THE ADSORPTION OF VITAMIN A BY SODIUM BENTONITE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Laughland ◽  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Satisfactory Agreement ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Complex ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Triene Conjugation

A study has been made of the reaction whereby a blue adsorption complex is formed when an organic solvent solution of vitamin A is added to sodium bentonite. In addition to a physical adsorption of the vitamin on sodium bentonite a chemical alteration occurs in the vitamin A molecule which results in the formation of anhydro vitamin A. The adsorbed material may be removed from the sodium bentonite by extraction with diethyl ether but the blue color is dissipated and a secondary reaction product is formed. This latter compound exhibits the characteristics of triene conjugation and exhibits maximum absorption at about 290 mμ. Equations have been developed for the spectrophotometric analysis of the binary mixtures encountered in the reaction and satisfactory agreement has been obtained between calculated and observed values.

THE ADSORPTION OF VITAMIN A BY SODIUM BENTONITE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Laughland ◽  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Satisfactory Agreement ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Complex ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Triene Conjugation

A study has been made of the reaction whereby a blue adsorption complex is formed when an organic solvent solution of vitamin A is added to sodium bentonite. In addition to a physical adsorption of the vitamin on sodium bentonite a chemical alteration occurs in the vitamin A molecule which results in the formation of anhydro vitamin A. The adsorbed material may be removed from the sodium bentonite by extraction with diethyl ether but the blue color is dissipated and a secondary reaction product is formed. This latter compound exhibits the characteristics of triene conjugation and exhibits maximum absorption at about 290 mμ. Equations have been developed for the spectrophotometric analysis of the binary mixtures encountered in the reaction and satisfactory agreement has been obtained between calculated and observed values.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BENTONITE ADMINISTRATION ON VITAMIN A METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Laughland ◽  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Inert Ingredient ◽  
Β Carotene

The inclusion of sodium bentonite in the diet severely limited the ability of vitamin A deficient rats to store the vitamin in the liver. This effect was observed both with vitamin A and with the provitamin β-carotene. Moreover, the liver weight per 100 gm. body weight was found to be less in most of the groups receiving sodium bentonite than in control groups. The results may be interpreted in terms of a physical adsorption of vitamin A or β-carotene on sodium bentonite present in the small intestine. Sodium bentonite cannot be regarded as an inert ingredient of the diet of rats and its prolonged administration might be expected to have deleterious effects.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BENTONITE ADMINISTRATION ON VITAMIN A METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Laughland ◽  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Inert Ingredient ◽  
Β Carotene

The inclusion of sodium bentonite in the diet severely limited the ability of vitamin A deficient rats to store the vitamin in the liver. This effect was observed both with vitamin A and with the provitamin β-carotene. Moreover, the liver weight per 100 gm. body weight was found to be less in most of the groups receiving sodium bentonite than in control groups. The results may be interpreted in terms of a physical adsorption of vitamin A or β-carotene on sodium bentonite present in the small intestine. Sodium bentonite cannot be regarded as an inert ingredient of the diet of rats and its prolonged administration might be expected to have deleterious effects.

Micellization in Water-Polar Organic Solvent Binary Mixtures

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-368
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Moya ◽  
Maria del Mar Graciani/snm ◽  
> ◽  
Victoria Isabel Martin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Polar Organic Solvent

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Analysis of Vitamin A and Vitamin E in Different Species of Dioscorea Tuber

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume-3 (Issue-3) ◽  
pp. 837-839
Author(s):  
Jonalyn E. Espuelas ◽  
Karina Milagros R. Cui-Lim ◽  
Merle N. Tonog | Rolando A. Delorino ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis

The photoreceptors and visual pigments in the retina of the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1544-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sillman ◽  
M. D. Spanfelner ◽  
E. R. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
White Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Transmontanus ◽  
Light Regimen ◽  
Cone Pigment ◽  
Spectral Absorbance

The photoreceptors in the retina of the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus (Chondrostei), were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, in situ microspectrophotometry, and spectrophotometric analysis of visual pigment extracts. The white sturgeon retina is simple in that it contains only two morphologically distinct photoreceptors. The retina is dominated by rods with large outer segments, but there is a substantial population (40%) of single cones. Evidence was found for only one rod visual pigment and one cone visual pigment. Peak spectral absorbance (λmax) of the rod pigment is near 539 nm, whereas λmax of the cone pigment is near 605 nm. Both visual pigments are porphyropsin types with chromophores based on vitamin A2. No detectable rhodopsin based on vitamin A1 is ever present, regardless of season or light regimen. The results are discussed in terms of the sturgeon's behavior, as well as the implications for the evolution of color vision.

Spectrophotometric Analysis of Binary Mixtures of Sulfonamides

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Abdel-Aziz Wahbi ◽  
Hassan Abdine ◽  
Mohamed Korany ◽  
Fawzi El-Yazbi
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Polynomials ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Absorbance Ratio ◽  
Sulfacetamide Sodium

Abstract Different methods for analyzing binary mixtures by using 2 wavelengths are reviewed. The absorbance ratio calculated at 2 wavelengths, not including the isoabsorptive point, was a quadratic function of relative concentration. The curve-fitting process using orthogonal polynomials was applied to obtain the quadratic equation. An absorbance ratio can be used as a rapid purity index for sulfacetamide sodium in the presence of sulfanilamide. Sulfacetamide sodium has been determined in eye drop preparations.

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