Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation of Containerized Douglas-fir and Lodgepole Pine Seedlings with Six Isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Vegetative Mycelium ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

Abstract Containerized Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine seedlings grown under lowered fertility were inoculated with vegetative mycelium from six isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius. The isolates differed both culturally and in effectiveness as ectomycorrhizal inoculum. The percent of seedlings successfully inoculated and percent of feeder roots colonized differed significantly among the isolates. Analysis of variance, however, for seedling height, stem diameter, stem and root dry weights, and top/root ratio showed no significant differences between any inoculation treatment and controls for either tree species. This study reinforces the concept that a wide array of fungus ecotypes should be tested before a specific strain is selected for wide-scale nursery inoculations. Forest Sci. 25:585-590.

Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. I. Consistency between isolates in effective colonization of containerized conifer seedlings

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Colonization Success ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

Four isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br. were inoculated singly onto containerized Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings to detect ecotypic variation in colonization success and effects on seedling growth. All isolates formed well-developed ectomycorrhizae on all inoculated seedlings. Abundance ratings of short roots colonized did not differ between the four isolates for any conifer species; most inoculated seedlings developed ectomycorrhizae on over 80% of their short roots. There were also no differences between isolates in affecting seedling height, stem diameter, and dry weight of tops and roots for all conifer species. Inoculations did not improve seedling growth over uninoculated controls. Uninoculated controls of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine had significantly greater dry weight than their inoculated seedlings; growth of Sitka spruce and western hemlock seedlings was not affected by any inoculation treatment. Laccarialaccata vigorously colonized the entire container rooting substrate and appears a prime candidate for artificial ectomycorrhizal inoculation of containerized western conifers.

Relationship between the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius associated with loblolly pine and acid-generating Thiobacillus spp. on an acidic strip mine site

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 878-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Hendrix ◽  
Cathy Stevens Hunt ◽  
Dale M. Maronek
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Strip Mine

Loblolly pine seedlings were transplanted onto a pyritic coal mine site in a commercial reclamation effort. After 5 years, trees which became naturally infected with Pisolithus tinctorius, or other ectomycorrhizal fungi which produced sporocarps, were twice the height and stem diameter of trees not associated with sporocarps. The hypothesis that P. tinctorius promotes superior growth of its host by inhibiting the growth or activity of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans, which catalyze production of sulfuric acid from pyrite, was examined. Soil pH was lower in the root zones of trees associated with P. tinctorius than with trees not associated with P. tinctorius, and sulfate was higher. Differences were not found in ferric or ferrous ions or in populations of the two bacterial species. Apparently P. tinctorius benefits its hosts by mechanisms other than inhibition of Thiobacillus spp.

Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. III. Effects of commercially produced inoculum on container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling L. Hung ◽  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Container Nurseries

Inoculation of container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings with vegetative inoculum of Laccarialaccata (Scop.:Fr.) Berk. & Br., prepared by Sylvan Spawn Laboratory, yielded ectomycorrhizae in a research greenhouse experiment; however, in two container nurseries, ectomycorrhizae were observed only on inoculated Douglas-fir seedlings. Successfully colonized seedlings had more short roots than did the controls. The percentage of L. laccata ectomycorrhizae increased with increasing inoculation rates. Inoculation rate for best seedling growth and ectomycorrhiza formation differed between nurseries. Inoculation at an "optimal" rate resulted in quality seedlings and abundant ectomycorrhiza formation at each nursery. Inoculation of Douglas-fir with L. laccata in a commercial nursery application is feasible.

Eight Plantations of Lodgepole Pine in West Central Alberta

1979 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
A. K. Helium
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
West Central ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Root Collar

Lodgepole pine seedlings in eight plantations established between 1972 and 1976 in west central Alberta had very similar early height growth compared with natural wildlings or seedlings which have grown on site from seed.Smaller root collar diameters, lighter seedlings, less root extension and growth, and possible development of shoot/root ratios exceeding 8.0 in planted stock later than seven years from seed germination, are the only measures to suggest that planted stock might be developing non-normal growth patterns in later years.The study showed that the planted stock maintained and increased its height-growth-lead over natural wildlings for at least four years after outplanting because of the head start in the nursery. This advantage represented an ever-decreasing part of the total seedling height and was estimated to have virtually no long-term significance because natural wildlings grew more rapidly in height than planted seedlings, year for year.

Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. II. Effects of fertilizer forms and levels on ectomycorrhizal development and growth of container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Molina ◽  
John Chamard
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Berk, and Br. and grown under three levels of soluble fertilizer (low, high, and a combination of low changed to high) and full and half strength of a slow-release fertilizer. Ectomycorrhiza development was excellent for both hosts regardless of fertilizer treatment; percent ectomycorrhizal short roots averaged 93.6 for Douglas-fir and 94.5 for ponderosa pine. Inoculation did not affect the size of Douglas-fir but significantly reduced growth of ponderosa pine under low fertility. L. laccata performed well under high-fertility regimes; production of outplantable nursery stock with well-developed ectomycorrhizae was obtained.

Survival and growth of pines with specific ectomycorrhizae after 3 years on a highly eroded site

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Vegetative Mycelium ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth

Container-grown pine seedlings inoculated with vegetative mycelium of Pisolithus tinctorius, Laccaria laccata, or P. tinctorius plus the saprophytic Lepiota lutea were outplanted on a highly eroded reforestation site in Mexico. After 3 years, seedlings initially colonized by P. tinctorius plus L. lutea had the highest survival. Seedlings with P. tinctorius mycorrhizae (either alone or with L. lutea) had greater height, stem diameter, and seedling volume than both seedlings with L. laccata mycorrhizae and noninoculated seedlings. The average volume of seedlings with P. tinctorius or with P. tinctorius plus L. lutea was 538 and 423%, respectively, of that of noninoculated seedlings. The potential benefit of utilizing P. tinctorius inoculum in reforestation programs in Mexico is discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

Early growth of lodgepole pine after establishment of alsike clover–Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Trowbridge ◽  
F.B. Holl
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Needle Mass

An overdense lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.) stand was knocked down and the site was prepared by broadcast burn, windrow burn, or mechanical forest floor removal. Inoculated alsike clover (Trifoliumhybridum L.) was seeded at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha for the three different site preparation treatments to determine the effects of (i) site preparation on infection and effectiveness of the clover–Rhizobium symbiosis and clover percent cover and (ii) the clover–Rhizobium N2-fixing symbiosis on survival, early growth, and foliar nitrogen concentration of lodgepole pine seedlings. The N2-fixing symbiosis established well in all treatments. Clover percent cover increased with increasing rate of seeding, although by relatively few percent in the clover seeded plots. Broadcast burning, windrow burning, and mechanical forest floor removal did not affect the establishment of the N2-fixing symbiosis or clover percent cover. Lodgepole pine survival was not affected by the seeding treatments in any year, nor were height measurements during the first three growing seasons. Seedling height was slightly less in clover-seeded plots compared with controls in the fourth growing season. Lodgepole pine seedlings on clover-seeded plots had decreased diameter growth compared with controls during the first three growing seasons, but incremental diameter growth no longer showed this effect by the fourth growing season. Needle mass (g/100 needles) was less in clover-seeded plots at the end of the second growing season, but this effect was reversed by the fourth growing season, when both needle mass and foliar nitrogen concentration in lodgepole pine foliage were greater in clover-seeded plots.

Stand growth responses after fertilization for thinned lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and spruce in forests of interior British Columbia, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1482
Author(s):  
Woongsoon Jang ◽  
Bianca N.I. Eskelson ◽  
Louise de Montigny ◽  
Catherine A. Bealle Statland ◽  
Derek F. Sattler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Responses

This study was conducted to quantify growth responses of three major commercial conifer species (lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson), interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), and spruce (white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and hybrid spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex. Engelm. × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière))) to various fertilizer blends in interior British Columbia, Canada. Over 25 years, growth-response data were repeatedly collected across 46 installations. The fertilizer blends were classified into three groups: nitrogen only; nitrogen and sulfur combined; and nitrogen, sulfur, and boron combined. The growth responses for stand volume, basal area, and top height were calculated through absolute and relative growth rate ratios relative to a controlled group. Fertilizer blend, inverse years since fertilization, site index, stand density at fertilization, and their interactions with the fertilizer blend were used as explanatory variables. The magnitude and significance of volume and basal area growth responses to fertilization differed by species, fertilizer-blend groups, and stand-condition variables (i.e., site index and stand density). In contrast, the response in top height growth did not differ among fertilization blends, with the exception of the nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer subgroup for lodgepole pine. The models developed in this study will be incorporated into the current growth and yield fertilization module (i.e., Table Interpolation Program for Stand Yields (TIPSY)), thereby supporting guidance of fertilization applications in interior forests in British Columbia.

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