THE COELOMOCYTES OF HERMODICE CARUNCULATA (POLYCHAETA: AMPHINOMIDAE) IN RELATION TO DIGESTION AND EXCRETION

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Food Digestion

In Hermodice carunculata the anterior intestine is the part of the gut most active in the digestion of food. Digestion involves secretion by two types of cell and probably also intracellular digestion by invading coelomocytes. Amoebocytic cells appear to be active in the absorption of food in both the anterior and posterior intestine. Disposal of particulate waste also concerns amoebocytic cells which accumulate materials in a band along the midventral line of the body wall and in the middorsal line of the eversible buccal cavity and pharynx. From these bands small masses of particulate material are periodically shed.

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON DIGESTIVE ENZYMES OF HERMODICE CARUNCULATA

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Anterior Intestine

Extracts of the various regions of the digestive tract of Hermodice carunculata (Amphinomidae;Polychaeta) were tested for the digestion of olive oil, gelatin, fish flesh, and starch and for the production of glucose. The buccal region was found to lack amylytic enzymes. The pharynx, oesophagus, and anterior intestine produce all three categories of enzyme, lipase, protease, and amylase. The posterior intestine lacks a lipase. The probable digestive function of each region of the digestive tract is discussed as well as the significance of the dark tracts on the mid-ventral body wall and mid-dorsal pharyngeal lining.

THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF HERMODICE CARUNCULATA (PALLAS). POLYCHAETA: AMPHINOMIDAE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Stomatogastric Nervous System ◽  
Foreign Inclusion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata

Hermodice carunculata is common among the coral reefs and shallow waters of the West Indies where it has been observed to feed on living coral. Examination of gut contents reveals that this species is probably omnivorous. The digestive tract consists of five regions, a buccal cavity which is eversible, a muscular pharynx, a short oesophagus, an intestine which can be separated histologically into anterior and posterior regions, and a rectum. Elaborations of the buccal epithelium form muscular and glandular areas. Secretory materials are formed in considerable quantity by the glandular portion of the buccal cavity and by the anterior intestine. Secretory cells present in lesser abundance in other areas are described. Amoebocytes laden with foreign particles may accumulate in the wall of the rectum. Other foreign inclusion masses may be found in the epithelia of the buccal cavity, pharynx, and oesophagus as well as in the mid-ventral line of the body wall. The various parts of the digestive tract were tested for Y metachromasia with azure A and were treated with the periodic acid Schiff technique. The stomatogastric nervous system was followed.

Anatomy of the intestine of Ascaris suum: a three dimensional study with silicone rubber casts

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117
Author(s):  
Robert P. Harpur
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Female Worm ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Expansion Chamber ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Posterior Intestine

To facilitate studies of the physiology of Ascaris suum the relations between the intestine and the other organs were investigated. The anterior intestine, which starts, with a thin-walled expansion chamber, is held by connective tissue and by the bellies of muscle cells. A coarctation of the intestine marks the junction of the anterior and midintestine and in the female this narrowing occurs near the genital pore. The midintestine lies free amongst the reproductive organs and terminates near the most posterior excursions of the ovaries and uteri in the female, and of the testis in the male. The posterior intestine is attached continuously, but not initially circumferentially, to the body wall. Relative lengths for the different parts of the female worm are given and microfil casts made in situ with both sexes yielded information about the relative volumes of the midintestine and posterior intestine. The coarctation is the narrowest pan of the intestine and the largest cross-sectional area is reached at the start of the posterior intestine. The attachments to the body wall indicate that the anterior and posterior intestine change length like an accordion when the muscles contract but the cross-sectional area of the lumen is decreased by dorsoventral compression.

The fine structure of the body-wall and the growth of the cuticle in the adult nematode Ascaris lumbricoides

1965 ◽  
Vol s3-106 (73) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
B. D. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Matrix Layer ◽  
The Matrix

