CHANGES IN THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM AND HEART CHOLINE ESTER CONTENT OF THIAMINE-DEFICIENT AND PAIR-FED RATS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 845-859
Author(s):  
A. B. L. Beznák
Keyword(s):  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Frog Heart ◽  
Choline Ester ◽  
Normal Pair ◽  
Acetyl Choline ◽  
Ester Content ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Choline Esters

The choline ester content of trichloroacetic acid extracts of thiamine-deficient, pair-fed, and normal rat hearts was determined by differential assays on the eserinized frog rectus and guinea pig gut. The thiamine-deficient hearts contained about 3.5 times more choline ester than the normal hearts, while the pair-fed ones about twice as much. It is concluded from results of differential assays and filter paper chromatography of the trichloroacetic acid extracts that the chief, probably the only, choline ester in all the three groups is acetyl choline. It is also pointed out that the possibility of the presence of a mixture of pyruvyl, propionyl, and acetyl choline in the thiamine-deficient heart could not be excluded with these methods. Bradycardia and increased R voltage develop both in thiamine-deficient and in pair-fed rats, but are more pronounced in the former group. When the three groups of rats, normal, pair-fed, and thiamine-deficient, were treated as a single population a positive correlation was found between R voltage and total ACh equivalent and an inverse correlation between heart rate and ACh equivalent. The trichloroacetic acid extracts of rat hearts of all the three groups contain a positive inotropic substance (or substances) and substances which absorb ultraviolet light, most probably nucleic acid derivatives, which interfere with the frog heart assay of choline esters. The ultraviolet absorbing compounds are the bearers of most of the positive inotropic activity. These can be separated from the negative inotropic choline esters by filter paper chromatography.

CHANGES IN THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM AND HEART CHOLINE ESTER CONTENT OF THIAMINE-DEFICIENT AND PAIR-FED RATS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. L. Beznák
Keyword(s):  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Frog Heart ◽  
Choline Ester ◽  
Normal Pair ◽  
Acetyl Choline ◽  
Ester Content ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Choline Esters

The choline ester content of trichloroacetic acid extracts of thiamine-deficient, pair-fed, and normal rat hearts was determined by differential assays on the eserinized frog rectus and guinea pig gut. The thiamine-deficient hearts contained about 3.5 times more choline ester than the normal hearts, while the pair-fed ones about twice as much. It is concluded from results of differential assays and filter paper chromatography of the trichloroacetic acid extracts that the chief, probably the only, choline ester in all the three groups is acetyl choline. It is also pointed out that the possibility of the presence of a mixture of pyruvyl, propionyl, and acetyl choline in the thiamine-deficient heart could not be excluded with these methods. Bradycardia and increased R voltage develop both in thiamine-deficient and in pair-fed rats, but are more pronounced in the former group. When the three groups of rats, normal, pair-fed, and thiamine-deficient, were treated as a single population a positive correlation was found between R voltage and total ACh equivalent and an inverse correlation between heart rate and ACh equivalent. The trichloroacetic acid extracts of rat hearts of all the three groups contain a positive inotropic substance (or substances) and substances which absorb ultraviolet light, most probably nucleic acid derivatives, which interfere with the frog heart assay of choline esters. The ultraviolet absorbing compounds are the bearers of most of the positive inotropic activity. These can be separated from the negative inotropic choline esters by filter paper chromatography.

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS BY SOLVENT REDEVELOPMENT WITHOUT PRIOR REMOVAL OF SALTS OR PROTEINS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Pasieka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Equivalent Time ◽  
Biological Compounds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Subsequent Staining

A solvent redeveloping technique has been devised by which amino acids, peptides, and sugars can be separated from complex mixtures in the presence of high concentrations of salts and proteins. The separations are effected by two to four successive 18-hour solvent developments with drying between each 18-hour period before subsequent staining of the chromatograms. Better separations and resolutions are obtained by such successive 18-hour solvent developments than by one continuous solvent development for an equivalent time. The effect of these redevelopments on the separations and resolutions of biological compounds is illustrated at various stages by photographs of one- and two-dimensional chromatograms. The redevelopment technique requires filter paper sheets up to 4 ft in length for one-dimensional analytical and preparative types of chromatograms.

scholarly journals Potentiation effect of choline esters on choline-catalysed decarbamoylation of dimethylcarbamoyl-acetylcholinesterase

1992 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y B Kim ◽  
C H Jung ◽  
S J Choi ◽  
W J Seo ◽  
S H Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Requirement Analysis ◽  
Ester Bond ◽  
Choline Ester ◽  
Anionic Sites ◽  
Structural Requirement ◽  
Potentiation Effect ◽  
Choline Esters

