THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF HERMODICE CARUNCULATA (PALLAS). POLYCHAETA: AMPHINOMIDAE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Stomatogastric Nervous System ◽  
Foreign Inclusion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata

Hermodice carunculata is common among the coral reefs and shallow waters of the West Indies where it has been observed to feed on living coral. Examination of gut contents reveals that this species is probably omnivorous. The digestive tract consists of five regions, a buccal cavity which is eversible, a muscular pharynx, a short oesophagus, an intestine which can be separated histologically into anterior and posterior regions, and a rectum. Elaborations of the buccal epithelium form muscular and glandular areas. Secretory materials are formed in considerable quantity by the glandular portion of the buccal cavity and by the anterior intestine. Secretory cells present in lesser abundance in other areas are described. Amoebocytes laden with foreign particles may accumulate in the wall of the rectum. Other foreign inclusion masses may be found in the epithelia of the buccal cavity, pharynx, and oesophagus as well as in the mid-ventral line of the body wall. The various parts of the digestive tract were tested for Y metachromasia with azure A and were treated with the periodic acid Schiff technique. The stomatogastric nervous system was followed.

The Effect of Exposure Process of Toluene To The Spermatogonia Cell a Rattus Strain Wistar

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas Iqbal ◽  
Muchtaruddin Mansyur ◽  
Pudji Sari ◽  
Dwi Anita Suryandari ◽  
Pramudianto
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
A Cells ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toluene Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Intoduction: Acute and chronic exposure to toluene at high doses is known to affect all organs of the body including the spermatogenesis process. In the industrial sector, the use of toluene as a solvent is still widely used, up to 10 million tons per year. The control over health problems that may occur is carried out by applying work exposure threshold values. This research aims to explore the effect of toluene exposure at the threshold value range on spermatogenesis.Method: This research used laboratory experiment on 30 male Wistar rats which were divided into five groups of different exposure levels, namely 12.5 parts per million (ppm], 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and no exposure (control). Exposure was given for 4 hours daily over 14 days through a hood with measured release in the glass cage. The toluene exposure markers observed were Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood tissue and testicles using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method. The effect on the spermatogenicity process was assessed by counting the spermatogonia A cells of male Wistar rats with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and is calculated by the Abercrombie formula. Analysis of the correlation between the level of exposure and its effect on the increase in malondialdehyde, and spermatogenesis was carried out using the Spearman correlation analysis.Result: There was a moderately positive correlation between levels of toluene exposure and plasma MDA levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.025). Meanwhile, on [the issue of] the quantity of spermatogonia cells, a high level of negative correlation with exposure levels was obtained (r = -0.68; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Toluene exposure in male Wistar rats within the range of threshold values influenced the increase in plasma MDA levels and decreased the Spermatogenia A cells. However, toluene exposure did not affect the testicular MDA levels of male Wistar rats.

HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 3-TRIFLUORMETHYL-4-NITROPHENOL (TFM) ON LARVAL LAMPREY AND TROUT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Christie ◽  
Helen I. Battle
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Sinusoidal Dilatation ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Red Coloration

