Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. II. Effects of fertilizer forms and levels on ectomycorrhizal development and growth of container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Molina ◽  
John Chamard
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Berk, and Br. and grown under three levels of soluble fertilizer (low, high, and a combination of low changed to high) and full and half strength of a slow-release fertilizer. Ectomycorrhiza development was excellent for both hosts regardless of fertilizer treatment; percent ectomycorrhizal short roots averaged 93.6 for Douglas-fir and 94.5 for ponderosa pine. Inoculation did not affect the size of Douglas-fir but significantly reduced growth of ponderosa pine under low fertility. L. laccata performed well under high-fertility regimes; production of outplantable nursery stock with well-developed ectomycorrhizae was obtained.

Inoculation of container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings with basidiospores of Rhizopogonvinicolor and R. colossus: effects of fertility and spore application rate

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Castellano ◽  
James M. Trappe ◽  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes

Basidiospores of Rhizopogonvinicolor Smith and R. colossus Smith were inoculated onto container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings and grown under two levels of soluble fertilizer and one level of slow-release fertilizer. Both fungi formed abundant ectomycorrhizae on more than 54% of feeder roots under the soluble fertilizer regimes. Slow-release fertilizer suppressed mycorrhizal formation by both fungi. Height growth was significantly increased under low fertility with all basidiospore application rates of R. colossus and the three lowest application rates of R. vinicolor. The high fertility regime produced plantable Douglas-fir seedlings with abundant ectomycorrhizae of R. colossus and R. vinicolor.

Effect of fertilization on seedling growth, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, and nutrient uptake in Larixlaricina

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
L. Chatarpaul
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

Container-grown Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch seedlings were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata (Scop, ex Fr.) Berk and Br. and grown under two levels of slow-release fertilizer (Osmocote) or two levels of soluble fertilizer (N–P–K). Nonmycorrhizal seedlings grew better under high fertility regimes, whereas no significant differences were observed between low and high fertility levels for the mycorrhizal seedlings. Mycorrhizal seedlings had significantly greater root length, total biomass, and a lower shoot:root ratio under all fertility treatments. Ectomycorrhizal development was excellent regardless of fertilizer treatment. Nitrogen, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations were significantly higher in the mycorrhizal seedlings than in the nonmycorrhizal seedlings under all fertility regimes.

Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. III. Effects of commercially produced inoculum on container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling L. Hung ◽  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Container Nurseries

Inoculation of container-grown Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine seedlings with vegetative inoculum of Laccarialaccata (Scop.:Fr.) Berk. & Br., prepared by Sylvan Spawn Laboratory, yielded ectomycorrhizae in a research greenhouse experiment; however, in two container nurseries, ectomycorrhizae were observed only on inoculated Douglas-fir seedlings. Successfully colonized seedlings had more short roots than did the controls. The percentage of L. laccata ectomycorrhizae increased with increasing inoculation rates. Inoculation rate for best seedling growth and ectomycorrhiza formation differed between nurseries. Inoculation at an "optimal" rate resulted in quality seedlings and abundant ectomycorrhiza formation at each nursery. Inoculation of Douglas-fir with L. laccata in a commercial nursery application is feasible.

Diversity and host specificity of ectomycorrhizal fungi retrieved from three adjacent forest sites by five host species

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
H B Massicotte ◽  
R Molina ◽  
L E Tackaberry ◽  
J E Smith ◽  
M P Amaranthus
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Arbutus Menziesii

Seedlings of Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. (grand fir), Lithocarpus densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. (tanoak), Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. (ponderosa pine), Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir), and Arbutus menziesii Pursh (madrone) were planted in mixture and monoculture in soil collected from three adjacent forest sites in southwestern Oregon (a clearcut area, a 25-year-old Douglas-fir plantation, and a mature 90- to 160-year-old Douglas-fir - pine forest) to determine the effect of host tree diversity on retrieval of ectomycorrhizal morphotypes. In this greenhouse bioassay, 18 morphotypes of mycorrhizae were recognized overall from all soils with a total of 55 host-fungus combinations: 14 types with ponderosa pine, 14 with Douglas-fir, 10 with tanoak, 10 with grand fir, and 7 for madrone. Four genus-specific morphotypes were retrieved (three on ponderosa pine and one on Douglas-fir), even in mixture situations, demonstrating selectivity of some fungal propagules by their respective host. Five types were detected on all hosts, but not necessarily in soils from all sites. The remaining nine types were associated with two, three, or four hosts, which indicates a wide potential for interspecific hyphal linkages between trees. More morphotypes were retrieved from the monoculture treatments compared with the mixture treatments, although the differences were not significant. Several examples of acropetal replacement of one fungus by another (interpreted as succession) were recorded on all hosts during the course of the experiment. These results illustrate the importance of different host species in maintaining ectomycorrhizal fungus diversity, especially fungi with restricted host range, and the strong potential for fungal linkages between trees in forest ecosystems.Key words: fungal succession, fungal communities, compatibility, Arbutus menziesii, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus ponderosa, Abies grandis, Lithocarpus densiflora.