The choline esters potentiated the choline-catalysed decarbamoylation of dimethylcarbamoyl-acetylcholinesterase in proportion to the length of acyl group, although esters containing an acyl chain longer than the hexanoyl group exhibited a corresponding decrease in the potentiation. In structural requirement analysis it was found that both the quaternary ammonium moiety and the ester bond were important for the effective acceleration of choline-catalysed decarbamoylation. In general, the respective thiocholine ester was found to be more effective than the corresponding choline ester. Whereas the binding affinity (Ka) of choline in the decarbamoylation was not significantly altered, the maximum decarbamoylation rate (kr(max.)) of choline was greatly enhanced in the presence of choline esters or thiocholine esters. Along with the above observation, the isotope solvent effect, the effect of ionic strength and the antagonism studies demonstrate that the choline esters or thiocholine esters may interact with one of peripheral anionic sites, and thereby make the choline-catalysed decarbamoylation more favourable.

scholarly journals Evidence for the presence of oligophosphoglyceroyl-ATP in rat offney

1986 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
W L Hutchinson ◽  
P J Ratcliffe ◽  
J Mowbray
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Purine Nucleotide ◽  
Purine Nucleotides ◽  
Nucleotide Content ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Perfused Rat Hearts ◽  
Rapid Equilibrium

The inability to account for large systematic variations in total purine nucleotide content of perfused rat hearts led to the demonstration that the soluble adenine nucleotides are in rapid equilibrium with a highly phosphorylated hetero-oligomeric derivative whose structure appears to be 3-phospho[glyceroyl-gamma-triphospho-5′-adenosine-3′-3-phosp ho]4glyceroyl- gamma-triphospho-5′-adenosine [Hutchinson, Morris & Mowbray (1986) Biochem. J. 234, 623-627]. Analogous techniques to those used with hearts for specifically labelling tissue purine nucleotides followed by extration and purification of nucleotides from the trichloroacetic acid-precipitable fraction show the existence of a corresponding rapid equilibrium between ATP and an oligomeric tetraphosphoadenosine derivative in perfused kidneys.

scholarly journals The Separation of Choline Esters by Paper Chromatography.

1953 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 906-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klas-Bertil Augustinsson ◽  
Margareta Grahn ◽  
H. Fex ◽  
B. Högberg ◽  
T. Linderot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Choline Esters

scholarly journals The molecular structure of a rapidly formed oligomeric adenosine tetraphosphate derivative from rat heart

1986 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
W L Hutchinson ◽  
P G Morris ◽  
J Mowbray
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Perfused Rat Hearts ◽  
Rapid Equilibrium

The inability to account for large systematic variations with time in soluble adenine nucleotides in perfused rat hearts [Bates, Perrett & Mowbray (1978) Biochem. J. 176, 485-493; Mowbray, Bates & Perrett (1981) FEBS Lett. 131, 55-59; Mowbray, Perrett & Bates (1984) Int. J. Biochem. 16, 889-894] led us to show that the soluble nucleotides are in rapid equilibrium with some hitherto unrecognized trichloroacetic acid/methanol-precipitable highly phosphorylated heteropolymeric form [Mowbray, Hutchinson, Tibbs & Morris (1984) Biochem. J. 223, 627-632]. Selective digestion coupled to chromatographic analysis together with m.s. and 31P-n.m.r. spectrometry have now been used to show that the likely structure for a purified oligomer that is in specific-radioactivity equilibrium with tissue ATP is 3-phospho-[glyceroyl-gamma-triphosphoroyl-5′-adenosine-3′-3- phospho]4 glyceroyl-gamma-triphosphoroyl-5′-adenosine.

Identification of Flavonoid Compounds by Filter Paper Chromatography

1951 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1582-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gage ◽  
Carl Douglass ◽  
Simon Wender
Keyword(s):  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds

A TECHNIQUE OF PREPARATIVE PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Pasieka ◽  
J. E. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Salt Medium ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total Amino Acids

The use of a solvent redevelopment technique enables the separation of amino acids from complex biological materials in the presence of high concentrations of salts. By conventional chromatography, 1.17 mg of total amino acids have been separated from the high salt medium M 150. The preparative technique as described here has separated amounts as great as 1.17 g and the patterns are essentially the same as for the analytical types. The separations are effected by four or more successive 15- to 20-hour solvent developments with drying between each solvent stage before the staining of chromatograms or isolation of particular bands. The results of these solvent developments on the preparative scale are illustrated with photographs of actual chromatograms. This technique requires thick filter paper sheets up to 4 ft in length for analytical, and particularly for preparative, chromatograms.

Improved Routine Maintenance of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Culture

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Paul Whur
Keyword(s):  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Culture Maintenance ◽  
Time Required

A new method is described for the in vitro culture of the preparasitic stages of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. It utilises the plating of faecal suspensions on to paper chromatography strips supported on non-porous Perspex slabs and has been designed primarily to facilitate savings in the time required for routine culture maintenance without lowering the quantity or quality of the larval yield. Comparison with the filter paper/Petri dish method shows an increase in larval yield of 85% and a reduction in time required for culture of 72%. Total inhibition of fungal growth on incubated faeces suspensions was obtained by the addition of “Mycostatin” (Squibb) in a concentration of 62 units per ml. or more.

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