scholarly journals Orientation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in normal and null magnetic fields

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Chew ◽  
G. E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Spatial Activity ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Normal Magnetic Field

In the absence of distinct visual or olfactory cues, adult and juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) showed preferred orientation in the presence of a normal magnetic field. In contrast, fish tested in a null magnetic field showed no directed orientation. These results were obtained in both the presence and absence of a slight (12-cm/s) circular water current. These findings indicate that nonanadromous salmonids, like anadromous forms, are capable of sensing magnetic cues during certain types of spatial activity.

scholarly journals Migratory Behaviour of Juvenile Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, in Outlet and Inlet Streams of Loon Lake, British Columbia

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Outlet Stream ◽  
Downstream Movement

The marked differences in response to water current, exhibited by juvenile rainbow trout migrating into Loon Lake from its outlet and inlet streams, were studied both in the field and in experimental laboratory apparatus. All available evidence argued against genetically discrete outlet and inlet stocks, each maintaining different innate responses to water current. Difference in water temperature between streams was shown, in field and laboratory experiments, to regulate direction of juvenile trout migration through action on behaviour associated with downstream movement, maintenance of position and upstream movement.In laboratory experiments with cool (5 and 10 °C) flowing water, recently emerged fry rarely made contact with the stream bottom in darkness and exhibited much more downstream movement than in warm (> 14 °C) water. In cool streams of the Loon Lake system (daily mean consistently < 13 °C) large numbers of recently emerged fry moved downstream in darkness. Laboratory experiments indicated that combination of cool water (10 °C) and long day length (16 hours) induced downstream movement of fingerlings. In the field, fingerlings moved downstream largely in late spring and summer in cool streams of the Loon Lake system.In laboratory experiments with warm (15 and 20 °C) flowing water, recently emerged fry made frequent contact with the stream bottom in darkness and exhibited much less downstream movement than in cool (10 °C) water. In the warm outlet stream (daily mean in summer usually > 15 °C) recently emerged fry maintained position in darkness. Laboratory experiments suggested that short day length (8 hours) may facilitate maintenance of position exhibited by fingerlings in streams during late autumn and winter.Upstream movement of fry recorded in the field and tested in the laboratory was most pronounced in warm water (> 14 °C). Fingerlings subjected to rapid 5–degree (C) increases in water temperature in an experimental stream exhibited an immediate increase in upstream movement. Upstream movement in summer of large fry and fingerlings occurred only in the warm outlet stream; daily periodicity of upstream movement was positively correlated with sharp rises in water temperature.Evidence examined from four other widely separated stream systems indicated an environmental control of migration in juvenile rainbow trout similar to that demonstrated in the Loon Lake stream system. Possible mechanisms and interaction of factors controlling migratory patterns between and within streams are discussed. Significance of the predominant role played by temperature is considered.

Assessment of the Acute Toxicity, Growth Impairment, and Flesh Tainting Potential of a Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
K. W. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Static and continuous-flow bioassays utilizing juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were conducted on a northern Ontario bleached kraft mill effluent to assess the range of acute toxicity and related sublethal effects. The acute toxicity of the total mill effluent, as determined by static bioassay procedures, ranged from a 96-h LC50 value of 14–49.0% vol/vol. The results of these bioassays depended on testing methodology and effluent treatment systems employed by the mill when samples were collected. Continuous-flow bioassays conducted on the effluent Produced 96-h LC50 values of 21.8 and 24.8% vol/vol. Growth rate of juvenile rainbow trout (1–2 g) held under continuous-flow conditions for 18 days was significantly reduced at 6% vol/vol effluent concentration (P < 0.05). Flavor of yearling rainbow trout [Formula: see text] exposed to 3% effluent for 48 h was significantly impaired (P < 0.05). This effluent concentration, the lowest level impairing flavor represents approximately 0.12 of the 96-h LC50 derived from continuous-flow bioassays. No significant flavor impairment was detected in fish exposed for 144 h to a 2% effluent concentration Flavor impairment at a 3% vol/vol effluent concentration, the most sensitive sublethal response measured in this study, may also be the most critical response when assessing the economic impact of a kraft mill discharge to a freshwater ecosystem.

