Genetic and environmental aspects of the response to water current by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) originating from inlet and outlet streams of two lakes

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2177-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Kelso ◽  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
C. F. Wehrhahn
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Parental Stock ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Response To Water

Directional responses to water current by young rainbow trout fry, originating from seven parental stocks spawning in inlet or outlet streams of two British Columbia lakes, were studied in laboratory channels at three levels of temperature and two of illumination (light, dark). Intrastock and one complete 7 × 7 diallel cross were propagated for the experiment. The response of fry to water current was significantly affected by parental stock, illumination, and temperature. Significant genetic differences in current response scores were found among stocks in both light and dark trials. Mean upstream movement scores were generally higher for fry with outlet fathers than for those with inlet fathers. When data for the light and dark diallel experiments were combined, the mean difference in upstream movement scores between fry with outlet fathers and those with inlet fathers was 0.94 ± 0.26 which is significant at the 0.001 level. The corresponding mean difference between fry from outlet × outlet and inlet × inlet crosses was 1.34 ± 0.38 which is significant at the 0.0005 level. The interplay of genetic and environmental factors regulating lakeward migration of the young trout from the different types of parental spawning streams is discussed.

Differential Response to Water Current by Two Homozygous LDH Phenotypes of Young Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
B. W. Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Migratory Behavior ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Downstream Movement

Above-waterfall, wild stocks of rainbow trout fry homozygous for liver lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldh HαA and ldh HαB were artificially propagated, and their response to water current was compared in experimental channels permitting upstream or downstream movement. Although HαA HαA phenotypes showed significantly more upstream movement than HαB HαB phenotypes in tests made under lighted conditions and less downstream movement in darkness, these differences in behavior cannot necessarily be ascribed to the ldh Hα locus. Implications to control of current responses in trout maintaining populations above waterfalls impassible to upstream migration are discussed.Key words: current response, LDH, rainbow trout, migratory behavior

scholarly journals Migratory Behaviour of Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, in Outlet and Inlet Streams of Loon Lake, British Columbia

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Outlet Stream ◽  
Downstream Movement

The marked differences in response to water current, exhibited by juvenile rainbow trout migrating into Loon Lake from its outlet and inlet streams, were studied both in the field and in experimental laboratory apparatus. All available evidence argued against genetically discrete outlet and inlet stocks, each maintaining different innate responses to water current. Difference in water temperature between streams was shown, in field and laboratory experiments, to regulate direction of juvenile trout migration through action on behaviour associated with downstream movement, maintenance of position and upstream movement.In laboratory experiments with cool (5 and 10 °C) flowing water, recently emerged fry rarely made contact with the stream bottom in darkness and exhibited much more downstream movement than in warm (> 14 °C) water. In cool streams of the Loon Lake system (daily mean consistently < 13 °C) large numbers of recently emerged fry moved downstream in darkness. Laboratory experiments indicated that combination of cool water (10 °C) and long day length (16 hours) induced downstream movement of fingerlings. In the field, fingerlings moved downstream largely in late spring and summer in cool streams of the Loon Lake system.In laboratory experiments with warm (15 and 20 °C) flowing water, recently emerged fry made frequent contact with the stream bottom in darkness and exhibited much less downstream movement than in cool (10 °C) water. In the warm outlet stream (daily mean in summer usually > 15 °C) recently emerged fry maintained position in darkness. Laboratory experiments suggested that short day length (8 hours) may facilitate maintenance of position exhibited by fingerlings in streams during late autumn and winter.Upstream movement of fry recorded in the field and tested in the laboratory was most pronounced in warm water (> 14 °C). Fingerlings subjected to rapid 5–degree (C) increases in water temperature in an experimental stream exhibited an immediate increase in upstream movement. Upstream movement in summer of large fry and fingerlings occurred only in the warm outlet stream; daily periodicity of upstream movement was positively correlated with sharp rises in water temperature.Evidence examined from four other widely separated stream systems indicated an environmental control of migration in juvenile rainbow trout similar to that demonstrated in the Loon Lake stream system. Possible mechanisms and interaction of factors controlling migratory patterns between and within streams are discussed. Significance of the predominant role played by temperature is considered.

scholarly journals Orientation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in normal and null magnetic fields

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Chew ◽  
G. E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Spatial Activity ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Normal Magnetic Field

In the absence of distinct visual or olfactory cues, adult and juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) showed preferred orientation in the presence of a normal magnetic field. In contrast, fish tested in a null magnetic field showed no directed orientation. These results were obtained in both the presence and absence of a slight (12-cm/s) circular water current. These findings indicate that nonanadromous salmonids, like anadromous forms, are capable of sensing magnetic cues during certain types of spatial activity.

Lakeward Migration of Young Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in the Upper Lardeau River, British Columbia

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Trout Lake ◽  
Kootenay Lake

Lakeward migration of rainbow trout fry was studied in the upper Lardeau River, where the young emerge from a spawning area immediately below the outlet of Trout Lake utilized by large trout from Kootenay Lake, about 56 km downstream. Most fry move downstream towards Kootenay Lake shortly after emergence; however, some, particularly later in the emergence period, move upstream into Trout Lake. Field observations and experiments suggest that water temperature may be important in inducing different responses to water current in these fish, but may not play such a predominant role or operate at the same levels as proposed earlier for control of young trout migration in the Loon Lake system.

The Effect of Physical Conditioning on the Metabolism of Lactate, Phosphate, and Glucose in Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Hammond ◽  
Cleveland P. Hickman Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Plasma Phosphate ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Lactate Levels

Physiological effects of physical conditioning to water current were studied on three groups of [Formula: see text]-year-old rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, acclimated to 4 C. Group one (control) was raised in still water. Groups two and three were conditioned to water velocities of 20 cm/sec and 40 cm/sec, respectively, for 16 days before sampling. Muscle and plasma samples were collected before exercise and four times during subjection to 15 min of forced swimming at 53.4 cm/sec and eight times during a 24-hr recovery period. Conditioning significantly delayed the point of fatigue during forced exercise: the unconditioned fish were fatigued after about 5 min swimming, group two after about 10 min swimming, and group three at about 15 min.Physically conditioned trout showed significantly higher muscle and plasma lactate levels when fatigued, and more rapid removal of lactate from muscle and plasma during recovery from fatigue, than unconditioned trout. Exercise resulted in parallel oscillating concentration fluctuations of tissue phosphate and significant increases in concentrations of plasma phosphate in both conditioned and unconditioned fish. Plasma glucose showed no significant change during exercise but rose slightly during the recovery of all groups.

Correction for Lag in Continuous-Flow Respirometry

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1214-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Respiration Chamber ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
Chamber Volume

The lag and damping effect caused by fluctuations in the oxygen content of the respiration chamber in continuous-flow respirometry can be eliminated by addition of the simple correction factor (chamber volume × initial – final outflow oxygen concentration) to the ordinarily used formula (flow × mean difference between inflow and outflow oxygen concentration). Metabolism data for six rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, are presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document