Sodium fluoride induced metabolic changes in jack pine seedlings. I. Effect on gas exchange, water content, and carbohydrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zwiazek ◽  
Jennifer M. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Dark respiration, photosynthesis, water content, and carbohydrate pools were examined in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seedlings treated for 1–7 days with sodium fluoride. Compared with those of controls, both respiratory rates and respiratory quotient decreased in plants treated for 1 day. Photosynthetic rates declined in plants exposed to fluoride for 1, 2, and 4 days. Recovery was observed in seedlings treated for 7 days. A decrease in water content was noted as early as 1 day after the exposure of plants to fluoride, and seedlings treated for longer periods continued to contain less water than control plants. The following effects of sodium fluoride treatment on carbohydrates were observed. Firstly, inositol increased in plants after 1 day, glucose increased after 1 and 2 days, and starch significantly declined in plants treated for 1 day. Sucrose was also initially present in lower amounts in fluoride-treated seedlings. Plants treated for 7 days contained levels of sucrose similar to those of controls. The possibility that water stress may be partly responsible for some of the metabolic changes is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Strawberry F. chilocnsis and F. ×ananassa in Response to Water Stress: I. Leaf Water Potential, Relative Water Content, and Gas Exchange Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 601c-601
Author(s):  
Chuhe Chen ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Stephen F. Klauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

Leaf water potential (LWP), relative water content (RWC), gas exchange characteristics, and specific leaf weight (SLW) were measured six hours before, during, and after water stress treatment in F. chiloensis and F. ×ananassa grown in growth chambers. The leaves of both species showed significantly lower LWP and RWC as water stress developed. F. ×ananassa had consistency lower LWP under stressed and nonstressed conditions than F. chiloensis. F. ×ananassa had higher RWC under nonstressed conditions, and its RWC decreased more rapidly under water stress than F. chiloensis. In comparison to F. ×ananassa, F. chiloensis had significantly higher CO2 assimilation rate (A), leaf conductance (LC), and SLW, but not transpiration rate (Tr), under stressed and nonstressed conditions. LC was the most sensitive gas exchange characteristic to water stress and decreased first. Later, A and stomatal conductance were reduced under more severe water stress. A very high level of Tr was detected in F. ×ananassa under the most severe water stress and did not regain after stress recovery, suggesting a permanent damage to leaf. The Tr of F. chiloensis was affected less by water stress. Severe water stress resulted in higher SLW of both species.

scholarly journals Observations on Gas Exchange in the Developing Sultana Berry

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Kriedemann
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Early Phases

In its early phases of growth the grape berry, although lacking stomata, shows measurable photosynthetic activity. There also exists a capacity for dark C02 fixation following a period of illumination and a relatively high rate of dark respiration (expressed as 02 uptake) with a respiratory quotient which is less than unity. Oxygen uptake can be completely arrested by illumination.

Sodium fluoride induced metabolic changes in jack pine seedlings. II. Effect on growth, acid phosphatase, cytokinins, and pools of soluble proteins, amino acids, and organic acids

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1311-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zwiazek ◽  
Jennifer M. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenine ◽  
Significant Change

The effects of sodium fluoride on growth, cytokinin activity, acid phosphatase activity, and levels of soluble proteins, free amino acids, and organic acids in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seedlings were studied. Fresh and dry weights of seedlings were already reduced after 24 h of sodium fluoride treatment. No significant change in cytokinin levels was found in seedlings treated with 1 mM sodium fluoride. A higher (10 mM) concentration resulted in some decrease in cytokinin activity, which was insufficient, however, to account for the complete growth inhibition of seedlings. Marked reduction in cytokinin(s) with similar chromatographic behaviour to that of isopentenyl adenine and isopentenyl adenosine was observed in plants subjected to the 10-mM sodium fluoride treatment. Activity of acid phosphatase extracted from seedlings was drastically reduced by sodium fluoride invitro. When the enzyme was isolated from fluoride-treated plants, its activity was also lower but the inhibition was less pronounced. Levels of both organic and amino acids were affected by fluoride treatments. Depending on the level of fluoride treatment, the amount of soluble proteins decreased or showed no significant change. The implications of the observed changes are discussed.

Effect of sodium fluoride treatments on the mitotic cycle of root-tip cells in jack pine seedlings

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1606-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zwiazek ◽  
Jennifer M. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Accumulation Method ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Fluoride-induced changes in the mitotic cycle were studied in root-tip cells of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings using the metaphase accumulation method. Sodium fluoride treatments resulted in lengthening of the mitotic cycle. This was due to an increase in the duration of interphase. The duration of mitosis and individual mitotic phases was not affected by the treatments.

scholarly journals Isotopic and Water Relation Responses to Ozone and Water Stress in Seedlings of Three Oak Species with Different Adaptation Strategies

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Claudia Cocozza ◽  
Elena Paoletti ◽  
Tanja Mrak ◽  
Saša Zavadlav ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
The Impact

