A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE AND p-DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE ON RAT LIVER

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240
Author(s):  
W. A. Mannell ◽  
H. C. Grice
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Number Of Cells

Rats receiving 2% maleic hydrazide (MH) in their diet and rats fed 0.06% p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB), for periods up to 26 weeks, were compared with a control group on a stock diet. For the rats on DAB there was a decrease in body weight, in desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) per liver cell nucleus, and in the size of the average liver cell. There was an increase in liver weight, in DNA per liver, and in the number of cells per liver. These findings confirmed previous work with this compound. No significant changes were found in any of these measurements for the rats on MH. Pathological study revealed liver neoplasms in all animals fed DAB for 10 weeks or longer. No abnormal findings were reported for any rats on MH. The results indicate that maleic hydrazide, an antisprouting agent, does not produce any effects in rat liver similar to those caused by DAB, a known carcinogen.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE AND p-DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE ON RAT LIVER

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Mannell ◽  
H. C. Grice
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Number Of Cells

Rats receiving 2% maleic hydrazide (MH) in their diet and rats fed 0.06% p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB), for periods up to 26 weeks, were compared with a control group on a stock diet. For the rats on DAB there was a decrease in body weight, in desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) per liver cell nucleus, and in the size of the average liver cell. There was an increase in liver weight, in DNA per liver, and in the number of cells per liver. These findings confirmed previous work with this compound. No significant changes were found in any of these measurements for the rats on MH. Pathological study revealed liver neoplasms in all animals fed DAB for 10 weeks or longer. No abnormal findings were reported for any rats on MH. The results indicate that maleic hydrazide, an antisprouting agent, does not produce any effects in rat liver similar to those caused by DAB, a known carcinogen.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Polyphenol Enriched Complex Plants Extract on Metabolic Dysfunctions Associated with Obesity and Related Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases in High Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Ahtesham Hussain ◽  
Jin Sook Cho ◽  
Jong-Seok Kim ◽  
Young Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Plants Extract

Background: Currently, obesity is a global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence and associated health risk. It is associated with various metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke, certain forms of cancer, and non-alcoholic liver diseases (NAFLD). Objective: The aim of this study to evaluate the effects of polyphenol enriched herbal complex (Rubus crataegifolius/ellagic acid, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge/vitexin, chlorogenic acid, Cinnamomum cassiaa/cinnamic acid) on obesity and obesity induced NAFLD in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. Methods: Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6 mice using HFD. After 8 weeks, the mice were treated with HFD+ plants extract for 8 weeks. Body weight, food intake weekly, and blood sugar level were measured. After sacrifice, changes in the treated group’s liver weight, fat weight, serum biochemical parameters, hormone levels, and enzyme levels were measured. For histological analysis, tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Oil Red-O. Results: Our results showed that the herbal complex ameliorated body weight and liver weight gain, and decreased total body fat in HFD-fed animals. Post prandial blood glucose (PBG) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were lower in the herbal complex-treated group than in the HFD control group. Additionally, herbal formulation treatment significantly increased HDL levels in serum and decreased TC, TG, AST, ALT, deposition of fat droplets in the liver, and intima media thickness (IMT) in the aorta. Herbal complex increased serum adiponectin and decreased serum leptin. Herbal complex also increased carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT) activity and significantly decreased enzyme activity of beta-hydroxy beta methyl glutamyl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the herbal complex is an effective herbal formulation in the attenuation of obesity and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction including NAFLD in HFD-induced mouse model.

scholarly journals Effect of Lactococcus lactis vs. Lactobacillus spp. bacteria on chicken body weight, mortality, feed conversion and carcass quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszek Brzóska ◽  
Bogdan Śliwiński ◽  
Krystyna Stecka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dressing Percentage

AbstractA total of 608 Ross 308 broiler chickens of both sexes were studied to determine the effect of Lactococcus lactis 847 bacteria compared to probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus delbruecki 838 and Lactobacillus plantarum 837 on body weight, feed consumption and conversion, mortality, dressing percentage, postmortem carcass traits, composition of breast muscle tissue, and blood plasma traits. Feeding diets with bacteria to chickens did not increase body weight at 42 days of age or improve feed conversion compared to control chickens. It significantly reduced chicken mortality compared to the control group, from 3.3% to 1.4% (P<0.01). No significant differences were found in feed consumption and conversion. There were no significant differences in the weight of carcasses and their parts. Lactococcus lactis 847 and Lactobacillus plantarum 837 bacteria significantly increased dressing percentage (P<0.05). Lactococcus lactis 847 significantly increased liver weight (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in carcass fatness, and in the dry matter, protein and fat content of breast muscles. Feeding diet with Lactobacillus plantarum 837 to chickens significantly decreased plasma triglyceride levels, and feeding diet with Lactobacillus delbruecki 838 and Lactobacillus plantarum 837 significantly decreased the level of high-density cholesterol (P<0.05). In conclusion, Lactococcus lactis 847 bacteria in diet significantly reduce losses due to digestive disorders while having no effect on the quantity and proportion of saleable cuts in the carcass, the composition of breast muscles and basic blood parameters.

