Effects of CO2 enrichment, elevated temperature, and nitrogen availability on the growth and gas exchange of different families of jack pine seedlings

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Cantin ◽  
M F Tremblay ◽  
M J Lechowicz ◽  
C Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

scholarly journals Warming and elevated ozone differently modify needle anatomy of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Kivimäenpää ◽  
Sirkka Sutinen ◽  
Hanna Valolahti ◽  
Elina Häikiö ◽  
Johanna Riikonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Needle Anatomy ◽  
Elevated Ozone

Acclimation of conifer needle anatomy to climate change is poorly understood. We studied needle anatomy, shoot gas exchange, current-year shoot length, and stem diameter growth in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings exposed to elevated ozone (1.35× to 1.5× ambient concentration) and elevated temperature (0.9–1.3 °C + ambient temperature) alone and in combination for two exposure seasons in two separate open-field experiments in central Finland. Pines grew also at two soil nitrogen levels. In spruce, warming increased mesophyll intercellular space and reduced gas exchange and shoot growth and made needles narrower and the epidermis and hypodermis thinner. In pine, warming made needles bigger, increased shoot and stem growth, stomatal row number, and proportions of vascular cylinder, phloem, and xylem and reduced the proportion of mesophyll. These responses indicate that pine benefited and spruce suffered from moderate warming. Ozone caused a thickening of epi- and hypo-dermis and a lower stomatal conductance in both species, reduced stomatal density in spruce, and increased proportions of phloem, xylem, and sclerenchyma and reduced growth in pine. Ozone responses suggest increased oxidative stress defense. Stomatal responses were affected by interactions of elevated temperature and ozone in both species. Nitrogen availability modified ozone and temperature responses, particularly in the vascular tissues in pine.

Sodium fluoride induced metabolic changes in jack pine seedlings. I. Effect on gas exchange, water content, and carbohydrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zwiazek ◽  
Jennifer M. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Dark respiration, photosynthesis, water content, and carbohydrate pools were examined in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seedlings treated for 1–7 days with sodium fluoride. Compared with those of controls, both respiratory rates and respiratory quotient decreased in plants treated for 1 day. Photosynthetic rates declined in plants exposed to fluoride for 1, 2, and 4 days. Recovery was observed in seedlings treated for 7 days. A decrease in water content was noted as early as 1 day after the exposure of plants to fluoride, and seedlings treated for longer periods continued to contain less water than control plants. The following effects of sodium fluoride treatment on carbohydrates were observed. Firstly, inositol increased in plants after 1 day, glucose increased after 1 and 2 days, and starch significantly declined in plants treated for 1 day. Sucrose was also initially present in lower amounts in fluoride-treated seedlings. Plants treated for 7 days contained levels of sucrose similar to those of controls. The possibility that water stress may be partly responsible for some of the metabolic changes is discussed.

Applied gibberellin A4/7 increases ovulate strobili production in accelerated growth jack pine seedlings

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Cecich
Keyword(s):  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Accelerated Growth

Jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seeds were sown in October, January, and March, and the seedlings were cultured under accelerated growth conditions in a greenhouse. At biweekly intervals, from May 15 to August 15, they were transplanted to a nearby nursery and sprayed with GA4/7 or GA4/7 + NAA. The following spring a fourfold increase in flowering was noted in trees receiving either of the GA4/7 treatments. Trees in the March sowing did not flower. The data suggest that the increased flowering was caused by GA4/7-mediated differentiation of lateral long-branch primordia into ovulate strobili.

EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES ON CARBON DIOXIDE UPTAKE BY PINE SEEDLINGS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 961-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sasaki ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Uptake ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Steady Rate

Experiments were conducted on effects of herbicides applied to soil or sprayed on shoots on CO2 uptake of 3-year-old Pinus resinosa Ait. seedlings. When applied to the soil, atrazine, monuron, EPTC, and 2,4-D at 20 lb/ac (soil surface basis) or at 4000 p.p.m. variously decreased absorption of CO2. Monuron checked gas exchange most rapidly, with no CO2 uptake measurable after 10 days. Atrazine and 2,4-D inhibited absorption of CO2 at a steady rate. EPTC caused a delayed inhibition of CO2 uptake. DCPA, CDAA, CDEC, and NPA did not affect gas exchange significantly. Monuron applied as a spray depressed CO2 uptake somewhat faster than the soil-applied herbicide. Very rapid inhibition of CO2 uptake was observed after spray application of 2,4-D or EPTC. Atrazine affected gas exchange similarly when applied as a spray or incorporated in the soil. DCPA, applied as a spray, did not affect absorption of CO2 significantly. Possible reasons for differences in CO2 uptake after spray and soil-application of certain herbicides are discussed. Inert ingredients of EPTC applied as sprays at a concentration of 4000 p.p.m. greatly reduced CO2 absorption 3 days after treatment. However, the rapid early depression of gas exchange was followed by recovery, with no obvious deleterious effects on growth up to 3 months after treatment. Some herbicides checked CO2 absorption without chlorophyll breakdown whereas others did not. Monuron completely inhibited CO2 uptake long before any changes in leaf color were evident. In contrast, depression of CO2 absorption by atrazine and 2,4-D rather closely paralleled development of toxicity symptoms, especially chlorosis. These observations suggested that some herbicides such as monuron affected the photosynthetic mechanism more directly than others such as atrazine, 2,4-D, and EPTC.

Growth and gas exchange of loblolly pine seedlings as influenced by drought and air pollutants

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong S. Lee ◽  
Boris I. Chevone ◽  
John R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Container Volume Affects Survival and Growth of White Spruce, Black Spruce, and Jack Pine Seedlings: A Literature Review

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Craig Sutherland ◽  
Robert J. Day
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract This paper is the first general review of the affects of container volume on the survival and growth of containerized white spruce, black spruce, and jack pine seedlings. The review shows that the literature on this topic is fragmentary and inconsistent. Seedling growth in the greenhouse production phase has been more completely quantified than subsequent establishment and growth after out-planting in the field. In the greenhouse production phase, seedling growth increased from 72 to 360% when the container volume was tripled in size. After outplanting in the field, seedling growth trends were more variable. Seedling height growth increased from 34 to 84% when container volume was tripled in size. Seedling survival was more difficult to assess because of limited data. Only white spruce showed a 10% increase in survival with an increase in container volume. The indications from this literature review suggest that nursery managers and practicing foresters should become more aware of the limitations imposed on seedling survival and growth due to container volume. To maintain optional survival and growth for white spruce, black spruce and jack pine, the container volume should range from 90 to 120 cm3. North. J. Appl. For. 5:185-189, Sept. 1988.

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana). I. Cheminement des engrais dans le sol

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Coated Urea

Six nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate) were individually applied, either in fall or in spring, at a rate of 224 kg N/ha and compared for nitrogen retention in the different horizons of a podzol under jack pine. Despite its susceptibility to nitrogen losses through ammonia volatilization, urea was by far, among readily available nitrogen fertilizers, the one whose nitrogen is best retained in soil surface horizons. Retention varied with weather conditions that prevailed immediately after fertilizer application. With the other fertilizers used, nitrogen retention followed this order: ammonium sulfate > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate. After four seasons, about 50% of the nitrogen applied as sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde was still found in its original form. Ammonium sulfate is next to urea among the recommended nitrogen sources for similar jack pine sites, considering that fertilizers with nitrate are prone to leaching and the sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde used presented problems of nitrogen availability.

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