scholarly journals Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Causes Morphological and Ultrastructural Changes in Rat Liver that Resemble the Natural History of Chronic Fatty Liver Disease in Humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Natália Lucchesi ◽  
Lucas Langoni Cassettari ◽  
César Tadeu Spadella
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Long Term Effects

Purpose. This study evaluated the long-term effects of alloxan-induced diabetes in rat liver.Methods. Thirty nondiabetic control rats (NC) and 30 untreated diabetic (UD) rats were divided into three subgroups sacrificed after 6, 14, or 26 weeks. Clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. Fresh liver weight and its relationship with body weight were obtained, and liver tissue was analyzed.Results. UD rats showed sustained hyperglycemia, high glycosylated hemoglobin, and low plasma insulin. High serum levels of AST and ALT were observed in UD rats after 2 weeks, but only ALT remained elevated throughout the experiment. Fresh liver weight was equal between NC and UD rats, but the fresh liver weight/body weight ratio was significantly higher in UD rats after 14 and 26 weeks. UD rats showed liver morphological changes characterized by hepatic sinusoidal enlargement and micro- and macrovesicular hepatocyte fatty degeneration with progressive liver structure loss, steatohepatitis, and periportal fibrosis. Ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes, such as a decrease in the number of intracytoplasmic organelles and degeneration of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclei, were also observed.Conclusion. Alloxan-induced diabetes triggered liver morphological and ultrastructural changes that closely resembled human disease, ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Correction with thiocetam of lead nanoparticles influence on morpho-functional status of rat liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Sergii Omelchuk ◽  
Vasyl Aleksiichuk ◽  
Yuri Chaikovsky ◽  
Liudmyla Sokurenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Liver Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pharmacological Correction ◽  
The Cross

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of Thiocetam on morphological changes in the liver of rats and on biochemical changes in their blood after exposure to lead nanoparticles and compounds. The liver is an organ that performs a number of functions, such as the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, plasma components and the neutralization of toxins. It is involved in many metabolic processes in the body.In undertaking this, colloidal solutions of lead sulphide nanoparticles at dosages 10 nm and 30 nm were injected into two groups of rats, PbSnano1 and PbSnano2, respectively, while group Pb(NO3) received subcutaneously a solution of lead nitrate in ion form in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg (0.94 mg/kg lead, in lead equivalent). After 60 administrations (12 weeks) of the studied substances, the exposure was discontinued and the animals were observed for 18 weeks. Subsequently, half of each group received Thiocetam by injection (for 6 weeks at a dose of 250 mg/kg) while the other half did not. We then assessed the mean body weight, absolute and relative liver weight, blood biochemistry values (total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides levels in blood serum) and morphological changes in hepatocytes (morphological slides, nuclei cross-sectional area and cytoplasm cross-sectional area).The outcome of this work showed that the mean body weight of animals exposed to nanoparticles with Tiocetam did not differ from that of animals exposed to nanoparticles without pharmacological correction, but relative liver weight was statistically significantly higher than the corresponding values in rats without pharmacological correction. The morphological picture in all study group animals was characterized by the normalization of microvessel blood filling, structure of hepatic plates, disappearance of infiltration with lymphocytes and histiocytes. No dystrophic changes in hepatocytes were found. All this indicates the feasibility of preventive measures during exposure to lead nanoparticles, by administering Thiocetam.In both series of animals exposed to lead nanoparticles (PbSnano1 and PbSnano2), the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes cytoplasm and the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes nuclei were smaller than just after exposure, but in the series with Thiocetam adminstration, all the values did not differ from those in the control.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Naringenin on Cadmium-induced Toxicity in Rat Liver