The fine structure of the body-wall in Ascaris lumbricoides was investigated by electron-microscopical techniques. The body-wall is composed of a cuticle, epidermis, and a single layer of muscle cells. The cuticle contains several layers: a superficial membrane, a cortex, the ‘fibrillar layer’, a matrix or homogeneous layer, 3 fibre layers, and a basal lamella. The cortex is divided into a homogeneous, external cortical layer, and a fibrous, internal cortical layer. The ‘fibrillar layer’ is a series of canals which extend from the inner part of the matrix layer to the cortex. The canals have distinct walls but no contents were demonstrated. No fibres or lamellae could, be detected in the matrix layer. The strands of the fibre layers and the basal lamella are formed from fine fibrils, less than 10 mµ in diameter. There is an inner system of canals that links the epidermis with the basal lamella and the fibre layers. The epidermis has a network of fibres, some of which attach the muscle cells to the cuticle. The muscle cell contains myofilaments of 2 types, an array of large filaments about 30 mµ. in diameter, each surrounded by a number of smaller filaments about 5 to 7 mµ in diameter. Glycogen occurs in the epidermis and muscle and is identified as granules; there tends to be a clumping together of granules to form deposits about 100 mµ in diameter. External to the sarcolemma lies a connective tissue sheath which contains collagen, probably in the form of fibrillar and particulate material. The cuticles of young adult Ascaris have a basic structure similar to that of the fully grown worms. During the growth of the adult worm the cuticle increases in volume, and this increase involves all the layers of the cuticle. The homogeneous or matrix layer increases in thickness more rapidly than the fibre layers, and both of these layers grow faster than the cortex. Ribonucleic acid is more abundant in the epidermis of young adults than in the fully grown worms and this is correlated with the development of endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. It is suggested that the extensive canal system in the cuticle transports materials to all layers of the cuticle.

Routes of excretion of particulate waste in the polychaete, Hermodice carunculata

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Haem Iron

The accumulation of particulate matter is described as taking place in the body wall, gills, intestinal epithelium, and nephridial duct of Hermodice carunculata. The quantity of material accumulated increases in starved and regenerating animals. Histochemical tests show that it is decidedly heterogeneous and suggested components include melanins, lipofuscins, and non-haem iron. The particulate matter is regarded as waste material eliminated through the body surface.

The Microfilaria of Brugia: A First Stage Nematode Larva

1971 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Laurence ◽  
M. G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Nematode Larva ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Aedes Togoi

(1) The structure of the microfilaria of Brugia (B. patei and B. pahangi) is redescribed and the development of B. patei is followed in the mosquito Aedes togoi for the first 4 days, up to the moult to the second larval stage.(2) The buccal cavity, the pharynx (or oesophagus), and the pharyngo-intestinal valve of the second stage larva are formed around the pharyngeal thread of the microfilaria. Part of this thread is moulted with the microfilarial cuticle at the moult to the second larval stage.(3) The intestine of the second stage larva is built up around the Innenkörper of the microfilaria from cells of the nuclear column.(4) The R cells (G 2—G 4 cells) of the microfilaria and the anal vesicle of the microfilaria continue into the second stage larva and eventually the rectum is formed between them.(5) The G cell (G 1 cell) does not form part of the gut of the second stage larva but becomes incorporated into the body wall with other cells from the nuclear column.(6) The subcuticular cells of the microfilaria continue as elongate spindle shaped cells in the cords of the second stage larva.(7) The significance of these results, which are at variance with earlier descriptions, are discussed and it is concluded that the microfilaria of Brugia is a very much modified first stage nematode larva, adapted to life in the capillaries of the vertebrate host. The microfilaria begins the metamorphosis to the structure of the second larval stage soon after entry into the insect vector.

Lymphangiomatosis of the Body Wall: A Report of Two Cases Associated with Chylothorax and Fatal Outcome

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Moerman ◽  
Chris Van Geet ◽  
Hugo Devlieger
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals A screen for genetic loci required for body-wall muscle development during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-498
Author(s):  
J Ahnn ◽  
A Fire
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Wall Muscle ◽  
Genetic Loci

Abstract We have used available chromosomal deficiencies to screen for genetic loci whose zygotic expression is required for formation of body-wall muscle cells during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. To test for muscle cell differentiation we have assayed for both contractile function and the expression of muscle-specific structural proteins. Monoclonal antibodies directed against two myosin heavy chain isoforms, the products of the unc-54 and myo-3 genes, were used to detect body-wall muscle differentiation. We have screened 77 deficiencies, covering approximately 72% of the genome. Deficiency homozygotes in most cases stain with antibodies to the body-wall muscle myosins and in many cases muscle contractile function is observed. We have identified two regions showing distinct defects in myosin heavy chain gene expression. Embryos homozygous for deficiencies removing the left tip of chromosome V fail to accumulate the myo-3 and unc-54 products, but express antigens characteristic of hypodermal, pharyngeal and neural development. Embryos lacking a large region on chromosome III accumulate the unc-54 product but not the myo-3 product. We conclude that there exist only a small number of loci whose zygotic expression is uniquely required for adoption of a muscle cell fate.

scholarly journals Advanced Research in Food Digestion

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Ana Andrés ◽  
Ana Heredia
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Digestion

Food digestion is the key process for delivering nutrients and bioactive compounds to the body [...]

scholarly journals Cloning and sequencing of cDNA of Sarcophaga peregrina humoral lectin induced on injury of the body wall.

1985 ◽  
Vol 260 (22) ◽  
pp. 12228-12233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Takahashi ◽  
H Komano ◽  
N Kawaguchi ◽  
N Kitamura ◽  
S Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing
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