Correction for Lag in Continuous-Flow Respirometry

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1214-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Respiration Chamber ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
Chamber Volume

The lag and damping effect caused by fluctuations in the oxygen content of the respiration chamber in continuous-flow respirometry can be eliminated by addition of the simple correction factor (chamber volume × initial – final outflow oxygen concentration) to the ordinarily used formula (flow × mean difference between inflow and outflow oxygen concentration). Metabolism data for six rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, are presented.

Assessment of the Acute Toxicity, Growth Impairment, and Flesh Tainting Potential of a Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
K. W. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Static and continuous-flow bioassays utilizing juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were conducted on a northern Ontario bleached kraft mill effluent to assess the range of acute toxicity and related sublethal effects. The acute toxicity of the total mill effluent, as determined by static bioassay procedures, ranged from a 96-h LC50 value of 14–49.0% vol/vol. The results of these bioassays depended on testing methodology and effluent treatment systems employed by the mill when samples were collected. Continuous-flow bioassays conducted on the effluent Produced 96-h LC50 values of 21.8 and 24.8% vol/vol. Growth rate of juvenile rainbow trout (1–2 g) held under continuous-flow conditions for 18 days was significantly reduced at 6% vol/vol effluent concentration (P < 0.05). Flavor of yearling rainbow trout [Formula: see text] exposed to 3% effluent for 48 h was significantly impaired (P < 0.05). This effluent concentration, the lowest level impairing flavor represents approximately 0.12 of the 96-h LC50 derived from continuous-flow bioassays. No significant flavor impairment was detected in fish exposed for 144 h to a 2% effluent concentration Flavor impairment at a 3% vol/vol effluent concentration, the most sensitive sublethal response measured in this study, may also be the most critical response when assessing the economic impact of a kraft mill discharge to a freshwater ecosystem.

Genetic and environmental aspects of the response to water current by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) originating from inlet and outlet streams of two lakes

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2177-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Kelso ◽  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
C. F. Wehrhahn
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Parental Stock ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Response To Water

Directional responses to water current by young rainbow trout fry, originating from seven parental stocks spawning in inlet or outlet streams of two British Columbia lakes, were studied in laboratory channels at three levels of temperature and two of illumination (light, dark). Intrastock and one complete 7 × 7 diallel cross were propagated for the experiment. The response of fry to water current was significantly affected by parental stock, illumination, and temperature. Significant genetic differences in current response scores were found among stocks in both light and dark trials. Mean upstream movement scores were generally higher for fry with outlet fathers than for those with inlet fathers. When data for the light and dark diallel experiments were combined, the mean difference in upstream movement scores between fry with outlet fathers and those with inlet fathers was 0.94 ± 0.26 which is significant at the 0.001 level. The corresponding mean difference between fry from outlet × outlet and inlet × inlet crosses was 1.34 ± 0.38 which is significant at the 0.0005 level. The interplay of genetic and environmental factors regulating lakeward migration of the young trout from the different types of parental spawning streams is discussed.

The effect of changes in blood oxygen-carrying capacity on ventilation volume in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
F. M. Smith ◽  
D. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

1. Changes in ventilation volume (Vg) of rainbow trout caused by hypercapnia, hypoxia and anaemia were measured directly by collection of expired water. 2. Exposure to hypercapnic water (PCO2 range 0.5-2 kPa) increased Vg (by up to four times) by augmenting ventilatory stroke volume; breathing frequency remained constant. O2 added to the inspired water in maintained hypercapnia reduced Vg at all but the highest level of PCO2. 3. Vg increased when blood oxygen content was decreased by exposure to normoxic hypercapnia, but addition of O2 to the water increased blood oxygen content and Vg decreased. 4. When blood oxygen-carrying capacity was depressed by hypoxia or anaemia, Vg increased as it did during normoxic hypercapnia. 5. We suggest that ventilatory responses to low levels of hypercapnia, to hyperoxic hypercapnia, to hypoxia, and to anaemia in trout are related to changes in levels of blood oxygen content under these conditions.

scholarly journals Short Circuiting of the Ocular Oxygen Concentrating Mechanism in the Teleost Salmo gairdneri Using Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Fairbanks ◽  
J. Russell Hoffert ◽  
Paul O. Fromm
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Retinal Tissue ◽  
Rete Mirabile ◽  
Counter Current

Ocular oxygen concentration by the process of counter current multiplication in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was rapidly suppressed after intraperitoneal injections of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor CL-11,366. The rapidity with which this drug acted suggested a short circuiting of the choroidal rete mirabile. A comparison was made between the time after injection of inhibitor at which oxygen concentrating ability was lost to the time after injection of inhibitor at which its presence in red blood cells, choroidal rete, pseudobranch, and retinal tissue was first noted. A scheme for the possible role of carbonic anhydrase from each of these tissues in the process of ocular oxygen concentration is given.

Temperature Selection of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings in Vertical and Horizontal Gradients

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McCauley ◽  
W. L. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradients ◽  
Selection Of

Preferred temperatures of underyearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined in both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients. No statistically significant difference was found between the preferred temperatures by the two different methods. This suggests that the nature of the gradient plays a lesser role than generally believed in laboratory investigations of temperature preference.

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