Larvae of the lamprey, Entosphenus lamottei (Le Sueur), and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, were exposed to the sodium salt of 3-trifluormethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) in concentrations of 0.75 p.p.m., 3.00 p.p.m., and 6.00 p.p.m. Microscopic examination of changes induced in the gills, liver, cloacal region, and musculature were made on 7-micron sections stained with Harris' haematoxylin and Bowie's eosin, and in the gill region with periodic acid Schiff reagent. A comparison of the degree of the effects in the two species was made by planimetry of the vascular, cellular, and edematous areas from enlarged drawings of sections.Upon exposure to lethal concentrations of TFM, the body of the larval lamprey becomes distended at the pharyngeal level and heavy cords of mucus emerge from the external gill clefts. A deep red coloration is evident in the pharyngeal region consequent upon vasodilatation of the arterioles and capillaries of the gill filaments. Trout exhibit a similar vasodilatation of the gills together with increased mucous secretion. Edema in the connective tissue between the respiratory epithelium and the vascular endothelium is induced in both species. After prolonged exposure to TFM, the mucous cells in the lining of the branchial chamber and covering the tips of the gill filaments are actively discharging their secretions or completely spent.Certain effects induced by TFM in the larval lamprey are not evident in the trout. The cloacal region takes on a deep red coloration due to dilatation of the venous sinuses and the liver becomes reddish because of sinusoidal dilatation. Extensive edema of the fibrous connective tissue of the skeletal musculature is characteristically present. A slightly increased secretory activity of mucous-secreting cells may occur in the epidermis.With the techniques employed in this study, there was no evidence in either species of cytological or histological changes in the nervous tissue, cardiac musculature, notochord, alimentary canal (including the haemopoietic typhlosole of the lamprey), or mesonephros.

THE COELOMOCYTES OF HERMODICE CARUNCULATA (POLYCHAETA: AMPHINOMIDAE) IN RELATION TO DIGESTION AND EXCRETION

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Rattenbury Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Intestine ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
Food Digestion

In Hermodice carunculata the anterior intestine is the part of the gut most active in the digestion of food. Digestion involves secretion by two types of cell and probably also intracellular digestion by invading coelomocytes. Amoebocytic cells appear to be active in the absorption of food in both the anterior and posterior intestine. Disposal of particulate waste also concerns amoebocytic cells which accumulate materials in a band along the midventral line of the body wall and in the middorsal line of the eversible buccal cavity and pharynx. From these bands small masses of particulate material are periodically shed.

scholarly journals The development of Psychodiella sergenti (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) in Phlebotomus sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIE LANTOVA ◽  
PETR VOLF
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Phlebotomus Sergenti ◽  
Schiff Reaction

SUMMARYPsychodiella sergenti is a recently described specific pathogen of the sand fly Phlebotomus sergenti, the main vector of Leishmania tropica. The aim of this study was to examine the life cycle of Ps. sergenti in various developmental stages of the sand fly host. The microscopical methods used include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy of native preparations and histological sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Psychodiella sergenti oocysts were observed on the chorion of sand fly eggs. In 1st instar larvae, sporozoites were located in the ectoperitrophic space of the intestine. No intracellular stages were found. In 4th instar larvae, Ps. sergenti was mostly located in the ectoperitrophic space of the intestine of the larvae before defecation and in the intestinal lumen of the larvae after defecation. In adults, the parasite was recorded in the body cavity, where the sexual development was triggered by a bloodmeal intake. Psychodiella sergenti has several unique features. It develops sexually exclusively in sand fly females that took a bloodmeal, and its sporozoites bear a distinctive conoid (about 700 nm long), which is more than 4 times longer than conoids of the mosquito gregarines.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND CYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HOLOCRINE CELLS IN THE EPIDIDYMIS OF THE MOUSE

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 628-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN MARTAN ◽  
JOHN M. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Highly Active

Holocrine secretory cells have been identified in the epithelium of the epididymal canal of the mouse. These cells develop from basal cells. During their differentiation they grow toward the lumen of the epididymal canal and come to form club-shaped structures with an expanded apical portion, a central nucleus and a thin stalk-like connection to the basement membrane. Mature holocrine cells are characterized by their high acid phosphatase and aliesterase activity. They also are highly active for succinic dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase. Nucleoside diphosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and alkaline nucleoside phosphatase are also found in these cells. These cells are also characterized by their reactivity with the Aoyama and periodic acid-Schiff reactions. They react moderately with the molybdate and Luxol Fast Blue MBS reactions for choline containing compounds. Mature holocrine cells may disintegrate in situ or may be discharged in toto into the lumen of the epididymal canal. Glycerylphosphorylcholine was identified in extracts prepared from sperm-free epididymides of mice. Glycerylphosphorylcholine reacts with Aoyama and periodic acid-Schiff reactions as do mature holocrine cells. This fact coupled with the identification of choline containing material in holocrine cells suggests that they may be one site for the formation of glycerylphosphorylcholine.

