THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BENTONITE ADMINISTRATION ON VITAMIN A METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Laughland ◽  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Inert Ingredient ◽  
Β Carotene

The inclusion of sodium bentonite in the diet severely limited the ability of vitamin A deficient rats to store the vitamin in the liver. This effect was observed both with vitamin A and with the provitamin β-carotene. Moreover, the liver weight per 100 gm. body weight was found to be less in most of the groups receiving sodium bentonite than in control groups. The results may be interpreted in terms of a physical adsorption of vitamin A or β-carotene on sodium bentonite present in the small intestine. Sodium bentonite cannot be regarded as an inert ingredient of the diet of rats and its prolonged administration might be expected to have deleterious effects.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BENTONITE ADMINISTRATION ON VITAMIN A METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Laughland ◽  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Inert Ingredient ◽  
Β Carotene

The inclusion of sodium bentonite in the diet severely limited the ability of vitamin A deficient rats to store the vitamin in the liver. This effect was observed both with vitamin A and with the provitamin β-carotene. Moreover, the liver weight per 100 gm. body weight was found to be less in most of the groups receiving sodium bentonite than in control groups. The results may be interpreted in terms of a physical adsorption of vitamin A or β-carotene on sodium bentonite present in the small intestine. Sodium bentonite cannot be regarded as an inert ingredient of the diet of rats and its prolonged administration might be expected to have deleterious effects.

scholarly journals Liver retinol estimated by 13C-retinol isotope dilution at 7 versus 14 days in Burkinabe schoolchildren

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (16) ◽  
pp. 1430-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean F Bationo ◽  
Augustin N Zeba ◽  
Nadine D Coulibaly ◽  
Jesse Sheftel ◽  
Christopher R Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Liver Mass ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Total Body

Vitamin A status assessment is not straightforward. Retinol isotope dilution (RID) testing requires time for the tracer dose to mix with the total body stores of vitamin A (TBS). Researchers are interested in shortening the time interval between tracer administration and follow-up blood draws, and in re-examining current assumptions about liver mass for calculation of total liver vitamin A reserves (TLR, in µmol/g liver). Schoolchildren (aged 7–12 years; n = 72) were recruited from one school in Burkina Faso. After a baseline blood draw, 1.0 µmol [14,15]-13C2-retinyl acetate was administered to estimate TBS and TLR by retinol isotope dilution with follow-up blood samples at days 7 and 14. Correlations were determined to evaluate if sampling at day 7 could be used to predict TLR compared with day 14. Liver mass was estimated using body surface area and compared with the currently used assumption of liver weight equivalent to 3% of body weight. (This trial was registered at Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: PACTR201702001947398). Liver mass calculated using body surface area did not differ from the standard assumption of 3% of body weight and yielded similar TLR values. The children in this study had mean TLR (0.67 ± 0.35 µmol/g) in the adequate range, while serum retinol concentrations (0.92 ± 0.33 µmol/L) predicted 25% vitamin A deficiency. TLR values at seven days were highly correlated with, but significantly different from day 14 ( P <  0.0001, r =  0.85) and needed a correction factor added to the equation to yield equivalency. Blood drawing at day 7, using correction factors in the prediction equation and the current assumption of liver mass as 3% of body weight, can be used to estimate TLR in schoolchildren with adequate vitamin A status in 13 C2-RID applications, but further investigations are needed to verify the seven-day predictive equation. Impact statement Biomarkers of vitamin A status that reflect the gold standard, i.e. liver biopsy, are available but undergoing refinement to increase accessibility in community-based applications. Retinol isotope dilution testing is one such biomarker. Researchers are interested in decreasing the length of time between isotope administration and follow-up blood draws. This study compared a 7-day blood draw with a 14-day sample. With the simple addition of a correction factor to the prediction equation, the values for total body vitamin A stores were similar, but variation increased with increasing liver reserves. The assumption of 3% of body weight as liver weight in school-aged children was also investigated and confirmed as appropriate in the calculation for total liver vitamin A reserves. Simplifying isotope dilution for population evaluation and building capacity for mass spectrometry analyses are important areas of nutrition development to inform public health programs.

The influence of β-carotene supplementation on β-carotene concentration in the corpus luteum and on hormone concentration in the plasma of heifers

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
G. Flachowsky ◽  
M. Schlenzig ◽  
Brigitta Kirsche ◽  
P. Lebzien
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
High Vitamin ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the influence of different levels of β-carotene supplements on the β-carotene concentration in the corpus luteum and on hormone concentrations in the plasma of heifers. 32 heifers (average body weight: 371 kg) were fed a low carotene diet (< 1 mg per kg DM) for 120 days. The heifers were divided into four groups according to body weight and age and supplied with 0, 100, 200 or 300 mg β-carotene per animal and day. Heifers were artifically inseminated after day 60 of the experiment and were slaughtered after day 120 of the experiment. Carotene concentration in the corpus luteum (2.3, 27, 50 and 81 μg/g for 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg β-carotene per animal per day), in plasma and in ovary was significantly influenced with increased carotene supplements. LH-concentration of plasma decreased and β-oestradiol-concentration increased with carotene supplementation. High concentrations of β-carotene in the corpus luteum and ovaries of cattle seem to act as a depot which is available when high vitamin A requirements during ovulation have to be met.

