Early selection of black spruce using physiological and morphological criteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Sulzer ◽  
M.S. Greenwood ◽  
W.H. Livingston ◽  
Greg Adams
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Early Testing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Selection Of

A retrospective test of 36 half-sib black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) families was initiated using surplus seed from the same families growing in six 10-year-old test plantations in New Brunswick. Height, diameter, cold hardiness, gas exchange rates, chlorophyll content, and leaf weight/leaf area ratios of the 3-year-old greenhouse-grown seedlings were determined and related to 10-year field height. The variables that correlated most highly with height at age 10 were seedling height (r = 0.491) and diameter (r = 0.441). Seedling cold hardiness was significantly correlated with both 3-year (r = −0.508) and 10-year height (r = −0.337), the better growing families being more cold hardy. Although photosynthesis and the ratio of photosynthesis to transpiration (a measure of "instantaneous" water use efficiency) were correlated with seedling height, neither of these measures showed a significant relationship with height at age 10. The potential usefulness of both physiological and morphological parameters for early testing purposes is discussed.

Selection of Cold-hardy Rootstocks

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 467d-467
Author(s):  
Mary Peterson ◽  
Emily Hoover
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Midwestern United States ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of

Cold-hardy candidates from the Univ. of Minnesota Vitis collection were evaluated for potential use as commercial rootstocks for the production of cold-tender grapes in conditions typical of the eastern and midwestern United States. The 53 genotypes studied were selected from the collection based on past field performance and cold-hardy parentage. These were compared with standard commercial rootstocks for these regions—C3309 and SO4—for characteristics typically evaluated in rootstock production: rooting ability, vigor, phylloxera resistance, disease resistance, first season root development, suitability of rootstock wood, ease of grafting and callusing, and growth of scion bud. In addition, indications of onset of dormancy were monitored to identify those genotypes with potential to influence scion dormancy regime for the purpose of increasing scion cold-hardiness.

Laboratory and Field Investigations on the Ability of Eggs of the European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) to Withstand Low Winter Temperatures

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Overwintering Mortality ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMeasurements of the supercooling points of eggs from different latitudes suggest that the cold-hardiness of N. sertifer is increased by the selective pressure of low winter temperatures. In Ontario, the insect is only beginning to experience temperatures capable of influencing population trends, but the selection of a more cold-hardy population may be in progress. It is predicted that this insect will eventually be capable of extendng its range into natural stands of jack pine in the northwestern portion of the province.Overwintering eggs are inherently able to supercool to about −26 °C., but exposure to certain non-lethal conditioning temperatures increases their cold-hardiness. Increased cold-hardiness apparently is associated with the appearance of glycerol in the eggs. Mortality curves based on supercooling points of eggs exposed to optimal conditioning temperatures are useful in predicting overwintering mortality of eggs that are not protected by snow cover.

scholarly journals Morpho-Physiological Classification of Italian Tomato Cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.) According to Drought Tolerance during Vegetative and Reproductive Growth

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1826
Author(s):  
Veronica Conti ◽  
Marco Romi ◽  
Sara Parri ◽  
Iris Aloisi ◽  
Giovanni Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Selection Of

Irrigation is fundamental for agriculture but, as climate change becomes more persistent, there is a need to conserve water and use it more efficiently. It is therefore crucial to identify cultivars that can tolerate drought. For economically relevant crops, such as tomatoes, this purpose takes on an even more incisive role and local agrobiodiversity is a large genetic reservoir of promising cultivars. In this study, nine local Italian cultivars of tomatoes plus four widely used commercial cultivars were considered. These experienced about 20 d of drought, either at vegetative or reproductive phase. Various physio-morphological parameters were monitored, such as stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A), water use efficiency (WUE), growth (GI) and soil water content (SWC). The different responses and behaviors allowed to divide the cultivars into three groups: tolerant, susceptible, and intermediate. The classification was also confirmed by a principal component analysis (PCA). The study, in addition to deepening the knowledge of local Italian tomato cultivars, reveals how some cultivars perform better under stress condition than commercial ones. Moreover, the different behavior depends on the genotype and on the growth phase of plants. In fact, the Perina cultivar is the most tolerant during vegetative growth while the Quarantino cultivar is mostly tolerant at reproductive stage. The results suggest that selection of cultivars could lead to a more sustainable agriculture and less wasteful irrigation plans.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness Estimates of Acer L. Taxa

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
Michael A. Dirr ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The cold hardiness of eleven Acer taxa was determined by laboratory techniques. The red leaf cultivars of A. platanoides were less cold hardy than the green leaf ‘Emerald Queen.’ ‘Crimson Sentry,’ a branch sport of ‘Crimson King,’ exhibited similar cold hardiness to that of its parent. Among A. saccharum cultivars, ‘Legacy’ was the most cold hardy followed by ‘Green Mountain,’ ‘Commemoration’ and ‘Bonfire.’ ‘Green Column,’ a selection of black maple from a native Iowa population, developed −30°C (−22°F) midwinter cold hardiness but lost all cold hardiness [killed at −3°C (27°F)] by March. All sugar maple cultivars survived at least −9°C (16°F) on the March date. Of the hybrids of Acer platanoides and A. truncatum, Pacific Sunset™ was significantly more cold hardy than Norwegian Sunset™ and should be rated USDA Zone 4 and 5, respectively.

