Ten-year growth and nutrition effects of a straw treatment and of repeated fertilization on jack pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Weetman ◽  
R. M. Fournier

Straw was added over snow to smother ground vegetation (straw experiment) in sample plots in a 45-year-old jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand in Quebec. Sample plots in the same stand were fertilized six times with N, P, and K in a 10-year period to maintain four foliar N regimes (optimum nutrition experiment). Smothering of ground vegetation with straw improved N nutrition and produced a sustained increase in tree growth. Sustained growth increases were obtained by repeated applications of 56 kg N/ha associated with 1.4% N foliar concentrations in current foliage. Gross volume increments of about 3 m3 • ha−1 • year−1 were sustained with these low applications. Repeated heavy N applications killed trees and reduced growth. Repeated additions of P and K with N did not produce appreciable differences in response from additions of N alone. Increment cores showed the annual development in growth as increasing over most of the 10-year period for low repeated N additions, and as increased and stable over the same period for the straw addition.

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Weetman ◽  
D. Algar

The response of a 40-year-old even-aged jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand to nitrogen fertilization was studied in four experiments.Smothering of the ericaceous ground vegetation layer with straw led to increased tree growth rates and improved N uptake. The application of calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and urea at 112 and 448 kg N/ha was followed by analysis of the composition of extractable humus N, together with foliar and increment analyses. After a 3-year response period, there was evidence for the superiority of the ammonium nitrate form of N fertilizer over urea. The applications of urea appear to have been associated with possible N volatilization losses, and also inadequate urease activity in the thin dry humus layer which led to delayed N uptake by the trees. Calcium nitrate, although not an efficient fertilizer, was associated with appreciable growth responses, even though increased foliar and extractable humus N concentrations were not maintained.An optimum nutrition experiment utilizing repeated fertilization indicated that sustained foliar nutrient regimes can be maintained.The study indicated that growth increases were associated with increased unit needle weights as well as increased foliar N concentrations. A graphical technique which analyzes treatment responses, unit needle weight, and nutrient concentration, was used to screen response data, without waiting the customary 5-year period for stem increment response.


1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1978-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Weetman ◽  
L.C. Dallaire ◽  
R. Fournier

Sample plots in a 45-year-old jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand were fertilized six times with N or N, P, and K in a 10-year period to maintain four foliar N regimes. Volume growth response 3.6% above controls was obtained by repeated applications of 56 kg N•ha−1 associated with the target foliar N concentration of 1.4%. Application of 1344 kg N•ha−1 over 10 years killed trees and reduced growth. Growth response lasted 3 to 5 years after the application of 336 kg N•ha−1 and 7 to 9 years after the applications of 672 and 1344 kg N•ha−1. Additions of P and K with N did not produce a significant difference in growth, based on diameter data. Volume growth response to a single application of straw was similar to that obtained by repeated N additions, and lasted for 11 years.


2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2380
Author(s):  
S. Y. Zhang ◽  
Gilles Chauret ◽  
D. Edwin Swift ◽  
Isabelle Duchesne

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Evert ◽  
Paul F. Bertrand ◽  
`Benjamin G. Mullinix

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge cv. Paraguayan-22) growing under newly planted peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees severely stunted the trees. Neither supplemental fertilizer nor irrigating with two 3.8-liters·hour-1 emitters per tree eliminated tree stunting emitters were controlled by an automatic tensiometer set to maintain 3 kpa at a depth of 0.5 m under a tree in bahiagrass. Preplant fumigation with ethylene dibromide at 100 liters·ha-1 increased tree growth, but not tree survival. Fenamiphos, a nematicide, applied under the trees each spring and fall at a rate of 11 kg-ha -1 had no positive effect on tree survival, tree growth, or nematode populations. Bahiagrass tended to suppress populations of Meloidogyne spp. under the trees., Meloidogyne spp. were the only nematodes present that had mean populations > 65 per 150 cm3 of soil. Leaf concentrations of several elements differed between trees growing in bahiagrass sod and in. bare ground treated with herbicides. Leaf Ca was low for all treatments in spite of a soil pH near 6.5 and adequate soil Ca. The severe stunting of trees grown in bahiagrass, irrespective of the other treatments, demonstrated that bahiagrass should not be grown under newly planted trees. The low populations of parasitic nematodes in bahiagrass showed that bahiagrass has potential as a preplant biological control of nematodes harmful to peach trees. Chemical name used: ethyl 3-methy1-4-(methylthio) phenyl (1-methylethyl) phosphoramidate (fenamiphos).


1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Price

AbstractParasitoid populations were sampled before, and for 4 years following, an aerial application of the insecticide phosphamidon to control a sawfly outbreak. Adult parasitoid mortality was high because of spraying, but a reservoir of parasitoids in host cocoons remained to repopulate the treated areas. In moister sites the number of species decreased and their relative abundance changed, but moderate numbers of parasitoids remained 4 years after spraying. In a dry site with little ground vegetation, none of the species present before spraying remained by the fourth year.