Effect of supplemental β-carotene compared to retinyl palmitate on fatty acid profile and expression of mRNA from genes involved in vitamin A metabolism in beef feedlot cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin N. Condron ◽  
Jolena N. Waddell ◽  
Matt C. Claeys ◽  
Ronald P. Lemenager ◽  
Jon P. Schoonmaker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Β Carotene

SOLVENT-EXTRACTED RAPESEED OIL MEAL AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR PIGS AND RATS: IV. LIVER WEIGHTS AND VITAMIN A STORAGE IN THE LIVER

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
J. G. Manns ◽  
S. Zivković
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Liver Storage

Sows receiving rations containing solvent-extracted rapeseed oil meal (R.O.M.) as a replacement for 50 or 100 per cent of the soybean oil meal in the ration (6.0 and 12.0 per cent R.O.M. in the total ration during gestation and lactation) had larger livers on the basis of either absolute weight or of the ratio of liver weight to body weight. The sows receiving the highest level of dietary R.O.M. had increased liver storage of vitamin A per gram of liver and in the total liver. With pigs at 200 pounds live-weight, 12-week-old growing rats, or rats following reproduction, the ratio of fiver weight to body weight was increased when high levels of R.O.M. were included in the diet, but these differences were non-significant. Vitamin A storage in the fivers of these animals was not influenced consistently by the level of R.O.M. in the diet.

THE ADSORPTION OF VITAMIN A BY SODIUM BENTONITE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Laughland ◽  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Satisfactory Agreement ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Complex ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Triene Conjugation

A study has been made of the reaction whereby a blue adsorption complex is formed when an organic solvent solution of vitamin A is added to sodium bentonite. In addition to a physical adsorption of the vitamin on sodium bentonite a chemical alteration occurs in the vitamin A molecule which results in the formation of anhydro vitamin A. The adsorbed material may be removed from the sodium bentonite by extraction with diethyl ether but the blue color is dissipated and a secondary reaction product is formed. This latter compound exhibits the characteristics of triene conjugation and exhibits maximum absorption at about 290 mμ. Equations have been developed for the spectrophotometric analysis of the binary mixtures encountered in the reaction and satisfactory agreement has been obtained between calculated and observed values.

scholarly journals Isx Participates in the Maintenance of Vitamin A Metabolism by Regulation of β-Carotene 15,15′-Monooxygenase (Bcmo1) Expression

2007 ◽  
Vol 283 (8) ◽  
pp. 4905-4911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Seino ◽  
Takashi Miki ◽  
Hiroshi Kiyonari ◽  
Takaya Abe ◽  
Wakako Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Β Carotene

Effect of heat and solar radiation on vitamin A utilization by the bovine animal

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Page ◽  
E. S. Erwin ◽  
G. E. Nelms
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Identical Twin ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Bovine Animal ◽  
Liver Vitamin

During trial I, twin calves, fed 6 mg carotene daily per 100 lb. body weight, were subjected to high and low ambient temperatures. Differential liver vitamin A analyses indicated that high ambient temperatures predisposed an increased liver vitamin A expenditure. In the first phase of trial II, identical twin calves exposed to solar radiation ( SR) for 38 days lost more hepatic vitamin A than their co-twins in the shade ( S). Following vitamin A administration, SR stored more hepatic vitamin A than S. Possible mechanisms predisposed by heat stress, that alter vitamin A metabolism, were discussed.

THE ADSORPTION OF VITAMIN A BY SODIUM BENTONITE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Laughland ◽  
W. E. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Satisfactory Agreement ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Complex ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Triene Conjugation

A study has been made of the reaction whereby a blue adsorption complex is formed when an organic solvent solution of vitamin A is added to sodium bentonite. In addition to a physical adsorption of the vitamin on sodium bentonite a chemical alteration occurs in the vitamin A molecule which results in the formation of anhydro vitamin A. The adsorbed material may be removed from the sodium bentonite by extraction with diethyl ether but the blue color is dissipated and a secondary reaction product is formed. This latter compound exhibits the characteristics of triene conjugation and exhibits maximum absorption at about 290 mμ. Equations have been developed for the spectrophotometric analysis of the binary mixtures encountered in the reaction and satisfactory agreement has been obtained between calculated and observed values.

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