The impact of global changes on forest ecosystem processes is based on the species-specific responses of trees to the combined effect of multiple stressors and the capacity of each species to acclimate and cope with the environment modification. Combined environmental constraints can severely affect plant and ecological processes involved in plant functionality. This study provides novel insights into the impact of a simultaneous pairing of abiotic stresses (i.e., water and ozone (O3) stress) on the responses of oak species. Water stress (using 40 and 100% of soil water content at field capacity—WS and WW treatments, respectively) and O3 exposure (1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 times the ambient concentration—AA, 1.2AA, and 1.4AA, respectively) were carried out on Quercus robur L., Quercus ilex L., and Quercus pubescens Willd. seedlings, to study physiological traits (1. isotope signature [δ13C, δ18O and δ15N], 2. water relation [leaf water potential, leaf water content], 3. leaf gas exchange [light-saturated net photosynthesis, Asat, and stomatal conductance, gs]) for adaptation strategies in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) experiment. Ozone decreased Asat in Q. robur and Q. pubescens while water stress decreased it in all three oak species. Ozone did not affect δ13C, whereas δ18O was influenced by O3 especially in Q. robur. This may reflect a reduction of gs with the concomitant reduction in photosynthetic capacity. However, the effect of elevated O3 on leaf gas exchange as indicated by the combined analysis of stable isotopes was much lower than that of water stress. Water stress was detectable by δ13C and by δ18O in all three oak species, while δ15N did not define plant response to stress conditions in any species. The δ13C signal was correlated to leaf water content (LWC) in Q. robur and Q. ilex, showing isohydric and anisohydric strategy, respectively, at increasing stress intensity (low value of LWC). No interactive effect of water stress and O3 exposure on the isotopic responses was found, suggesting no cross-protection on seasonal carbon assimilation independently on the species adaptation strategy.

scholarly journals Leaf Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Response To Substrate Water Content: Linking Leaf Gas Exchange Regulation with Leaf Abscisic Acid Concentration

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Bauerle ◽  
William W. Inman ◽  
Jerry B. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Flow Measurements

Quantitative differences in leaf abscisic acid (ABAL) among four cultivars of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and one freeman maple (Acer ×freemanii E. Murray) cultivar were investigated. This study tested the hypothesis that ABAL concentration can be used to compare the effects of water stress on the gas exchange response of five different maple genotypes, including four red maple cultivars [`Summer Red', `October Glory', `Autumn Flame', and `Franksred' ('Red Sunset')] and one hybridized freeman maple cultivar ['Jeffersred' ('Autumn Blaze')]. Two-year-old cloned genotypes of red maple and freeman maple were subjected to two treatments: irrigated daily to container capacity or irrigation withheld for one drought and recovery cycle. Leaf abscisic acid concentration, gas exchange, and wholetree sap flow measurements were conducted under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Over the course of the drought stress and recovery phase, net photosynthesis (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) declined as ABAL and instantaneous water use efficiency (A/gs) increased. Until severe water stress conditions were prominent, water use was higher in `Summer Red' as compared to `October Glory'. This study found that ABAL tracked gs and that stomatal responsiveness to substrate moisture deficit is likely mediated by ABA accumulation in leaf tissue. This research demonstrates a leaf level physiological response to substrate volumetric water content that appears to depend on ABAL concentration. In addition, the evidence in this study indicates that ABAL may be used as a potential surrogate for the gs response to substrate water stress and could become part of a cultivar drought tolerance selection strategy for red maple and freeman maple.

scholarly journals (141) Leaf Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Response to Substrate Water Content: Variation Among Acer rubrum L. Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057D-1057
Author(s):  
William L. Bauerle ◽  
William W. Inman ◽  
Jerry B. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Flow Measurements

Quantitative differences in leaf abscisic acid (ABAL) among four cultivars of red (Acer rubrum L.) and one Freeman maple (Acer × freemanii E. Murray) were investigated. This study tested the hypothesis that ABAL concentration can be used to compare the effects of water stress on the gas exchange response of five different maple cultivars, including four red maple genotypes, `Summer Red', `October Glory', `Autumn Flame', and `Franksred' (Red Sunset), as well as one hybridized Freeman maple genotype, `Jeffersred' (Autumn Blaze). Cloned genotypes of red and Freeman maple were subjected to two treatments: 1) irrigated daily to container capacity or 2) irrigation withheld for one drought and recovery cycle. Leaf abscisic acid concentration, gas exchange, and whole-tree sap flow measurements were conducted under both conditions. Over the course of the drought stress and recovery phase, net photosynthesis (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) declined as ABAL and instantaneous water use efficiency (A/gs) increased. This study found that ABAL tracked gs and that stomatal responsiveness to substrate moisture deficit is likely mediated by ABA accumulation in leaf tissue. This research demonstrates a leaf-level physiological response to substrate volumetric water content that appears to depend on ABAL concentration. In addition, the evidence in this study indicates that ABAL may be used as a potential surrogate for the gs response to substrate water stress and could become part of a cultivar drought tolerance selection strategy for red and Freeman maple.

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