The effect of wrenching on morphology and field performance of Douglas fir and loblolly pine seedlings

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuomi Tanaka ◽  
J. D. Walstad ◽  
J. E. Borrecco
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Second Year

Second-year Douglas fir and 1st-year loblolly pine nursery stock were undercut and wrenched while actively growing in nursery beds. Their morphology and field performance were compared with Douglas fir seedlings that had been undercut only and with loblolly pine seedlings that had been left intact.The treatment produced shorter, thinner-stemmed loblolly pine seedlings with reduced shoot dry weight. Height, diameter, and shoot dry weight of Douglas fir seedlings were virtually unaffected, but root dry weight was increased substantially. Development of fibrous lateral roots was stimulated in both species. As a consequence, shoot–root ratios were considerably improved, and the seedlings were better conditioned to withstand outplanting. On droughty sites, field survival of Douglas fir was increased by 20 percentage points and loblolly pine by 30 percentage points. Wrenching also extended by several weeks the fall and spring planting periods for loblolly pine and the fall planting period for Douglas fir.

Use of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata in forestry. I. Consistency between isolates in effective colonization of containerized conifer seedlings

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Colonization Success ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

Four isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccarialaccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br. were inoculated singly onto containerized Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings to detect ecotypic variation in colonization success and effects on seedling growth. All isolates formed well-developed ectomycorrhizae on all inoculated seedlings. Abundance ratings of short roots colonized did not differ between the four isolates for any conifer species; most inoculated seedlings developed ectomycorrhizae on over 80% of their short roots. There were also no differences between isolates in affecting seedling height, stem diameter, and dry weight of tops and roots for all conifer species. Inoculations did not improve seedling growth over uninoculated controls. Uninoculated controls of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine had significantly greater dry weight than their inoculated seedlings; growth of Sitka spruce and western hemlock seedlings was not affected by any inoculation treatment. Laccarialaccata vigorously colonized the entire container rooting substrate and appears a prime candidate for artificial ectomycorrhizal inoculation of containerized western conifers.

scholarly journals Growth of Douglas-Fir and Ponderosa Pine Seedlings with Foliar Applications of Methanol and Ethanol

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
Gladwin Joseph ◽  
Rick G. Kelsey
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract To test whether methanol or ethanol stimulated growth of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii vat. menziesii) or ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings, we sprayed concentrations of 1 to 10% (v/v) on the foliage twice a week for 13 wk during the growing season. Foliar applications of methanol and ethanol neither significantly stimulated nor inhibited growth, and signs of damage at these concentrations were lacking. West. J. Appl. For. 14(4):183-185.

scholarly journals Three-Year Response of Ponderosa Pine Seedlings to Controlled-Release Fertilizer Applied at Planting

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
James A. Moore ◽  
Bahman Shafii ◽  
Harold L. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Height Increase

Abstract Four controlled-release fertilizers (fast release [FR], moderate release [MR], slow release [SR] and slow release with micronutrients extended [ME]) were applied, at rates of 0, 5, 15 and 30 g/seedling, to ponderosa pine seedlings (Pinus ponderosa Doug. ex Laws) immediately after planting. Compared to the controls, the 5 and15 g/seedling of FR or ME fertilizer produced significantly greater caliper growth and the 5 and 15 g/seedling of ME fertilizer and 15 and 30 g of FR fertilizer produced significantly greater height growth after 3 yr. Mortality occurred mainly during the first growing season and varied substantially with fertilizer types and dosage. High dosage (30 g/seedling) generally caused more mortality than other dosage levels. Seventy-eight, 54, 51, and 36% of total nutrients had been released from the FR, MR, SR and ME products, respectively, by late August of the first growing season. Early in the second growing season, the FR product had released 98% of its total nutrients, and the MR, SR, and ME products had released over 90% of their nutrients. The best fertilizer treatment, 15 g of the ME product, produced a 21% diameter increase and a 30% height increase 3 yr after treatment. The relative magnitude of the growth responses is similar to those observed from other adjacent placement, controlled-release, seedling fertilization studies in the Northwest. West. J. Appl. For. 17(3):154–164.

Effect of competition on genetically improved ponderosa pine seedlings

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 940-946
Author(s):  
P M McDonald ◽  
S R Mori ◽  
G O Fiddler
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Northern California ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Genetically Improved

In northern California, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) height and diameter growth were analyzed to determine if genetically improved seedlings were more competitive than other vegetation and if they outgrew nursery stock in the field. Analysis of growth during the third through sixth growing seasons (1992-1995), indicated no statistical differences for pine height or diameter among genetic classes (control pollinated, wind pollinated, nursery run) when grown with competing vegetation. In 1995, mean height of seedlings grown with competition was 2.4 m for control-pollinated seedlings, 2.3 m for wind-pollinated seedlings, and 2.2 m for nursery-run seedlings. For seedlings grown essentially without competition, control-pollinated seedlings significantly outgrew nursery-run seedlings in height each year for the first six growing seasons. In 1995, the values were 3.0 versus 2.6 m, respectively. The competition consisted of a vigorous stand of shrubs, hardwood sprouts, forbs, and grasses. Within each genetic class, mean height and diameter of pines were significantly larger without competition.

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