scholarly journals Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Causes Morphological and Ultrastructural Changes in Rat Liver that Resemble the Natural History of Chronic Fatty Liver Disease in Humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Natália Lucchesi ◽  
Lucas Langoni Cassettari ◽  
César Tadeu Spadella
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Long Term Effects

Purpose. This study evaluated the long-term effects of alloxan-induced diabetes in rat liver.Methods. Thirty nondiabetic control rats (NC) and 30 untreated diabetic (UD) rats were divided into three subgroups sacrificed after 6, 14, or 26 weeks. Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. Fresh liver weight and its relationship with body weight were obtained, and liver tissue was analyzed.Results. UD rats showed sustained hyperglycemia, high glycosylated hemoglobin, and low plasma insulin. High serum levels of AST and ALT were observed in UD rats after 2 weeks, but only ALT remained elevated throughout the experiment. Fresh liver weight was equal between NC and UD rats, but the fresh liver weight/body weight ratio was significantly higher in UD rats after 14 and 26 weeks. UD rats showed liver morphological changes characterized by hepatic sinusoidal enlargement and micro- and macrovesicular hepatocyte fatty degeneration with progressive liver structure loss, steatohepatitis, and periportal fibrosis. Ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes, such as a decrease in the number of intracytoplasmic organelles and degeneration of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclei, were also observed.Conclusion. Alloxan-induced diabetes triggered liver morphological and ultrastructural changes that closely resembled human disease, ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis.

THE DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF THE LIVER NUCLEI OF IMMATURE PULLETS TREATED WITH GONADAL HORMONES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. J. Phillips ◽  
W. A. Maw ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cell ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Cellular Hypertrophy ◽  
Liver Nuclei ◽  
Number Of Cells

Treatment of sexually immature pullets with estrogen, or with estrogen plus androgen, increased significantly the number of liver cell nuclei per kgm. live weight, but did not significantly affect the average amount of DNAP per nucleus (2.67 × 10−10 mgm. DNAP per nucleus). It is shown that increase in number of cells can account for approximately half the increase in liver weight evoked by estrogen or estrogen plus androgen. The rest of the increase may be in large part a consequence of cellular hypertrophy.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF QUERCUS ILEX LEAVES EXTRACT IN ETHANOL INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
RENU MALIK ◽  
K. G. SINGHAL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Quercus ilex leaves extract (QILE) on ethanol-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering ethanol (40%) at a dose of 7.9 gm/kg/day; p. o. (1:1 of ethanol in olive oil) for 28 d. Silymarin 100 mg/kg/day; p. o. was used as a standard drug. The whole study was divided into a prophylactic and curative study. In the prophylactic study, the Silymarin and QILE (test drug) 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg Body Weight(BW) given orally one hour before administration of 40% ethanol administration for 28 d. In the curative study, 7 d of treatment of Silymarin and QILE 200 and 400 mg/kg BW was given orally after 28 d of ethanol administration to different groups. Results: Hepatoprotectivity was confirmed by the highly significantly (p<0.001) restoration of elevated biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, TB, and highly significantly (p<0.001) depleted Albumin and Total protein levels by 200 mg/kg BW QILE in comparison to the positive control group. QILE 200 mg/kg highly significantly (p<0.001) raised the antioxidants by draining the elevated oxidative stress markers in comparison of positive control group. At dose levels QILE 200 mg/kg, significant (p<0.05) protection from loss in body weight and in liver weight was found when the comparison was done with the positive control group. Histopathology revealed that QILE 200 mg/kg reduced the markers of cell necrosis. Conclusion: Present study revealed that Quercus ilex leaves have antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity due to its chemical constituents.

