Digenean (Trematoda) populations in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) from Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, Canada

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Differential Migration ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay

Examination of monthly samples of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) from Passamaquoddy Bay revealed seven digenean parasites (Genolinea laticauda, Podocotyle atomon, Stenakron vetustum, Fellodistomum furcigerum, Derogenes varicus, Lecithaster gibbosus, and Steganoderma formosum) in the alimentary tract and two metacercariae (Stephanostomum baccatum and Cryptocotyle lingua) in the body surface tissues and gills. Prevalence of alimentary tract parasites ranged from 0.2 in S. formosum to 39.8 in P. atomon and intensity ranged from 1.5 for D. varicus to 7.0 for S. formosum (one fish). Monthly and seasonal levels of prevalence varied: high in spring and autumn and low in summer and winter for most species. Prevalence and length-frequency distributions of the parasites did not support differential migration by size group or diminishing feeding activity from spring to winter in winter flounder, as proposed in other studies.

Studies of the Trematode Stephanostomum baccatum (Nicoll, 1907): II. Biology, with Special Reference to the Stages Affecting the Winter Flounder

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wolfgang
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Buccinum Undatum ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Hemitripterus Americanus

Stephanostomum baccatum, an acanthocolpid trematode, has the following host succession in eastern Canadian waters: Buccinum undatum and Neptunea decemcostatum (Gastropoda), primary intermediate hosts; the six common species of pleuronenctids, second intermediate hosts; Hemitripterus americanus and Hippoglossus hippoglossus, common definitive hosts. Infection of flatfish is by penetration of the integument of the host by an atypical Ophthalmoxiphidiocercous cercaria.The infection of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, as investigated in Passamaquoddy Bay, N.B., shows the following characteristics:1. The infection in inshore waters is greater near open water than on shoal grounds.2. For any given location deeper water samples show a higher incidence of infection than shoal samples.3. Larger fish have heavier infections than small ones.4. The growth of the flounder is not impeded by heavy cyst infections.5. No marked seasonal variation of infection can be demonstrated. Control is impractical.

Regulation of Zn2+ Uptake from the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Marine Teleost, the Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S2) ◽  
pp. s197-s205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Shears ◽  
G. L. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Marine Teleost ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Rapid Accumulation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Uptake

The gastrointestinal uptake of Zn2+ was studied in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) using an in situ technique. The entire digestive tract was capable of absorbing Zn2+, with the uppermost portion of the intestine having the highest and the stomach the lowest capacity. A seasonal study revealed that the capacity of the digestive tract to absorb Zn2+ was greatest during the summer months. At least two steps appeared to be involved in the absorption process, the first a rapid accumulation of Zn2+ by the tissue, and the second a slower transfer into the body. The amount of Zn2+ absorbed increased with increasing loads of Zn2+ in the lumen; the transfer mechanism(s) was not saturated at the highest Zn2+ loads tested. Zn2+ uptake was inhibited in the presence of Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, and Hg2+. The capacity of the digestive tract to absorb Zn2+ was not affected by feeding the flounder a high-Zn2+ diet or by increasing body Zn2+ loads by intravenous injections. It is suggested that elimination mechanisms may play a greater role in maintaining Zn2+ homeostasis than controlling gastrointestinal uptake.

Feeding chronology and daily ration calculations for winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), and ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Macdonald ◽  
Kenneth G. Waiwood
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Benthic Fish ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Gastric Evacuation ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Feeding chronologies of three species of cohabiting benthic fish, winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), are described. The volume of food eaten by each species at each of four collection times over 24 h was analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with fish length as the covariate. Daily ration was estimated using a gastric evacuation model, incorporating mean stomach volumes at four subdaily intervals and independent evacuation rates for slower (bivalves) and faster digested prey (amphipods and polychaetes). Winter flounder, American plaice, and ocean pout were daylight feeders with American plaice feeding more heavily later in the day. Winter flounder had the highest consumption rate (1.77% body weight/day) followed by ocean pout (1.68%) and American plaice (1.28%). Estimates of daily and subdaily food consumption were compared with corresponding estimates based on prey-specific state of digestion indices. This study indicates that estimating total and individual prey consumption at subdaily intervals provides a useful tool in determining feeding chronology and draws attention to potential biases encountered when more traditional analyses are used.

Tissue distribution of fish antifreeze protein mRNAs

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Gong ◽  
Garth L. Fletcher ◽  
Choy L. Hew
Keyword(s):  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Sea Raven ◽  
Hemitripterus Americanus ◽  
Afp Mrna ◽  
Distribution Of Fish

The presence of fish antifreeze protein (AFP) mRNA was examined in a variety of tissues from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), and ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), each of which contains one of the three known AFP types. Northern blot analysis indicates that whereas the AFP mRNA is restricted to liver in sea raven (type II AFP), significant amounts of mRNA are present in many other tissues in both winter flounder (type I) and ocean pout (type III). These results indicate that in sea raven, antifreeze protein synthesis only occurs in the liver, whereas in the ocean pout and winter flounder, synthesis occurs in many tissues throughout the body. These investigations are relevant to understanding the mode of action of these polypeptides.

Studies of the Trematode Stephanostomum baccatum (Nicoll, 1907): I. The Distribution of the Metacercaria in Eastern Canadian Flounders

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wolfgang
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
The Witch ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Stephanostomum baccatum, an acanthocolpid trematode, encysts during its larval stage in eastern Canadian flounders, the most consistently and heavily infected species being the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). The infection is heaviest in Passamaquoddy Bay. Hosts are usually more heavily infected in inshore than in offshore waters. Infections are light in the Bras d'Or Lakes and the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Larger fish have heavier infections than smaller fish. S. baccatum infects both European and North American flounders; two of its hosts occur on both sides of the Atlantic: the witch, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (L.), and the American plaice (European long rough dab), Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabric.).

Melanophore distribution within the integumentary tissues of two teleost species, Pseudopleuronectes americanus and Gasterosteus aculeatus form leiurus

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Burton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Teleost Species ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
White Spots

In winter flounder, dermal melanophores are prominent chromatic components in the skin of the entire upper surface, and their arrangement is affected by imbrication of the ctenoid scales. Epidermal melanophores are also prominent over most of the body upper skin, scale imbrication having relatively little effect on their arrangement. Epidermal melanophores occur only sparsely on the fins and head skin, and are virtually absent from white spots of flounder disruptive patterns. In stickleback, epidermal melanophores were not observed. Melanophores with thin processes form a superficial dermal layer in the dorsal skin of the head and body of stickleback, and along the fin dermal supports. Melanophores with broad, wedge-like, processes form an extensive and continuous deep dermal layer in most of the body skin, which lacks scales, and on the operculum. Imbrication of the small number of lateral bony plates behind the operculum in leiurus sticklebacks does not greatly affect the melanophore arrangement. The skin structure of both species shows sexual dimorphism, but the respective melanophore layers are strongly developed in each sex.

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