscopy, the sarcocyst wall measured 0·6–1·8 μm and had minute undulations covering the entire sarcocyst surface giving the wall a wavy appearance. Septa were indistinct. The sarcocysts contained few metrocytes and numerous bradyzoites. Sarcocysts were not found in 69 other otters subjected to necropsy in Sweden.

Cysts of unknown etiology in marine fishes of the Northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. MacLean ◽  
Carol M. Morrison ◽  
Robert A. Murchelano ◽  
Sherie Everline ◽  
Joyce J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sand Lance ◽  
Atlantic Mackerel ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Silver Hake ◽  
Feulgen Technique

Results of light and electron microscopic examinations of cysts of unknown etiology (CUEs) occurring in the gills of Atlantic mackerel, red hake, white hake, cod, haddock, and silver hake are presented. CUEs were found also in gills and viscera of winter flounder, Atlantic croaker, spot, windowpane flounder, and sand lance. CUEs measured 150–400 μm in diameter and consisted of an external fibrous cuticle, usually a thick median band, and a central core that frequently contained eosinophilic vesicles. Structures resembling mitochondria were found in the band and in vesicles of the core, but no other organelles were apparent. Cytochemical staining and ultramicroscopy revealed aggregates of glycogen in the core ground substance; no structural components were stained with Sudan black B or by the Feulgen technique. Extensive encapsulation of CUEs by fibroblasts was typical. Of 717 mackerel examined, 76.8% had CUEs in the gills; numbers ranged from 1 to 353 per fish. The prevalence and intensity of occurrence of CUEs increased with the age of the mackerel.

scholarly journals The effects of simulated microgravity on skeletal muscle of Japanese quail: transmission electron microscopic study

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Holovská ◽  
Viera Almášiová ◽  
Viera Cigánková ◽  
Peter Škrobánek
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Giant Mitochondria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
And Control

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity (hypodynamia) on the structure of the skeletal muscle (m. gastrocnemius) in developing Japanese quail by transmission electron microscopy. Samples of muscle tissues from experimental (n = 28) and control (n = 28) birds were collected at day 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 of age. The structure of m. gastrocnenmius was changed depending on hypodynamia length. The first extensive structural changes were found on day 14 of age. The mitochondria were enlarged and the spaces between the myofibrils were slightly extended compared to control. The sarcomeres were irregular and lipid droplets occurred in the sarcoplasm. Further developmental changes occurred on day 28 of age. Mitochondria fused into the giant mitochondria which frequently exceeded the length of one sarcomere. Moreover, at 42 days of age, beside the above mentioned changes, sarcoplasmic reticulum was dilated and the number of mitochondrial cristae was reduced. However, the structure of m. gastrocnemius on day 56 was less damaged compared to the damage observed on day 42 of age. Presented results indicate that the continuous stay of male Japanese quail under simulated microgravity has a negative impact on the structure of m. gastrocnemius, but also the ability of muscle tissue to cope with these specific conditions.

scholarly journals Morphology and Degradation of Multicompartment Microparticles Based on Semi-Crystalline Polystyrene-block-Polybutadiene-block-Poly(L-lactide) Triblock Terpolymers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4358
Author(s):  
Nicole Janoszka ◽  
Suna Azhdari ◽  
Christian Hils ◽  
Deniz Coban ◽  
Holger Schmalz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Average Particle Diameter ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Control ◽  
Triblock Terpolymers

The confinement assembly of block copolymers shows great potential regarding the formation of functional microparticles with compartmentalized structure. Although a large variety of block chemistries have already been used, less is known about microdomain degradation, which could lead to mesoporous microparticles with particularly complex morphologies for ABC triblock terpolymers. Here, we report on the formation of triblock terpolymer-based, multicompartment microparticles (MMs) and the selective degradation of domains into mesoporous microparticles. A series of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(L-lactide) (PS-b-PB-b-PLLA, SBL) triblock terpolymers was synthesized by a combination of anionic vinyl and ring-opening polymerization, which were transformed into microparticles through evaporation-induced confinement assembly. Despite different block compositions and the presence of a crystallizable PLLA block, we mainly identified hexagonally packed cylinders with a PLLA core and PB shell embedded in a PS matrix. Emulsions were prepared with Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membranes leading to a narrow size distribution of the microparticles and control of the average particle diameter, d ≈ 0.4 µm–1.8 µm. The core–shell cylinders lie parallel to the surface for particle diameters d < 0.5 µm and progressively more perpendicular for larger particles d > 0.8 µm as verified with scanning and transmission electron microscopy and particle cross-sections. Finally, the selective degradation of the PLLA cylinders under basic conditions resulted in mesoporous microparticles with a pronounced surface roughness.

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