scholarly journals Histology and Mucous Histochemistry of the Integument and Body Wall of a Marine Polychaete Worm,Ophryotrochan. sp. (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) Associated with Steelhead Trout Cage Sites on the South Coast of Newfoundland

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Murray ◽  
D. Gallardi ◽  
Y. S. Gidge ◽  
G. L. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
The South ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Marine Polychaete

Histology and mucous histochemistry of the integument and body wall of a marine polychaete worm,Ophryotrochan. sp. (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with Steelhead trout cage sites on the south coast of Newfoundland. A new species of polychaete (Ophryotrochan. sp. (Annelida: Dorvilleidae)) was identified from sediment below Steelhead trout cages on the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada. The organisms were observed to produce a network of mucus in which groups of individuals would reside. Questions regarding the nature and cellular source of the mucus were addressed in this study. Samples of worms were taken from below cages and transported to the laboratory where individuals were fixed for histological study of the cuticle and associated mucus histochemistry. The body wall was organized into segments with an outer cuticle that stained strongly for acid mucopolysaccharides. The epidermis was thin and supported by loose fibrous connective tissue layers. Channels separating individual segments were lined with cells staining positive for Alcian blue. Mucoid cellular secretions appeared thick and viscous, strongly staining with Alcian blue and Periodic Acid Schiff Reagent. It was noted that lateral channels were connected via a second channel running through the anterior/posterior axis. The role of mucus secretion is discussed.

Agarose plug instillation causes goblet cell metaplasia by activating EGF receptors in rat airways

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. L185-L192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heung-Man Lee ◽  
Kiyoshi Takeyama ◽  
Karim Dabbagh ◽  
James A. Lausier ◽  
Iris F. Ueki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Egf Receptors ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Goblet Cell Metaplasia

We hypothesized that foreign bodies in airways cause inflammation leading to goblet cell metaplasia. Instilled agarose plugs lodged in the bronchi of pathogen-free rats caused a time-dependent increase in Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining that was detected within 24 h and markedly increased at 72 h. Control bronchi contained no pregoblet or goblet cells, but plugged bronchi contained many pregoblet and goblet cells and a decrease in nongranulated secretory cells. In situ hybridization showed no expression of MUC5AC in control airways, but plugged airways showed a marked expression. Control bronchi showed sparse staining for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein, but plugged bronchi showed intense EGFR staining in the epithelium. Pretreatment with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BIBX1522) prevented Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining and MUC5AC gene expression in plugged bronchi. Pretreatment with tumor necrosis factor-α neutralizing antibody or pretreatment with cyclophosphamide abolished plug-induced EGFR protein expression and goblet cell metaplasia. Thus instillation of agarose plugs induces profound goblet cell metaplasia by causing EGFR expression and activation.

Ovariectomy increases the phenotypic plasticity of the female prostate epithelium in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Zanatelli ◽  
Ana M. G. Custodio ◽  
Manoel F. Biancardi ◽  
Fernanda C. A. Santos ◽  
Rejane M. Góes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Female Prostate ◽  
Prostate Epithelium

