Deicing Salt (Sodium Chloride) Damage to Pinusresinosa Ait.

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Sucoff ◽  
Ray Feller ◽  
Dennis Kanten
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Deicing Salts ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Four studies demonstrated that NaCl spray was the primary cause of browning of Pinusresinosa Ait. along salted roads. All damaged needles had high Cl and when analyzed, high Na; the symptoms produced by spraying NaCl on forest trees appeared identical with highway symptoms; damage occurred in the spring warm-up after a winter buildup of Na and Cl; damage was greatest where use of deicing salts was greatest. Coincidence between Cl in needles and on needles indicated spray was the source of the salt. Brown needles had higher osmotic potentials (Ps) in proportion to NaCl content, but high Ps was probably incidental to damage. Still unexplained are the occasional green highway pines with high Na and Cl.

scholarly journals Germination of chia seeds submitted to saline stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
R. Stefanello ◽  
B. B. Viana ◽  
P. C. H. Goergen ◽  
L. A. S. Neves ◽  
U. R. Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract Salinity, of both soil and water, is one of the main causes of crop yield decline. Within this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different salts on the germination of chia seeds. The experiment was conducted in a BOD chamber at a constant temperature of 20 °C and in the presence of light. The seeds were placed on paper soaked with aqueous solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), at the osmotic potentials zero, -0.10, -0.20, -0.30, and -0.40 MPa. The effect of the salinity was evaluated using a germination test, with counts on days 7 and 14 after sowing. Based on the results, chia seeds tolerate concentrations of NaCl to -0.4 MPa and KCl to -0.20 MPa. The salts CaCl2 and MgCl2 had a negative effect on the germination and vigor of the chia seeds for the osmotic potentials -0.30 MPa and -0.20 MPa, respectively.

scholarly journals Settling of Road-Deposited Sediment: Influence of Particle Density, Shape, Low Temperatures, and Deicing Salt

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3126
Author(s):  
Steffen H. Rommel ◽  
Laura Gelhardt ◽  
Antje Welker ◽  
Brigitte Helmreich
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Deicing Salts ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Settling Column

Separation of particulate matter (PM) is the most important process to achieve a reduction of contaminants present in road runoff. To further improve knowledge about influencing factors on the settling of road-deposited sediment (RDS), samples from three sites were collected. Since particle size distribution (PSD) has the strongest effect on settling, the samples were sieved to achieve comparable PSDs so that the effects of particle density, shape, fluid temperature, and deicing salt concentration on settling could be assessed using settling experiments. Based on the experimental data, a previously proposed model that describes the settling of PM was further developed and validated. In addition, RDS samples were compared to a standard mineral material, which is currently in use to evaluate treatment efficiency of stormwater quality improvement devices. The main finding was that besides PSD, particle density is the most important influencing factor. Particle shape was thoroughly described but showed no significant improvement of the prediction of the settled mass. Temperature showed an effect on PM settling; deicing salts were negligible. The proposed models can sufficiently predict the settling of RDS in settling column experiments under varying boundary conditions and are easily applicable.

Use of Fly Ash to Minimize Deicing Salt Damage in Concrete Pavements

2017 ◽  
Vol 2629 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prannoy Suraneni ◽  
Vahid J. Azad ◽  
O. Burkan Isgor ◽  
W. Jason Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Performance Specification ◽  
Hydrated Cement Paste ◽  
Deicing Salts ◽  
Damage In Concrete

Premature damage has been observed at the joints in numerous concrete pavements where calcium chloride and magnesium chloride deicing salts have been used. This damage results from a reaction between the deicing salt and the calcium hydroxide (CH) in the hydrated cement paste. This reaction leads to the formation of an expansive product known as calcium oxychloride (CAOXY). The use of supplementary cementitious materials as a replacement for cement has been proposed to reduce the CH that is available in the mixture to react with the deicing salts. Reducing the CH can reduce the amount of CAOXY that forms. In this study, mixtures representative of paving concrete were made with cements and fly ashes from across the country. CH amounts were determined by using thermogravimetric analysis, and CAOXY amounts were determined by using low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry. Various replacement levels of fly ash were used to demonstrate that the main parameter that influences the amounts of CH and CAOXY that form is the replacement level of fly ash. This paper proposes that a prescriptive specification requiring 35% cement replacement by volume with fly ash would reduce the damage caused by CAOXY formation and further proposes a performance specification to limit the CAOXY formation to below 15 g/100 g paste.

scholarly journals Establishment of a semi-selective method for the detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in dry bean and soybean seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Hikari Kawasaki ◽  
José da Cruz Machado
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The objective in this work was to improve the existing methodology for the detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in dry bean and soybean seeds through the use of water restrictors in place of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, in PDA substrate containing bromophenol blue and antibiotics (Neon-S). Firstly, the effects of the water restrictors mannitol, sodium chloride, and polyethyleneglycol (PEG6000) at different osmotic potentials were evaluated on the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum isolates and on the radicle protrusion of seeds of the species studied. The use of water restrictors with osmotic potentials of up to -0.5 MPa for PEG and -1.0 MPa for mannitol and sodium chloride did not affect the mycelial growth of the isolates tested, and proved to be satisfactory to inhibit the radicle protrusion of the seeds tested. In the second stage of this work, alternating light and continuous darkness were tested in the detection of fungus in the seeds of both species by the modified Neon method. The methodology composed by solid medium PDA, bromophenol blue (100 ppm), chloramphenicol (50 ppm) and water restrictor mannitol (-1.0 MPa) at a temperature of 20 °C with incubation in darkness, proved to be effective and reliable in the detection of that pathogen in routine analysis laboratory.