1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Weetman ◽  
R. M. Fournier

Sample plots in a 45-year-old jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand in Quebec were fertilized with urea, ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate in single applications of 112 or 448 kg N/ha. There were no significant differences in periodic volume response owing to the form of N added; applications of 112 kg N/ha gave temporary increases in stand growth which lasted 4–5 years, while applications of 448 kg N/ha produced responses lasting 7–8 years. In an experiment of the standardized interprovincial series no significant differences in periodic volume response were found although there was an indication of increased response to the addition of P with N. Fertilizer efficiency was examined for single and repeated applications on the site. The most efficient fertilizer use was with repeated light applications of 56 kg N/ha, requiring 8 kg N for every cubic metre per hectare produced.


2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianjun Zhang ◽  
Changhui Peng ◽  
Qinglai Dang

Individual-tree models of five-year basal area growth were developed for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in northern Ontario. Tree growth data were collected from long-term permanent plots of pure and mixed stands of the two species. The models were fitted using mixed model methods due to correlated remeasurements of tree growth over time. Since the data covered a wide range of stand ages, stand conditions and tree sizes, serious heterogeneous variances existed in the data. Therefore, the coefficients of the final models were obtained using weighted regression techniques. The models for the two species were evaluated across 4-cm diameter classes using independent data. The results indicated (1) the models of jack pine and black spruce produced similar prediction errors and biases for intermediate-sized trees (12–28 cm in tree diameter), (2) both models yielded relatively large errors and biases for larger trees (> 28 cm) than those for smaller trees, and (3) the jack pine model produced much larger errors and biases for small-sized trees (< 12 cm) than did the black spruce model. Key words: mixed models, repeated measures, model validation


2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Marquis ◽  
D. Paré

In silvicultural trials, the confounding influence of permanent soil properties is assumed to be minimal. A covariance analysis using total elemental concentrations of parent material (geochemistry) and soil particle size distribution (texture) was used to understand the role that these variables could play in tree growth and foliar nutrient status, and in the growth response to site preparation of 16- to18-yr-old jack pine plantations growing on seemingly homogeneous glacial outwash deposits. Three treatments were tested in a replicated design: direct plantation, and site preparation with TTS or with Bräcke. The combination of particle size distribution and soil geochemistry explained the site quality index (SQI) in control plots (R2 = 0.94) better than soil texture alone. In all plots, SQI was strongly related to K and Mg concentrations in foliage and in humus and, to a lesser degree, to foliar N concentrations. A covariance analysis using soil texture and geochemical composition indicated that while site preparation had an effect on tree growth, the sites that responded the most to site preparation were the ones with the lowest growth potential as determined by soil texture and geochemistry. Key words: Silviculture, site preparation, site quality index, growth, permanent soil factors, texture, geochemistry, nutrition


1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
A. Steven Messenger

Soil pH values around chlorotic pin oaks and green pin oaks were significantly different to a depth of 55 cm. Throughout that depth, average values around green trees were 6.1–6.8; those around chlorotic trees averaged 7.2–7.4 and were within a total range of 6.7–7.9. Mean foliar concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn were each significantly lower in chlorotic tree foliage for at least 1 of the 3 seasonal sampling periods. Mean concentrations of P, K, and Mg were each significantly higher in chlorotic tree foliage for at least 1 of the 3 sampling periods. Eighty-six percent of all chlorotic tree samples (159) could be distinguished from all green tree samples (124) either by lower micronutrient concentrations or higher macronutrient/micronutrient ratios. As treated trees progressed from a chlorotic to a totally green condition, each underwent reductions in foliar N and P concentrations. Green trees fertilized with ammonium phosphate had significantly lower concentrations of Fe, Cu, and K + Ca + Mg concurrent with significantly higher concentrations of N and P when compared to the controls. It is concluded that chlorotic pin oaks should not be deemed as simply iron-deficient and that indiscriminant fertilization of pin oaks or the lawns around them with NPK fertilizers may be deleterious.


Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-419
Author(s):  
Jefferson Bittencourt Venâncio ◽  
Wellinton Farias Araújo ◽  
Edvan Alves Chagas ◽  
Rafael Souza Melo