Flower cold hardiness: a potential determinant of the flowering sequence exhibited by bog ericads

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 997-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides ◽  
Potential Determinant ◽  
Ledum Groenlandicum

In laboratory freezing trials, cold hardiness of six types of bog ericad flowers differed significantly (i.e., Chamaedaphne calyculata > Andromeda glaucophylla > Kalmia polifolia > Vaccinium myrtilloides > Ledum groenlandicum > Vaccinium macrocarpon) at air temperatures between −4 and −10 °C but not at temperatures above −2 °C. At the Luther Marsh bog in southern Ontario, low temperatures (−3 to −7 °C) would select against May flowering by the least cold hardy ericads. Availability of pollinators, on the other hand, would encourage May flowering by the most cold hardy species. Presumably, competition for insect pollinators has promoted the diversification of bog ericad flowering peaks, while air temperature, in conjunction with flower cold hardiness, determined the order in which flowering peaks were reached.

scholarly journals Super Cooling Point Phenotypes and Cold Resistance in Hyles euphorbiae Hawk Moths from Different Climate Zones

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Hana Daneck ◽  
Matthias Benjamin Barth ◽  
Martin Geck ◽  
Anna K. Hundsdoerfer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Cold Sensitivity ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Hyles Euphorbiae

The spurge hawkmoth Hyles euphorbiae L. (Sphingidae) comprises a remarkable species complex with still not fully resolved taxonomy. Its extensive natural distribution range covers diverse climatic zones. This predestinates particular populations to cope with different local seasonally unfavorable environmental conditions. The ability of the pupae to overcome outer frosty conditions is well known. However, the differences between two main ecotypes (‘euphorbiae’ and ‘tithymali’) in terms of the inherent degree of frost tolerance, its corresponding survival strategy, and underlying mechanism have not been studied in detail so far. The main aim of our study was to test the phenotypic exhibition of pupae (as the relevant life cycle stadia to outlast unfavorable conditions) in response to combined effects of exogenous stimuli, such as daylight length and cooling regime. Namely, we tested the turnout of subitan (with fast development, unadapted to unfavorable conditions) or diapause (paused development, adapted to unfavorable external influences and increased resistance) pupae under different conditions, as well as their mortality, and we measured the super cooling point (SCP) of whole pupae (in vivo) and pupal hemolymph (in vitro) as phenotypic indicators of cold acclimation. Our results show higher cold sensitivity in ‘tithymali’ populations, exhibiting rather opportunistic and short-termed cold hardiness, while ‘euphorbiae’ produces a phenotype of seasonal cold-hardy diapause pupae under a combined effect of short daylight length and continuous cold treatment. Further differences include the variability in duration and mortality of diapause pupae. This suggests different pre-adaptations to seasonal environmental conditions in each ecotype and may indicate a state of incipient speciation within the H. euphorbiae complex.

scholarly journals Choice Of Functional Currency Under SFAS No. 52

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Zabihollah Rezaee
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study is to determine the importance of various factors in the choice of the functional currency used by 400 major multinational corporations Selection of functional currency is a key feature of SFAS No. 52 because it determines the method used to translate foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars and the extent to which changes in exchange rates affect consolidated operating results. The results reveal that cash flows and sales market were the two most important factors, while financing and intercompany transactions were the least important criteria in selecting the functional currency.

Current state of cold hardiness research on fruit crops

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Palonen ◽  
Deborah Buszard
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Current State ◽  
Deep Supercooling ◽  
Cold Hardy

This article gives an overview of the current state of cold hardiness research in fruit crops by reviewing the recently published studies on cold hardiness of both tree fruit and berry crops. Topics discussed include cold hardiness of fruit species, cultivars and different plant organs, biophysical and biochemical aspects of hardiness, evaluation of hardiness, as well as endogenous, cultural and environmental factors affecting cold hardiness in these species. Lack of cold hardiness is a major limiting factor for production of fruit crops in many regions of the world and improved cold hardiness one of the major objectives in numerous breeding programs and research projects. Screening cultivars or selections for cold hardiness is commonly done, and different methods applied to the evaluation of hardiness are discussed. The physical limit of deep supercooling may be a restricting factor for expanding the production of some fruit crops, such as Prunus species and pear. As for biochemical aspects, a relationship between carbohydrates and cold hardiness is most commonly found. Studies have also been made on different hardiness modifying cultural factors including rootstock, crop load, raised beds and application of growth regulators. The latter seems promising for some species. Cold hardiness is an extremely complex phenomenon and understanding different mechanisms involved is critical. Since hardiness is, however, primarily affected by genotype, developing cold-hardy fruit cultivars and effective screening methods for hardiness are essential. Finally, cultural practices may be improved to further enhance hardiness. Key words: Berries, cold hardiness, fruits, small fruits, stress, winter hardiness

scholarly journals Cold hardiness of white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and lodgepole pine needles during dehardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Late Winter

Conifer winter damage results primarily from loss of cold hardiness during unseasonably warm days in late winter and early spring, and such damage may increase in frequency and severity under a warming climate. In this study, the dehardening dynamics of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were examined in relation to thermal accumulation during artificial dehardening in winter (December) and spring (March) using relative electrolyte leakage and visual assessment of pine needles and spruce shoots. Results indicated that all four species dehardened at a similar rate and to a similar extent, despite considerably different thermal accumulation requirements. Spring dehardening was comparatively faster, with black spruce slightly hardier than the other conifers at the late stage of spring dehardening. The difference, however, was relatively small and did not afford black spruce significant protection during seedling freezing tests prior to budbreak in late March and early May. The dehardening curves and models developed in this study may serve as a tool to predict cold hardiness by temperature and to understand the potential risks of conifer cold injury during warming–freezing events prior to budbreak.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document