Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. III. Effects of commercially produced inoculum on container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling L. Hung ◽  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Container Nurseries

Inoculation of container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings with vegetative inoculum of Laccarialaccata (Scop.:Fr.) Berk. & Br., prepared by Sylvan Spawn Laboratory, yielded ectomycorrhizae in a research greenhouse experiment; however, in two container nurseries, ectomycorrhizae were observed only on inoculated Douglas-fir seedlings. Successfully colonized seedlings had more short roots than did the controls. The percentage of L. laccata ectomycorrhizae increased with increasing inoculation rates. Inoculation rate for best seedling growth and ectomycorrhiza formation differed between nurseries. Inoculation at an "optimal" rate resulted in quality seedlings and abundant ectomycorrhiza formation at each nursery. Inoculation of Douglas-fir with L. laccata in a commercial nursery application is feasible.

Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. I. Consistency between isolates in effective colonization of containerized conifer seedlings

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Colonization Success ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

Four isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br. were inoculated singly onto containerized Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings to detect ecotypic variation in colonization success and effects on seedling growth. All isolates formed well-developed ectomycorrhizae on all inoculated seedlings. Abundance ratings of short roots colonized did not differ between the four isolates for any conifer species; most inoculated seedlings developed ectomycorrhizae on over 80% of their short roots. There were also no differences between isolates in affecting seedling height, stem diameter, and dry weight of tops and roots for all conifer species. Inoculations did not improve seedling growth over uninoculated controls. Uninoculated controls of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine had significantly greater dry weight than their inoculated seedlings; growth of Sitka spruce and western hemlock seedlings was not affected by any inoculation treatment. Laccarialaccata vigorously colonized the entire container rooting substrate and appears a prime candidate for artificial ectomycorrhizal inoculation of containerized western conifers.

Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. II. Effects of fertilizer forms and levels on ectomycorrhizal development and growth of container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Molina ◽  
John Chamard
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Berk, and Br. and grown under three levels of soluble fertilizer (low, high, and a combination of low changed to high) and full and half strength of a slow-release fertilizer. Ectomycorrhiza development was excellent for both hosts regardless of fertilizer treatment; percent ectomycorrhizal short roots averaged 93.6 for Douglas-fir and 94.5 for ponderosa pine. Inoculation did not affect the size of Douglas-fir but significantly reduced growth of ponderosa pine under low fertility. L. laccata performed well under high-fertility regimes; production of outplantable nursery stock with well-developed ectomycorrhizae was obtained.

Diversity and host specificity of ectomycorrhizal fungi retrieved from three adjacent forest sites by five host species

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
H B Massicotte ◽  
R Molina ◽  
L E Tackaberry ◽  
J E Smith ◽  
M P Amaranthus
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Arbutus Menziesii

Seedlings of Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. (grand fir), Lithocarpus densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. (tanoak), Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. (ponderosa pine), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir), and Arbutus menziesii Pursh (madrone) were planted in mixture and monoculture in soil collected from three adjacent forest sites in southwestern Oregon (a clearcut area, a 25-year-old Douglas-fir plantation, and a mature 90- to 160-year-old Douglas-fir - pine forest) to determine the effect of host tree diversity on retrieval of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes. In this greenhouse bioassay, 18 morphotypes of mycorrhizae were recognized overall from all soils with a total of 55 host-fungus combinations: 14 types with ponderosa pine, 14 with Douglas-fir, 10 with tanoak, 10 with grand fir, and 7 for madrone. Four genus-specific morphotypes were retrieved (three on ponderosa pine and one on Douglas-fir), even in mixture situations, demonstrating selectivity of some fungal propagules by their respective host. Five types were detected on all hosts, but not necessarily in soils from all sites. The remaining nine types were associated with two, three, or four hosts, which indicates a wide potential for interspecific hyphal linkages between trees. More morphotypes were retrieved from the monoculture treatments compared with the mixture treatments, although the differences were not significant. Several examples of acropetal replacement of one fungus by another (interpreted as succession) were recorded on all hosts during the course of the experiment. These results illustrate the importance of different host species in maintaining ectomycorrhizal fungus diversity, especially fungi with restricted host range, and the strong potential for fungal linkages between trees in forest ecosystems.Key words: fungal succession, fungal communities, compatibility, Arbutus menziesii, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, Abies grandis, Lithocarpus densiflora.

scholarly journals Effect of Root-Plug Incorporated Controlled-Release Fertilizer on Two-Year Growth and Survival of Planted Ponderosa Pine Seedlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Moore ◽  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
Bahman Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Fast Release