The female prostate is a reproductive gland that typically presents a morphology similar to that of the male gland and is highly developed in female Mongolian gerbils. Two main cell populations compose the epithelium gland: basal and secretory luminal cells. However, during postnatal development, diverse secretory cell phenotypes are distributed among the typical ones. Prostate homeostasis is under the control of sexual hormones, such as oestrogen and progesterone. After hormonal deprivation the female gland undergoes several morphophysiological changes. The objective of this study was to identify and characterise, structurally and ultrastructurally, the cellular heterogeneity of the female prostate epithelium in normal conditions and after ovariectomy. Histological routine stains, such as haematoxylin–eosin, periodic acid–Schiff and silver impregnation, as well as immunocytochemical techniques were used to enable identification of the different cell types. Some secretory cells types were identified and characterised as mucinous, basophil, clear, ciliated, droplet, spumous and neuroendocrine cells. Population tally data showed that the hormonal suppression caused by ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in the proportions of basophil and clear cells and an increase in spumous cells. Thus, the secretory epithelial cells of the female gerbil prostate are not morphologically and functionally uniform, presenting a phenotypical plasticity according to the hormonal environment in which they operate.

scholarly journals Histology and histochemistry of the reproductive potential of Acartia clausi (copepoda: calanoida)

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S4) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Morgado ◽  
S. Terdalkar ◽  
J.R. Gadelha ◽  
M.L. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Microscopic Studies

The seasonal fluctuations in zooplankton densities in temperate climates have been long known and the multiplicity of performed studies identified a vast number of factors responsible for these phenomena, such as changes in the physico-chemical factors and other such types of environmental forces governing them. Acartia clausi is a euryaline temperate-boreal species very common in the Portuguese coastal ecosystems, in both estuarine and coastal waters. It is usually described as a temperate water species of neritic calanoid copepod, which is associated with warmer water regions, and as a result becomes more abundant in the summer months, reaching a biomass maximum during the months of July and August. Growth and egg production have been studied extensively in some Acartia species. In the present study histology and histochemistry were selected to determine the reproductive potential of A. clausi.The ovigerous females were identified with a binocular microscope, isolated and fixed in the Bouin’s solution for histological (5 om thickness, mounting and Haematoxylin - Eosin staining) and histochemical analysis (Periodic Acid Schiff method (PAS) with Haematoxylin as a counter stain for the identification of the carbohydrate content and vitellogenic oocytes. The size of the oocytes was evaluated through measurements made with a micrometer.The microscopic studies and Image analysis indicated that, in the month of September, the majority of the oocytes were immature and had reduced or almost negligible carbohydrate contents with very few vitellogenic oocytes (Figure 1 A and B), while the specimens from the month of March exhibited a large difference in the oocyte dimensions. These were mature and more vitellogenic and occupied almost half the volume of the body (Figure 1 C, D and E). This shows that, during the month of September, the environmental conditions are not favorable for the maturation of gonads in these species while in the month of March they proliferate and the species shows a high degree of reproductive potential.This work forms a valid approach in understanding the population fluctuations and reproductive status in a key species of copepod showing a particular temporal variation associated with its reproductive strategy.

scholarly journals Structural and Ultrastructural Morphological Evaluation of Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) Prostate Gland

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Fernanda Moura ◽  
Letícia Sampaio ◽  
Priscila Kobayashi ◽  
Renee Laufer-Amorim ◽  
João Carlos Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Ultrastructural Feature ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Young Subjects

The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species from Central and South America, and is considered possibly extinct in Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Uruguay. Due to the species’ conservation and reproductive importance, this research aimed to characterize the morphology, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural feature of the giant anteater prostate gland. For this, we collected 11 giant anteater prostate glands and performed macroscopic, morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. Nine prostate glands from an adult subject and two from young subjects were studied. Grossly, the adult giant anteater prostate gland is divided in two distinct zones; the central zones (composed mainly of ducts) and the peripheral zones (of acini formed by secretory cells). The secretory cells showed positive periodic acid–Schiff staining. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical characterization revealed a similar human prostate pattern, with p63 staining basal cells, uroplakin III (UPIII) superficial cells of prostatic urethra, androgen receptor (AR) expressing nucleus of secretory and stromal cells, and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) staining prostatic epithelial cells. Overall, our research provided an in-depth morphological description of the giant anteater’s prostate gland, providing valuable information for futures studies focused on giant anteater conservation.

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