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wang ◽  
Lulu Ding ◽  
Congying Kou ◽  
Ruxue Huang ◽  
Pengli Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxic heavy metal. Naringin (Nar) is reported to have a protective effect on Cd-induced liver injury. This study aimed to explore the hepatic injury induced by Cd and the protective effects of Nar on Cd-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat liver. Methods: In accordance with groups, male SD rats were injected intraperitoneally with Cd and orally with Nar every day. The treatment period was 3 weeks. Body weight, the morphological changes in liver, the activity of antioxidant indices and expression of the apoptotic genes caspase-3 and -9 were assessed. Result: Results showed that the body weight of Cd-exposed rats decreased, the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver decreased, the glutathione content decreased and the malondialdehyde content increased. Further, Cd-induced hepatic structural damage and cell apoptosis were observed. However, Nar could alleviate liver damage caused by Cd. Therefore, Cd caused oxidative damage and cell apoptosis in rat liver, while Nar had preventive and ameliorative effects on these injuries.

Hormonal Influences on DDT Metabolism in the White Rat

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Durham ◽  
Cipriano Cueto ◽  
Wayland J. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Gonadal Growth

The influence of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and testosterone propionate (TP) on the storage of DDT and its metabolite, DDE, was studied in normal and in gonadectomized rats. As expected, TP dosage increased the growth of female rats while DES administration inhibited the growth of males. Both hormones inhibited gonadal growth. Rats that received either DDT or hormone showed an increased liver weight/body weight ratio as compared to control animals. This effect was more marked in males than in females. DES increased DDT and DDE storage in fat in the male while TP decreased these values in the female. Similar effects of hormone dosage were noted on the ratio of DDE to total DDT-derived material stored in fat.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Flowing Erythrocytes in Hepatic Sinusoids as Revealed by “in Vivo Cryotechnique”

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 239-240
Author(s):  
N. Terada ◽  
Y. Fujii ◽  
Y. Kato ◽  
H. Ueda ◽  
T. Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
In Vivo Cryotechnique

The flowing behavior of individual erythrocytes in blood vessels is usually determined by their deformability, which is controlled mainly by the nature of their interior constituents and the flexibility of their surface membrane. Moreover, the physical behavior of erythrocytes passing through capillaries has been examined in vivo by light microscopy. However, little has been known about ultrastructural changes of such erythrocyte shapes flowing in blood vessels in vivo. Recently, a new technique was developed for freezing cells and tissues in vivo without stopping the blood supply, which was referred to as “in vivo cryotechnique”.This method has been also suitable for obtaining informations about dynamic morphological changes.Seven female Balb/c mice were anesthetized peritoneally with sodium pentobarbital (100μg/g body weight), and their abdomen was opened through a pararectus incision. For artificial cardiac arrest, some mice were anesthetized with an excessive dose of the anesthetic (500μg/g body weight), their respiration and heart-beat were completely stopped, and the following procedures were done within one minute. A liver was put on a plastic plate without disturbance of blood circulation, and the “in vivo cryotechnique” was performed. Briefly, a cryoknife was pushed into the liver as fast as possible and the tissue was immediately poured with liquid isopentane-propane mixture (-193°C) (Fig.la,b).

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE AND p-DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE ON RAT LIVER

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240
Author(s):  
W. A. Mannell ◽  
H. C. Grice
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Number Of Cells

Rats receiving 2% maleic hydrazide (MH) in their diet and rats fed 0.06% p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB), for periods up to 26 weeks, were compared with a control group on a stock diet. For the rats on DAB there was a decrease in body weight, in desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) per liver cell nucleus, and in the size of the average liver cell. There was an increase in liver weight, in DNA per liver, and in the number of cells per liver. These findings confirmed previous work with this compound. No significant changes were found in any of these measurements for the rats on MH. Pathological study revealed liver neoplasms in all animals fed DAB for 10 weeks or longer. No abnormal findings were reported for any rats on MH. The results indicate that maleic hydrazide, an antisprouting agent, does not produce any effects in rat liver similar to those caused by DAB, a known carcinogen.