Abstract Three controlled-release fertilizers (fast release [FR], moderate release [MR], and slow release [SR]) were incorporated in the root plug at rates of 0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 g/seedling at the time of sowing as supplements to nursery supplied soluble fertilizer. Effects on seedling growth, survival, and foliar nutrient status of the “160/90” container ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were evaluated after outplanting. At the end of the second growing season, fertilized seedlings had significantly greater diameter and height than unfertilized seedlings. The 3.2 g of MR or SR fertilizer treatments produced significantly higher mortality (55 and 36%, respectively) than the controls. The fast release fertilizer included at a rate of 0.8 g in each seedling's container was the preferred treatment since it produced good survival and seedling growth response. A 2-yr growth response of about 25% was similar to that observed in a nearby study using adjacent placement of controlled-release fertilizer after planting ponderosa pine seedlings. West. J. Appl. For. 17(4):216–219.

Efficiency in a forest nursery of an ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum produced in a fermentor and entrapped in polymeric gels

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1664-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Le Tacon ◽  
G. Jung ◽  
J. Mugnier ◽  
P. Michelot ◽  
C. Mauperin
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Hebeloma Cylindrosporum ◽  
Polymeric Gels ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

In a nursery in the centre of France, we have compared the effect of different forms of an ectomycorrhizal fungus inoculum (Hebeloma cylindrosporum) on growth and mycorrhizal development of Douglas-fir and Norway spruce after soil fumigation. Compared with inoculum produced on peat and vermiculite, the inoculum produced in a fermentor and entrapped in polymeric gels significantly improved Douglas-fir and Norway spruce seedling growth. The Hebeloma mycorrhizal index was not significantly different between the different forms of inocula. The superiority of the inoculum produced in the fermentor and entrapped in gels is probably related to the high metabolic activity of the mycelium and to the protection given by the polymers after the incorporation of the inoculum into the soil. Hebeloma cylindrosporum stimulates seedling growth even in the presence of Thelephora terrestris mycorrhiza.

scholarly journals Growth of Douglas-Fir and Ponderosa Pine Seedlings with Foliar Applications of Methanol and Ethanol

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
Gladwin Joseph ◽  
Rick G. Kelsey
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract To test whether methanol or ethanol stimulated growth of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii vat. menziesii) or ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings, we sprayed concentrations of 1 to 10% (v/v) on the foliage twice a week for 13 wk during the growing season. Foliar applications of methanol and ethanol neither significantly stimulated nor inhibited growth, and signs of damage at these concentrations were lacking. West. J. Appl. For. 14(4):183-185.

Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation of Containerized Douglas-fir and Lodgepole Pine Seedlings with Six Isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Vegetative Mycelium ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

Abstract Containerized Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine seedlings grown under lowered fertility were inoculated with vegetative mycelium from six isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius. The isolates differed both culturally and in effectiveness as ectomycorrhizal inoculum. The percent of seedlings successfully inoculated and percent of feeder roots colonized differed significantly among the isolates. Analysis of variance, however, for seedling height, stem diameter, stem and root dry weights, and top/root ratio showed no significant differences between any inoculation treatment and controls for either tree species. This study reinforces the concept that a wide array of fungus ecotypes should be tested before a specific strain is selected for wide-scale nursery inoculations. Forest Sci. 25:585-590.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Barriers to Protect Ponderosa Pine Seedlings from Pocket Gophers

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pipas ◽  
Gary W. Witmer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Thomomys Talpoides ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A 2 yr study on the Rogue River and Mt. Hood National Forests in Oregon evaluated physical barriers for protection of Pinus ponderosa seedlings against damage by Thomomys talpoides. Seedlings protected with one of three weights of: (1) plastic mesh tubing (Vexar®) or (2) sandpapertubing (Durite®) were evaluated against control seedlings. On the Rogue River sites, Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (62.6%), followed by the controls (59.1%), then Durite® seedlings (17.9%). Gophers were the primary cause of death for the Vexar® seedlings, versus desiccation for the Durite® seedlings. On the Mt. Hood sites, heavyweight Vexar® seedlings had the highest survival (35.4%), medium-weight Durite® seedlings the lowest (2.7%). Seedling mortality caused by gophers was highest for controls (70.2%), followed by light-weight (62.2%) and heavy-weight (53.9%) Vexar® treatments. Overall survival was low (Rogue River = 42%, Mt. Hood = 19.8%). Growth was greatest for the control seedlings but only significantly greater than growth of Durite® seedlings on the Rogue River sites. Growth of seedlings was not compromised by the Vexar® tubing. Although neither type of tubing was highly protective, Vexar® tubes performed better than Durite® tubes. West. J. Appl. For. 14(3):164-168.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

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