Sodium fluoride induced metabolic changes in jack pine seedlings. II. Effect on growth, acid phosphatase, cytokinins, and pools of soluble proteins, amino acids, and organic acids

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1311-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zwiazek ◽  
Jennifer M. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenine ◽  
Significant Change

The effects of sodium fluoride on growth, cytokinin activity, acid phosphatase activity, and levels of soluble proteins, free amino acids, and organic acids in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seedlings were studied. Fresh and dry weights of seedlings were already reduced after 24 h of sodium fluoride treatment. No significant change in cytokinin levels was found in seedlings treated with 1 mM sodium fluoride. A higher (10 mM) concentration resulted in some decrease in cytokinin activity, which was insufficient, however, to account for the complete growth inhibition of seedlings. Marked reduction in cytokinin(s) with similar chromatographic behaviour to that of isopentenyl adenine and isopentenyl adenosine was observed in plants subjected to the 10-mM sodium fluoride treatment. Activity of acid phosphatase extracted from seedlings was drastically reduced by sodium fluoride invitro. When the enzyme was isolated from fluoride-treated plants, its activity was also lower but the inhibition was less pronounced. Levels of both organic and amino acids were affected by fluoride treatments. Depending on the level of fluoride treatment, the amount of soluble proteins decreased or showed no significant change. The implications of the observed changes are discussed.

Free sugars, amino acids, and soluble proteins in the embryo and female gametophyte of jack pine as related to climate at the seed source

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan ◽  
V. Chalupa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds

Non-stratified and dormant seeds from various geographic sources across the natural range of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were separated into embryo (diploid) and female gametophyte (haploid) and examined for their free sugars, free and bound amino acids, and soluble proteins. Climatic factors from not less than 8 and as many as 15 widely separated seed sources correlated well with most chemical components of the embryo and gametophyte. The composition of the dormant embryo was also highly correlated to levels of sugars and nitrogenous compounds in the female gametophyte. Climate at the seed source clearly affected the degree to which metabolism of carbon and nitrogenous compounds in the seed proceeded before and during incipient germination. Upon germination of seeds from one of the sources, the gametophyte was rapidly consumed, arginine level and protein pattern in the embryo changed, many soluble proteins disappeared and amide content increased greatly.

scholarly journals Chemical Changes in Okra Stored in Air and Controlled Atmosphere

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawford Baxter ◽  
Luther Waters
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Ascorbic Acids

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) pods stored In a controlled atmosphere (CA) of 5% O2 and 10% CO2 at 11 ± 1C and in air at the same temperature (RA) were compared to determine the effects of the two storage environments on changes in sugars, organic acids, proteins and amino acids, and ascorbic acid contents within the tissue. Pods were sampled at 3-day intervals for 12 days. CA-stored pods generally had greater retention of sugars, soluble proteins, and amino acids than RA-stored pods. Citric, malic, and ascorbic acids contents of CA pods also declined more slowly than those of RA pods.

Sodium fluoride induced metabolic changes in jack pine seedlings. I. Effect on gas exchange, water content, and carbohydrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zwiazek ◽  
Jennifer M. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Dark respiration, photosynthesis, water content, and carbohydrate pools were examined in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seedlings treated for 1–7 days with sodium fluoride. Compared with those of controls, both respiratory rates and respiratory quotient decreased in plants treated for 1 day. Photosynthetic rates declined in plants exposed to fluoride for 1, 2, and 4 days. Recovery was observed in seedlings treated for 7 days. A decrease in water content was noted as early as 1 day after the exposure of plants to fluoride, and seedlings treated for longer periods continued to contain less water than control plants. The following effects of sodium fluoride treatment on carbohydrates were observed. Firstly, inositol increased in plants after 1 day, glucose increased after 1 and 2 days, and starch significantly declined in plants treated for 1 day. Sucrose was also initially present in lower amounts in fluoride-treated seedlings. Plants treated for 7 days contained levels of sucrose similar to those of controls. The possibility that water stress may be partly responsible for some of the metabolic changes is discussed.

scholarly journals Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Ye Jin Kim ◽  
Bao Van Nguyen ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycorisradiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.

scholarly journals Metabolomic-Based Comparison of Traditional and Industrial Doenjang Samples with Antioxidative Activities

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377
Author(s):  
Song-Hui Soung ◽  
Sunmin Lee ◽  
Seung-Hwa Lee ◽  
Hae-Jin Kim ◽  
Na-Rae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
New Products ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Fermentation Processes

Numerous varieties of doenjang are manufactured by many food companies using different ingredients and fermentation processes, and thus, the qualities such as taste and flavor are very different. Therefore, in this study, we compared many products, specifically, 19 traditional doenjang (TD) and 17 industrial doenjang (ID). Subsequently, we performed non-targeted metabolite profiling, and multivariate statistical analysis to discover distinct metabolites in two types of doenjang. Amino acids, organic acids, isoflavone aglycones, non-DDMP (2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4- one) soyasaponins, hydroxyisoflavones, and biogenic amines were relatively abundant in TD. On the contrary, contents of dipeptides, lysophospholipids, isoflavone glucosides and DDMP-conjugated soyasaponin, precursors of the above-mentioned metabolites, were comparatively higher in ID. We also observed relatively higher antioxidant, protease, and β-glucosidase activities in TD. Our results may provide valuable information on doenjang to consumers and manufacturers, which can be used while selecting and developing new products.

The Xylem Sap of Maize Roots: Its Collection, Composition and Formation

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Canny ◽  
ME Mccully
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Transpiration Stream ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Three methods of sampling xylem sap of maize roots were compared: sap bleeding from the stem cut just above the ground; sap bleeding from the cut tops of roots still undisturbed in the ground; and sap aspirated from excavated roots under reduced pressure. The bleeding saps were often unobtainable. When their composition was measured with time from cutting, the concentrations of the major solutes approximately doubled in 2 h. Aspirated sap was chosen as the most reliable sample of root xylem contents. Solute concentrations of the saps showed great variability between individual roots for all solutes, but on average the concentrations found (in �mol g-1 sap) were: total amino acids, 1.8; nitrate, 1.8; sugars (mainly sucrose), 5.4; total organic acids, 18.3. Individual amino acids also varied greatly between roots. Glutamine, aspartic acid and serine were generally most abundant. The principal organic acid found was malic, approximately 8 �mol g-1. From these analyses the ratios of carbon in the fractions (sugars : amino acids : organic acids) = (44 : 6 : 50). 14Carbon pulse fed to a leaf appeared in the root sap within 30 min, rose to a peak at 4-6 h, and declined slowly over a week. During all this time the neutral, cation and anion fractions were sensibly constant in the proportions 86 : 10 : 4. The 14C therefore did not move towards the equilibrium of 12C-compounds in the sap. It is argued that the results do not support a hypothesis of formation of amino carbon from recent assimilate and reduced nitrate in the roots and an export of this to the shoot in the transpiration stream.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document