Electron Microscopic study of the parathyroid gland of the melatonin-treated hamster

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Shizuko Shoumura ◽  
Shoichi Emura ◽  
Tomo Yamahira ◽  
Tomoo Kawada ◽  
Hiroshi Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Body

Some studies have dealt with the relationship between the pineal gland and the parathyroid gland (PTG) Morphological changes suggest that the pineal gland may inhibit or stimulate the PTG. There are a few light microscopic studies on the effects of pineal extract on the PTG. However, there is no study on the effects of melatonin on the ultrastructure of the PTG. We investigated ultrastructural changes in the PTG of golden hamsters after administration of melatonin.Materials and methods. Three-month-old female golden hamsters with an average body weight of 130 g were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. One group was given 0.2.ml of distilled water as controls. The remaining groups were given 0.2 ml of melatonin solution at a dose of 0.8 mg/100 g body weight. The PTG of each group was removed under pentobarbital anesthesia at 1, 5, 24 and 48 hours after injection. The PTG was immersed in a mixture of 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% OsO4, dehydrated through acetone and embedded in Epon 812.

scholarly journals Mangiferin Alleviates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice through Regulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Song ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Junting Zang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Renal Interstitial Fibrosis

Renal interstitial fibrosis is considered to be the typical manifestation of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mangiferin has shown positive effect on the prevention or treatment of diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitive effect and mechanism of mangiferin on renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic mice. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice were treated with mangiferin (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. The morphology of kidneys was observed by Masson’s trichrome staining, and the biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and urine protein) were determined by kits. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-1β), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px), MDA, and ROS were assessed. Furthermore, the expressions of fibronectin (FN), collagen I (Col I), and α-SMA were measured by immunohistochemistry. Regulations of TGF-β1 and the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway were detected by Western blotting. Treatment with mangiferin significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction in diabetic mice, as evidenced by the increase in body weight and decreases in FBG, TG, TC, BUN, SCr, urine protein, and the kidney to body weight ratio (KW/BW). Furthermore, mangiferin treatment prevented renal interstitial fibrosis evidenced by decreases in the positive expression of FN, Col I, and α-SMA, in comparison with morphological changes in the renal tissue. Meanwhile, mangiferin increased antioxidant enzymes, reduced the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as MDA and ROS. Additionally, mangiferin administration also downregulated TGF-β1, upregulated PTEN, and decreased the phosphorylation of both PI3K and Akt. These findings demonstrate that mangiferin may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in DN, thereby inhibiting the renal interstitial fibrosis by reducing the TGF-β1-mediated elevation of Col I, FN, and α-SMA through the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway.

scholarly journals The effects of dietary histidine, methionine and homocystine on vitamin B12 and folate levels in rat liver

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Williams ◽  
G. H. Spray
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bean Flour

1. L-histidine (20 g/kg) added to vitamin B12-deficient and cyanocobalamin-supplemented diets based on soya-bean flour reduced the growth of rats given the vitamin B12-deficient diet but stimulated growth of rats given the cyanocobalamin-supplemented diet. Liver weight (g/kg body-weight) increased, but the protein content of the livers decreased, in rats given histidine supplements. The histidine was associated with significantly higher folate concentrations in the livers of cyanocobalamin-supplemented rats.2. Vitamin B12-deficient and cyanocobalamin-supplemented rats were given diets based on a mixture of amino acids that was balanced apart from methionine, which was added in various amounts, and with the addition of homocystine. The only vitamin B12-deficient rats which had reasonable gains in weight were those receiving a diet containing 8 g L-methionine/kg. The remainder, particularly those given diets containing only homocystine, had little or no increase in weight. All the cyanocobalamin-supplemented rats gained weight; those given diets containing 2 and 8 g L-methionine/kg, or 8 g homocystine/kg, had the highest gains.3. There was a tendency for a higher concentration of either methionine or homocystine in the diet to be associated with higher concentrations of both folate and vitamin B12 in the livers.4. In vitamin B12 deficiency methionine appeared to increase the accumulation of folate in the liver, affecting mainly the amounts of polyglutamate derivatives.

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