Melanophore distribution within the integumentary tissues of two teleost species, Pseudopleuronectes americanus and Gasterosteus aculeatus form leiurus

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Burton
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Teleost Species ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
White Spots

In winter flounder, dermal melanophores are prominent chromatic components in the skin of the entire upper surface, and their arrangement is affected by imbrication of the ctenoid scales. Epidermal melanophores are also prominent over most of the body upper skin, scale imbrication having relatively little effect on their arrangement. Epidermal melanophores occur only sparsely on the fins and head skin, and are virtually absent from white spots of flounder disruptive patterns. In stickleback, epidermal melanophores were not observed. Melanophores with thin processes form a superficial dermal layer in the dorsal skin of the head and body of stickleback, and along the fin dermal supports. Melanophores with broad, wedge-like, processes form an extensive and continuous deep dermal layer in most of the body skin, which lacks scales, and on the operculum. Imbrication of the small number of lateral bony plates behind the operculum in leiurus sticklebacks does not greatly affect the melanophore arrangement. The skin structure of both species shows sexual dimorphism, but the respective melanophore layers are strongly developed in each sex.

Regulation of Zn2+ Uptake from the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Marine Teleost, the Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S2) ◽  
pp. s197-s205 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Shears ◽  
G. L. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Marine Teleost ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Rapid Accumulation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Uptake

The gastrointestinal uptake of Zn2+ was studied in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) using an in situ technique. The entire digestive tract was capable of absorbing Zn2+, with the uppermost portion of the intestine having the highest and the stomach the lowest capacity. A seasonal study revealed that the capacity of the digestive tract to absorb Zn2+ was greatest during the summer months. At least two steps appeared to be involved in the absorption process, the first a rapid accumulation of Zn2+ by the tissue, and the second a slower transfer into the body. The amount of Zn2+ absorbed increased with increasing loads of Zn2+ in the lumen; the transfer mechanism(s) was not saturated at the highest Zn2+ loads tested. Zn2+ uptake was inhibited in the presence of Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, and Hg2+. The capacity of the digestive tract to absorb Zn2+ was not affected by feeding the flounder a high-Zn2+ diet or by increasing body Zn2+ loads by intravenous injections. It is suggested that elimination mechanisms may play a greater role in maintaining Zn2+ homeostasis than controlling gastrointestinal uptake.

Digenean (Trematoda) populations in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) from Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, Canada

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Differential Migration ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay

Examination of monthly samples of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) from Passamaquoddy Bay revealed seven digenean parasites (Genolinea laticauda, Podocotyle atomon, Stenakron vetustum, Fellodistomum furcigerum, Derogenes varicus, Lecithaster gibbosus, and Steganoderma formosum) in the alimentary tract and two metacercariae (Stephanostomum baccatum and Cryptocotyle lingua) in the body surface tissues and gills. Prevalence of alimentary tract parasites ranged from 0.2 in S. formosum to 39.8 in P. atomon and intensity ranged from 1.5 for D. varicus to 7.0 for S. formosum (one fish). Monthly and seasonal levels of prevalence varied: high in spring and autumn and low in summer and winter for most species. Prevalence and length-frequency distributions of the parasites did not support differential migration by size group or diminishing feeding activity from spring to winter in winter flounder, as proposed in other studies.

Tissue distribution of fish antifreeze protein mRNAs

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Gong ◽  
Garth L. Fletcher ◽  
Choy L. Hew
Keyword(s):  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Sea Raven ◽  
Hemitripterus Americanus ◽  
Afp Mrna ◽  
Distribution Of Fish

The presence of fish antifreeze protein (AFP) mRNA was examined in a variety of tissues from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), and ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), each of which contains one of the three known AFP types. Northern blot analysis indicates that whereas the AFP mRNA is restricted to liver in sea raven (type II AFP), significant amounts of mRNA are present in many other tissues in both winter flounder (type I) and ocean pout (type III). These results indicate that in sea raven, antifreeze protein synthesis only occurs in the liver, whereas in the ocean pout and winter flounder, synthesis occurs in many tissues throughout the body. These investigations are relevant to understanding the mode of action of these polypeptides.

The integumentary melanophore patterns of two teleost species Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pseudopleuronectes americanus

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Burton
Keyword(s):  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
White Background ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Teleost Species

Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pseudopleuronectes americanus possess distinctive melanophore-based patterns associated with marked differences in body form and their respective pelagic and benthic habitats. Both patterns are due, in part, to a combination of two morphologically distinct types of melanophores, and local variations in melanophore size and density and number of melanophore layers. On black-to-white background transfer both patterns have slow and rapid-paling components associated respectively with large and small melanophores of different densities.

A Comprehensive Review on Nanotechnology-Based Innovations in Topical Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (44) ◽  
pp. 5720-5731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Singh Lalotra ◽  
Vishesh Singh ◽  
Bharat Khurana ◽  
Shelly Agrawal ◽  
Shubham Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Carrier Systems

Background: Skin is the largest organ of the body and helps to regulate several physiological functions. It acts as a barrier that protects the body against UV-radiation, toxic substances, infections, etc. The abnormal growth of the skin cells is called skin cancer. Different types of skin cancer can be classified as Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC); which mainly occur due to chronic exposure to UV- sunlight and pollution. Methods: The conventional topical treatments of skin cancer such as cream, gel, ointment, etc., are more occlusive and thus they do not penetrate deep into the skin (dermal layer) and remain at the upper part of the skin (epidermal layer). The stratum corneum acts as a physiological barrier for the drug-loaded in the conventional formulation. The novel carrier systems have the potential to facilitate the penetration of the drug deep into the skin (dermal layer) because these have less size and higher flexibility than conventional treatment. Conclusion: In the present review, we have discussed various novel carrier systems being investigated for the topical application of chemotherapeutic agents for efficient skin targeting and better dermatological as well as therapeutic benefits with minimal systemic exposure and toxicity.

scholarly journals Diversity and sexual dimorphism in the head lateral line system in North Sea populations of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae)

Zoomorphology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Ahnelt ◽  
David Ramler ◽  
Maria Ø. Madsen ◽  
Lasse F. Jensen ◽  
Sonja Windhager
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks

AbstractThe mechanosensory lateral line of fishes is a flow sensing system and supports a number of behaviors, e.g. prey detection, schooling or position holding in water currents. Differences in the neuromast pattern of this sensory system reflect adaptation to divergent ecological constraints. The threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is known for its ecological plasticity resulting in three major ecotypes, a marine type, a migrating anadromous type and a resident freshwater type. We provide the first comparative study of the pattern of the head lateral line system of North Sea populations representing these three ecotypes including a brackish spawning population. We found no distinct difference in the pattern of the head lateral line system between the three ecotypes but significant differences in neuromast numbers. The anadromous and the brackish populations had distinctly less neuromasts than their freshwater and marine conspecifics. This difference in neuromast number between marine and anadromous threespine stickleback points to differences in swimming behavior. We also found sexual dimorphism in neuromast number with males having more neuromasts than females in the anadromous, brackish and the freshwater populations. But no such dimorphism occurred in the marine population. Our results suggest that the head lateral line of the three ecotypes is under divergent hydrodynamic constraints. Additionally, sexual dimorphism points to divergent niche partitioning of males and females in the anadromous and freshwater but not in the marine populations. Our findings imply careful sampling as an important prerequisite to discern especially between anadromous and marine threespine sticklebacks.

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