Feeding chronology and daily ration calculations for winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), and ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Macdonald ◽  
Kenneth G. Waiwood
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Benthic Fish ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Gastric Evacuation ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Feeding chronologies of three species of cohabiting benthic fish, winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), are described. The volume of food eaten by each species at each of four collection times over 24 h was analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with fish length as the covariate. Daily ration was estimated using a gastric evacuation model, incorporating mean stomach volumes at four subdaily intervals and independent evacuation rates for slower (bivalves) and faster digested prey (amphipods and polychaetes). Winter flounder, American plaice, and ocean pout were daylight feeders with American plaice feeding more heavily later in the day. Winter flounder had the highest consumption rate (1.77% body weight/day) followed by ocean pout (1.68%) and American plaice (1.28%). Estimates of daily and subdaily food consumption were compared with corresponding estimates based on prey-specific state of digestion indices. This study indicates that estimating total and individual prey consumption at subdaily intervals provides a useful tool in determining feeding chronology and draws attention to potential biases encountered when more traditional analyses are used.

Rate of Gastric Evacuation for Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith D. Huebner ◽  
Richard W. Langton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Gastric Evacuation ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
Stomach Volume ◽  
Food Consumed

The rate of gastric evacuation of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, calculated from the rate of hunger return (determined as the amount eaten voluntarily at some time following a satiation meal) at ~ 6 °C was exponential and equaled 0.079 h−1. Feeding voluntarily on small pieces of squid, the fish ate 1.8–2.4% of their body weight per day, the actual weight of food consumed varying directly with fish weight so that ln wt food (g) = −2.988 + 0.780 ln wet wt fish (g). Stomach volume also varied with fish weight: stomach vol (cm3) = 0.923 + 0.039 wet wt fish (g). Preliminary estimates of daily ration using several independent models agree closely with laboratory measurements of daily consumption.Key words: winter flounder, gastric, evacuation

Studies of the Trematode Stephanostomum baccatum (Nicoll, 1907): I. The Distribution of the Metacercaria in Eastern Canadian Flounders

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wolfgang
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
The Witch ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Stephanostomum baccatum, an acanthocolpid trematode, encysts during its larval stage in eastern Canadian flounders, the most consistently and heavily infected species being the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). The infection is heaviest in Passamaquoddy Bay. Hosts are usually more heavily infected in inshore than in offshore waters. Infections are light in the Bras d'Or Lakes and the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Larger fish have heavier infections than smaller fish. S. baccatum infects both European and North American flounders; two of its hosts occur on both sides of the Atlantic: the witch, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (L.), and the American plaice (European long rough dab), Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabric.).

Digenean parasite communities in flatfishes of the Scotian Shelf and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2804-2811 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Scotian Shelf ◽  
Yellowtail Flounder ◽  
Limanda Ferruginea

Prevalence of digenean parasites in four major flatfishes of the Scotian Shelf and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), is compared between hosts in relation to geographic distribution, season, feeding behavior, and fish length. The 13 parasite species indicate overlap of feeding habits among hosts but also considerable diversity in feeding behavior, supporting the evidence from examination of stomach contents. Prevalence of digeneans in different final hosts varied between geographic areas and may be used to characterize the populations of the comparatively sedentary flatfish populations. Seasonal variation in prevalence was consistent from area to area but differed between parasites, from the expected increase in summer in some, concomitant with increased feeding, to a winter increase in others, probably related to a seasonal change of diet. Fish length had little effect on parasite prevalence in yellowtail flounder and witch flounder but had a notable effect on plaice and winter flounder from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, again apparently related to change of diet.

Studies of the Trematode Stephanostomum baccatum (Nicoll, 1907): II. Biology, with Special Reference to the Stages Affecting the Winter Flounder

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wolfgang
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Buccinum Undatum ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Hemitripterus Americanus

Stephanostomum baccatum, an acanthocolpid trematode, has the following host succession in eastern Canadian waters: Buccinum undatum and Neptunea decemcostatum (Gastropoda), primary intermediate hosts; the six common species of pleuronenctids, second intermediate hosts; Hemitripterus americanus and Hippoglossus hippoglossus, common definitive hosts. Infection of flatfish is by penetration of the integument of the host by an atypical Ophthalmoxiphidiocercous cercaria.The infection of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, as investigated in Passamaquoddy Bay, N.B., shows the following characteristics:1. The infection in inshore waters is greater near open water than on shoal grounds.2. For any given location deeper water samples show a higher incidence of infection than shoal samples.3. Larger fish have heavier infections than small ones.4. The growth of the flounder is not impeded by heavy cyst infections.5. No marked seasonal variation of infection can be demonstrated. Control is impractical.