Erratum: Deicing salt (sodium chloride) damage to Pinusresinosa Ait.

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-245
Author(s):  
Edward Sucoff ◽  
Ray Feller ◽  
Dennis Kanten
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Deicing Salt

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Chloride Salinity on the Water Balance of Atriplex Halimus

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kaplan ◽  
J Gale
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Atriplex Halimus ◽  
Percentage Saturation ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Chloride Salinity

Sodium chloride was found to improve the water balance of A. halimus plants under conditions of high evaporative demand. This improvement was expressed by higher values of turgor pressure and percentage saturation value in plants grown in salinized culture solutions (Knop solution to which sodium chloride was added to give final osmotic potentials of from -3 to -10 bars) as compared with plants grown in the control (Knop) solutions.

scholarly journals Performance of Concrete Pavement in the Presence of Deicing Salts and Deicing Salt Cocktails

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prannoy Suraneni ◽  
Jonathan Monical ◽  
Erol Unal ◽  
Yaghoob Farnam ◽  
Chiara Villani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Deicing Salts

scholarly journals Effects of deicing salt on lowbush blueberry flowering and yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Eaton ◽  
Jeff Hoyle ◽  
Andrew King
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Road Salt ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

The effects of deicing salt (NaCl) on buds, blossoms and yields of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) were assessed over 3 yr in two commercial fields adjacent to a major Nova Scotia highway. Concentrations of road salt on exposed stems were highest next to the highway, and decreased with distance from the road. Numbers of blossoms, and subsequent fruit yields were low nearest the road, and increased with distance from the highway. Numbers of live blueberry buds and blossoms, and subsequent yields, were inversely related to concentrations of road salt on the stems. Plants under plastic shelters placed near the highway had more live buds and blossoms, as well as higher yields relative to plants exposed to deicing salt. Key words: Vaccinium, sodium chloride, salt damage, desiccation

scholarly journals Control of Chloride Ion Corrosion by MgAlO x /MgAlFeO x in the Process of Chloride Deicing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
Qi Zhu ◽  
Zipeng Xing ◽  
Lei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Deicing Salt ◽  
Deicing Salts ◽  
Chloride Salts

Abstract The corrosion inhibitor that is added to chloride deicing salt, whose anti-corrosion and low pollution is great significance. LDHs, calcined at high temperature were used as adsorbents to remove various anionic contaminants and it could reduce the solution's freezing point after adsorbing anions. Therefore, this paper reports the use of calcined LDHs as corrosion inhibitors in deicing salts. We analyzed that the removal ability of chloride ion MgAlFeOx was stronger than that of MgAlOx, reaching 85.50%, and the freezing point was lower than that of MgAlOx, the value was -12.0 °C. At the same time, we also found that CaCl2-MgAlOx and CaCl2-MgAlFeOx significantly reduce the corrosion of carbon steel and concrete compared with chloride salts, and CaCl2-MgAlFeOx has the lowest corrosion degree. Hence, we determined that MgAlFeOx was corrosion inhibitor in chloride deicing salt. The metal molar ratio, synthesis temperature and calcination temperature for preparation of MgAl/MgAlFe-LDHs were determined by XRD and TG-DSC analysis that are 9/2/1, 120 ºC and 500 ºC, respectively. The characteristics of MgAlFeOx after Fe3+ addition were studied in detail by Zeta, XRD, XPS, BET and SEM. The mechanism of corrosion inhibitor’s anticorrosion was determined, which was achieved by adsorption and neutralization.

scholarly journals DOES SILICON INCREASE THE TOLERANCE OF A SENSITIVE PEPPER GENOTYPE TO SALT STRESS?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Ozlem Altuntas ◽  
Hayriye Yıldız Dasgan ◽  
Yelderem Akhoundnejad ◽  
Ibrahim Kutalmıs Kutsal
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

We evaluated the growth performance, ion regulation, osmotic potential, and chlorophyll content of two pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes with different salinity tolerance levels (Karaisali is tolerant and Demre is sensitive to salinity) under saline conditions with the application of silicon (Si). Plants were grown in pots filled with vermiculite in control or saline conditions [150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] with or without 2 mM Si from potassium silicate for 60 days after sowing. Better growth effects due to Si application were observed in the sensitive pepper Demre than in Karaisali, particularly, the root and fruit growth were remarkably enhanced in Demre. Furthermore, Si application reduced sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) concentrations and increased potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in the leaves and roots. The reduction in Na concentration in the leaves due to Si application was 9% and 2% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively. Under saline conditions, the increase in K concentration due to Si application in the leaves was 11% and 14% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively. In addition, Si application resulted in an increase in K/Na ratios in the leaves by 22% and 17% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively, in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. The increase in Ca concentration in the roots due to Si application was 55% in Demre compared with only 9% in Karaisali. The addition of NaCl decreased the chlorophyll concentration in both the genotypes, but Si application increased it. This increase in chlorophyll concentration was higher in Demre than in Karaisali. Si application allowed both the genotypes to maintain higher osmotic potentials than those in untreated plants. As a result, it may be claimed that under salt stress, Si application has a more alleviative effect on the susceptible pepper genotypes (Demre) than on the tolerant one (Karaisali). This information could be useful for the practical application of Si under saline conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document