Hindlimb Muscle Atrophy Occurs From Short-Term Undernutrition in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Yoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term (7 days) undernutrition on Type I (soleus) and Type II (plantaris, gastrocnemius) muscles in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats ( N = 20) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group ( n = 10) in which animals were allowed to have water and pellets ad libitum and an undernourished group ( n = 10) in which animals were allowed to have 37% of the total food intake of the control group and water ad libitum. Body weight and food intake were measured daily. After 7 days, rats were anesthetized and the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles and liver were dissected. Body weight, liver weight, muscle weight, Types I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content were determined. After 7 days of undernutrition, the undernourished group showed significant decreases ( p < .05) compared to the control group in body weight, liver weight, muscle weight of soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles, and cross-sectional areas of Types I and II fiber of the plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effect of Ficus lacor Aerial Roots of Various Fractions on Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Sindhu ◽  
Sandeep Arora
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Adjuvant Induced Arthritis ◽  
Aerial Roots ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
And Control

The present study was carried out to evaluate antiarthritic potential and phytochemical screening of various extracts of Ficus lacor aerial roots. The antiarthritic activity was evaluated by adjuvant-induced arthritis at the dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight and the standard drug used was indomethacin. The extracts administered in higher doses reduced the lesions to a greater extent showing a dose-dependent decrease in lesions comparable with standard drug indomethacin. The extracts of FLPE and FLET showed significant increase in body weight as compared to arthritic control group as well as an increase in liver weight, a decrease in liver weight, and an increase in spleen weight in arthritis control. The extracts of FLPE and FLET showed significant decrease in WBC count, increase in hemoglobin contents, and RBC count as compared to control group. FLEA and FLCF were not able to produce a significant effect. There was significant reduction in production of IL-1 and TNF-α level between model group and control group in serum. In conclusion, we demonstrate that, at 100 mg/kg body weight, doses of FLPE and PLET extracts were highly effective in preventing and suppressing the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vivo Synergistic Hypoglycemic & Hypolipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Calotropis gigantean Leaves in Combination to Metformin in Alloxan Induced Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nisrat Jahan ◽  
Nasreen Akter ◽  
Mosiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypolipidemic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic & hypolipidemic activity of Calotropis gigantean (Family: Apocynaceae) in alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Study Design: In vivo study was carried out by ethanolic leaf extract was administered in 250 mg/kg body weight concentration and then subjected to different rats models to authenticate the antidiabetic and hyperlipidimic properties of the plant. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka-1213,Bangladesh within a period of July 2018 to December, 2018. Methodology: Diabetes was induced in rats by an intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of alloxan (100 mg/kg B.W). Ethanolic leaf extract of C. gigantean (250 mg/kg B.W) was administrated orally as a single dose per day to the diabetic rats for 7 days. The negative control group received 0.5 ml of sterile normal saline water orally & positive control group received metformin orally. Synergistic effect of plant was evaluated by combination with 100 mg/kg B.W & 50 mg/kg B.W oral administration of metformin. After 7 days study period, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver weight & body weight were measured only for diabetic group to observe the effects of diabetes induction. Results: Individual plant extract (250 mg/Kg B.W) & Metformin (100 mg/kg B.W) reduced FBG significantly by 52% (P<0.001) & 55.3% (P<0.001) correspondingly. Metformin (100 mg/kg B.W) potentiated reduction (68%) (P<0.001) when combined to plant extract (250 mg/Kg B.W). Significant dose dependent manner was followed when metformin (50 mg/kg B.W) was combined to plant extract (250 mg/Kg B.W). Our results clearly suggests that C. gigantean exhibit hypoglycemic & hypolipidemic activity with an alteration in body-liver weight. The present study also suggested to develop a combination therapy of extract along with metfromin in different doses to minimize the intake of synthetic drug. Significant reduction of TG, TC were noted by extract (250 mg/kg B.W) with 32.42% (P<0.001) & 41.32% (P<0.001) respectively where standard shown the diminution 43.43% (P<0.05) & 47.21% (P<0.001) respectively as compare to Untreated diabetic rats. 50.21% (P<0.01) & 42.38% (P<0.001) reduction of TG & TC were estimated by C.gigantea extracts (250 mg/kg B.W) when combined with Metformin (100 mg/kg B.W). 34.53% (P<0.05) & 41.54% (P<0.001) reduction of TG & TC by C.gigantea extracts (250 mg/kg B.W) were confirmed when combined to Metformin (50 mg/kg B.W). Combination therapy also has shown synergistic effect in elevation of plasma HDL-cholesterol. Conclusion: The results of the study concluded that C. gigantean have potential antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.

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