TEORES E EXTRAÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES PELAS FOLHAS DO ABACAXIZEIRO ‘VITÓRIA’ SOB ADUBAÇÃO POTÁSSICA E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO*  JEFFERSON BITTENCOURT VENÂCIO1; WELLINTON FARIAS ARAÚJO2; EDVAN ALVEZ CHAGAS3 E RAFAEL SOUZA MELO4  [1]Mestre em Agronomia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (POSAGRO), Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Ciências Agrárias (UFRR/CCA), Rodovia BR 174, km 12, Monte Cristo, Boa Vista – RR, Campus Cauamé, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected];2Professor Dr. Associado, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia (POSAGRO), Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Centro de Ciências Agrárias (UFRR/CCA), Rodovia BR 174, km 12, Monte Cristo, Boa Vista – RR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected];3Pesquisador, Departamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Embrapa Roraima, Rodovia BR 174, km 8, Distrito Industrial, Boa Vista – RR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Agropecuário, Departamento de Defesa Vegetal, Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Roraima (ADERR), Rua Coronel Mota, 1.142, Centro, Boa Vista – RR, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected].*Extraído da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor  1      RESUMO As condições de cultivo podem afetar o estado nutricional e a extração de nutrientes pelas plantas. Assim, um experimento de campo foi realizado nas condições edafoclimáticas da savana de Roraima, objetivando avaliar o efeito de doses de K2O e lâminas de irrigação sobre o estado nutricional e a extração de macronutrientes pelas folhas do abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’, em diferentes idades fisiológicas da planta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos inteiramente casualizados em arranjo de parcelas sub-subdivididas. As parcelas foram compostas pelas doses de potássio – K2O - 0, 10, 20 e 30 g planta-1, as subparcelas foram compostas pelas lâminas de irrigação em “line source” - 134,9; 267,5; 446,8; 558,3; e 655,2 mm, e as sub-subparcelas pelas épocas de amostragem - 120, 195, 270 e 345 dias após o plantio (DAP). O estado nutricional dos abacaxizeiros foi avaliado quanto aos teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e as relações K:N, K:Ca e K:Mg nas folhas. Os teores foliares de K e P não sofreram alterações com as doses de K2O, mas foram afetados significativamente pelo menor regime hídrico (134,9 mm), principalmente nas épocas de maior déficit hídrico. Os teores foliares de N responderam positivamente ao incremento do K2O no solo, aos 120 DAP, e decresceram a partir de 270 DAP. A irrigação em nível mais elevado (655,2 mm) reduziu os teores foliares de N. Aos 345 DAP, os teores foliares de Ca e Mg reduziram significativamente com o aumento das doses de K2O, e apresentaram resposta diferencial aos níveis de irrigação adotados. A relação K:N no tecido foliar não foi afetada pela adubação, mas as relações K:Ca e K:Mg aumentaram significativamente. As lâminas de irrigação influenciaram essas relações de forma diferenciada sendo dependentes da época de amostragem. A ordem de extração de nutrientes nas folhas foi K>N>Ca>Mg>P e, aos 345 DAP, sendo 141,09 kg ha-1 de K (169,95 kg ha-1 de K2O); 76,97 kg ha-1 de N; 42,58 kg ha-1 de Ca; 25,70 kg ha-1 de Mg; e 9,48 kg ha-1 de P (21,72 kg ha-1 de P2O5). A relação de extração N:P:K:Ca:Mg foi de 1,00:0,12:1,83:0,55:0,33. Nas condições de savana de Roraima, considerando a produção de massa seca foliar (MSF), recomenda-se a dose de 16 g planta-1 de K2O e elevar a umidade do solo à capacidade de campo, quando a tensão de água no solo atingir a faixa de 25 a 50 kPa. Palavras-chave: Ananas comosus var. comosus, nutrição mineral, savana, Amazônia.  VENÂCIO, J.B; ARAÚJO, W.F.; CHAGAS, E.A.; MELO, R.S.LEVELS AND UPTAKE OF MACRONUTRIENT BY 'VITORIA' PINEAPPLE LEAVES UNDER POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION AND IRRIGATION 2      ABSTRACT The field experiment was conducted at conditions of the savanna of Roraima to evaluate the effect of potassium and irrigation levels on nutritional status and macronutrient uptake by leaves of pineapple 'Vitoria' in different physiological ages of the plant. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with split-split plot arrangement. The plots were composed by potassium – K2O - (0, 10, 20 and 30 g plant- 1), the subplots were composed by irrigation in "line source" - 134.9; 267.5; 446.8; 558.3; and 655.2 mm , and sub - subplots , the sampling times - 120, 195, 270 and 345 days after planting (DAP). The nutritional status of pineapple was evaluated for macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and K:N ratio, K:Ca and K:Mg) in the leaves. The foliar concentrations of K and P were not altered by doses of potassium, but were significantly less affected by water regime (134.9 mm), especially in times of increased water deficit. The foliar N content responded positively to increase of potassium at 120 DAP and decreased from 270 DAP. The irrigation in its highest level (655.2 mm) reduced foliar N. At 345 DAP, the foliar Ca and Mg were significantly decreased with increasing doses of potassium and showed differential response to irrigation levels. The K:N ratio in leaf tissue was not affected by fertilization, but the relations K:Ca and K:Mg were significantly increased. Water depth influenced these relationships differently by the time of sampling. The order of extraction of nutrients in the leaves was K > N > Ca > Mg > P at 345 DAP , with 141.09 kg ha - 1 of K (169.95 kg ha-1 K2O); 76.97 kg ha-1 of N; 42.58 kg ha- 1 of Ca; 25.70 kg ha-1 of Mg; and 9.48 kg ha-1 of P (21.72 kg ha-1 P2O5). The extraction ratio was N:P:K:Ca:Mg 1.00:0.12:1.83:0.55:0.33, respectively. Keywords: Ananas comosus var. comosus; mineral nutrition; savanna; Amazônia.


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