Oocyte Maturation and Ovulation Induced in Hypophysectomized Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) by Preparations from Pituitary Glands of American Plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2142-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Campbell ◽  
D. R. Idler
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Con A ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Hypophysectomized winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) did not undergo spontaneous oocyte maturation, but the glycoprotein fraction of extracts of American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) pituitaries induced maturation and ovulation. The nonglycoprotein fractions, previously shown to contain a vitellogenic factor, were less efficient than the glycoprotein fractions in the induction of maturation and ovulation. The activity of the nonglycoprotein fraction was further reduced by rechromatography on Con-A Sepharose, suggesting that its action on oocyte maturation and ovulation was due to contamination by the glycoprotein gonadotropin. Key words: hypophysectomy, gonadotropin, oocyte, maturation, ovulation, vitellogenesis, flounder, plaice, Pseudopleuronectes, Hippoglossoides

The incidence of Glugea stephani (Protozoa: Microsporida) in winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, from the New York – New Jersey Lower Bay Complex and factors influencing it

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Cali ◽  
Peter M. Takvorian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Host Parasite

The microsporidium Glugea stephani is endemic in winter flounder from the New york – New Jersey area. The prevalence of infection fluctuates with water temperature on a seasonal basis, increasing in summer and decreasing in winter. From March 1981 through December 1983, 32 monthly collections were conducted. During this period 4002 winter flounder were caught and examined, 301 (7.5%) of which were infected. Data collected during the study indicated that although several factors may influence the host–parasite interaction, only water temperature changes could be statistically correlated with G. stephani infection in this winter flounder population. In an effort to determine what factors other than temperature affect prevalence of infection, fish length, sex, diet, and spawning behaviour were examined. Although these factors do not, at first, appear to influence infectivity, stress imposed on the host by physiological and environmental changes may be significant. Our results are compared with those from G. stephani in its type host, the European flounder Platichthys flesus.

Digenean (Trematoda) populations in winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) from Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick, Canada

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1699-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Differential Migration ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay

Examination of monthly samples of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) from Passamaquoddy Bay revealed seven digenean parasites (Genolinea laticauda, Podocotyle atomon, Stenakron vetustum, Fellodistomum furcigerum, Derogenes varicus, Lecithaster gibbosus, and Steganoderma formosum) in the alimentary tract and two metacercariae (Stephanostomum baccatum and Cryptocotyle lingua) in the body surface tissues and gills. Prevalence of alimentary tract parasites ranged from 0.2 in S. formosum to 39.8 in P. atomon and intensity ranged from 1.5 for D. varicus to 7.0 for S. formosum (one fish). Monthly and seasonal levels of prevalence varied: high in spring and autumn and low in summer and winter for most species. Prevalence and length-frequency distributions of the parasites did not support differential migration by size group or diminishing feeding activity from spring to winter in winter flounder, as proposed in other studies.

Rates of Digestion of Different Prey in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua), Ocean Pout (Macrozoarces americanus), Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), and American Plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Macdonald ◽  
Kenneth G. Waiwood ◽  
Roger H. Green
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Visual Index ◽  
Hippoglossoides Platessoides

Stomachs of ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) were removed and dissected 5, 12, 20, and 30 h after the fish had fed voluntarily to test the evacuation rates of three different prey species. Two evaluation procedures were used: a visual index of recognizabiiity, and a graphical analysis of percent of each prey recovered versus time since feeding. Three decay models were tested for goodness of fit to the evacuation data. The polychaete worms were the first to become unrecognizable, followed by amphipods. These species showed significantly different rates of evacuation when compared with the bivalves which were recognizable for the longest time. The exponential decay curve gave the best overall fit to the data. However, a linear model gave a good or better fit to the decay rate of the bivalve. The evacuation rates of different prey should be considered in estimating daily rations of fish in their environment.Key words: digestion, stomach content, food organism, Yoldia sapotilla, Tmetonyx cicada, Nephtys incisa

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