Some Toxic Constituents of Chlorination-Stage Effluents from Bleached Kraft Pulp Mills

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. McKague
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mills

Constituents responsible for the toxicity of a sample of bleached kraft chlorination-stage effluent to juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were investigated. Tetrachlorocatechol, 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol, and 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone were identified and evidence was obtained for the presence of other chlorodihydroxybenzenes in toxic acidic fractions of the sample. Concentrations of 0.46 mg/L 3,4,5-trichloro- and 0.74 mg/L tetrachloro-catechol were estimated in the sample by analytical gas chromatography. Toxic materials in the nonacidic fraction were not identified although the nontoxic dichloromethyl methyl sulfone was isolated.Key words: chlorination-stage effluent, toxicity, pulp mill, chlorocatechols, chlorodihydroxybenzenes

Differential Response to Water Current by Two Homozygous LDH Phenotypes of Young Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
B. W. Kelso
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Migratory Behavior ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Downstream Movement

Above-waterfall, wild stocks of rainbow trout fry homozygous for liver lactate dehydrogenase alleles ldh HαA and ldh HαB were artificially propagated, and their response to water current was compared in experimental channels permitting upstream or downstream movement. Although HαA HαA phenotypes showed significantly more upstream movement than HαB HαB phenotypes in tests made under lighted conditions and less downstream movement in darkness, these differences in behavior cannot necessarily be ascribed to the ldh Hα locus. Implications to control of current responses in trout maintaining populations above waterfalls impassible to upstream migration are discussed.Key words: current response, LDH, rainbow trout, migratory behavior

Production and Movement of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a Headwater of Bothwell's Creek, Georgian Bay, Canada

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ross Alexander ◽  
Hugh R. MacCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Georgian Bay ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Total Annual Production ◽  
Calculated Ratio

Within the 21,500 m2 headwater, the standing population of juvenile rainbow trout reached a high of 7.05 g/m2 in October. Production was maximum during August at 1.77 g/m2. Total annual production is calculated at 284.5 kg (13.2 g/m2). Spring emigrants (no less than 4830 fish weighing 69 kg) were age I (91%) and age II. Minimum calculated ratio of production to yield as emigrants was 4.1:1. Comparatively few age 0 fish emigrated during summer. Because of their demonstrated capability to produce juveniles, sensitive headwaters must be preserved from ecological disturbance to assure self-perpetuating rainbow trout populations in the Great Lakes.

Effect of Aroclor 1254 and Mirex on Estradiol-lnduced Vitellogenin Production in Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Chen ◽  
P. C. Reid ◽  
R. Van Beneden ◽  
R. A. Sonstegard
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Sensitive Assay ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
17Β Estradiol

A rapid sensitive assay for vitellogenin using rocket immunoelectrophoresis was developed in juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) induced with 17β-estradiol. The assay detected vitellogenin serum levels as low as 0.05 mg/mL. Significant reduction of vitellogenin levels were detected in rainbow trout fed for 6 mo on diets contaminated with Aroclor 1254, Mirex, or a mixture of Aroclor 1254 and Mirex.

Effect of Growth Rate and Size of Fish on Rate of Intoxication by Waterfoorne Lead

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1243-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Hodson ◽  
D. George Dixon ◽  
Douglas J. Spry ◽  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
John B. Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout

Three experiments were undertaken to test the null hypotheses that increasing fish size and growth rate do not increase the rate of intoxication of fish by lead. The first experiment demonstrated that there were no significant correlations between weight of fish and either whole-body or blood lead concentrations in feral lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The whole-body lead concentration of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) was, however, negatively correlated to wet weight.During the second experiment, an 8-d laboratory exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to 100 μg/L of total waterborne lead caused a greater uptake of lead by opercular bone in small fish than in larger fish. No relationship was apparent between fish weight and uptake of lead by blood.Chronic exposure of juvenile rainbow trout to lead results in the development of black tails, a symptom of neurotoxicity. The final experiment related the incidence and prevalence of black tails to size and growth rate (ration level) of juvenile rainbow trout chronically exposed to 543 μg/L of total waterborne lead starting with the sac-fry stage. At weights below a common threshold size of 1.5–2.5 g, no black tails occurred; above this threshold the incidence of black tails was a function of growth rate, i.e. the rate at which fish reached the threshold size. The prevalence of black tails was always less in slowly growing fish.These experiments demonstrated that the rate of intoxication by lead, as indicated by uptake rates into tissues and the incidence and prevalence of a symptom of neurotoxicity, did not increase with fish size, but rather with growth rate.Key words: fish, toxicity, lead, fish size, growth rate, neurotoxicity, uptake

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