scholarly journals DOES SILICON INCREASE THE TOLERANCE OF A SENSITIVE PEPPER GENOTYPE TO SALT STRESS?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Ozlem Altuntas ◽  
Hayriye Yıldız Dasgan ◽  
Yelderem Akhoundnejad ◽  
Ibrahim Kutalmıs Kutsal
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

We evaluated the growth performance, ion regulation, osmotic potential, and chlorophyll content of two pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes with different salinity tolerance levels (Karaisali is tolerant and Demre is sensitive to salinity) under saline conditions with the application of silicon (Si). Plants were grown in pots filled with vermiculite in control or saline conditions [150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] with or without 2 mM Si from potassium silicate for 60 days after sowing. Better growth effects due to Si application were observed in the sensitive pepper Demre than in Karaisali, particularly, the root and fruit growth were remarkably enhanced in Demre. Furthermore, Si application reduced sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) concentrations and increased potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in the leaves and roots. The reduction in Na concentration in the leaves due to Si application was 9% and 2% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively. Under saline conditions, the increase in K concentration due to Si application in the leaves was 11% and 14% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively. In addition, Si application resulted in an increase in K/Na ratios in the leaves by 22% and 17% in Demre and Karaisali, respectively, in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. The increase in Ca concentration in the roots due to Si application was 55% in Demre compared with only 9% in Karaisali. The addition of NaCl decreased the chlorophyll concentration in both the genotypes, but Si application increased it. This increase in chlorophyll concentration was higher in Demre than in Karaisali. Si application allowed both the genotypes to maintain higher osmotic potentials than those in untreated plants. As a result, it may be claimed that under salt stress, Si application has a more alleviative effect on the susceptible pepper genotypes (Demre) than on the tolerant one (Karaisali). This information could be useful for the practical application of Si under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Sodium Chloride-Induced Salt Stress Responses of Antioxidative Activities in Leaves and Roots of Pistachio Rootstock

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akbari ◽  
Ramesh katam ◽  
Rabab Husain ◽  
Mostafa Farajpour ◽  
Silvia Mazzuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Salinity substantially affects plant growth and crop productivity worldwide. Plants adopt several biochemical mechanisms including regulation of antioxidant biosynthesis to protect themselves against the toxic effects induced by the stress. One-year-old Pistachio rootstock exhibiting different degrees of salinity tolerance were subjected to sodium chloride induced salt stress to identify genetic diversity among cultivated pistachio rootstock for their antioxidant responses, and to determine the correlation of these enzymes to salinity stress. Leaves and roots were harvested following NaCl-induced stress. Results show that a higher concentration of NaCl treatment induced oxidative stress in the leaf tissue and to a lesser extent in the roots. Both tissues showed an increase in ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and malondialdehyde. Responses of antioxidant enzymes were cultivar dependent, as well as temporal and dependent on the salinity level. Linear and quadratic regression model analysis revealed significant correlation of enzyme activities to salinity treatment in both tissues. The variation in salinity tolerance reflected their capabilities in orchestrating antioxidant enzymes at the roots and harmonized across the cell membranes of the leaves. The study provides a better understanding of root and leaf coordination in regulating the antioxidant enzymes to NaCl induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Sodium Chloride-Induced leaf senescence in Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam. and Foeniculum vulgare L.

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R. B. Haddad ◽  
Paulo Mazzafera
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Leaf senescence induced by sodium chloride was studied in Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam. and Foeniculum vulgare L. Both species belong to Umbelliferae family, however only H. bonariensis grows spontaneously in sandy soils of coastal regions (saline soils). Leaves of plants receiving nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of NaCl were evaluated for fresh and dry weights and chlorophyll content. The denaturating electrophoretic profiles of leaf proteins were also studied. Sodium chloride changed the protein profile of F. vulgare and hastened the leaf senescence of both the species. However, plants of H. bonariensis receiving 599 mM NaCl lasted longer than F. vulgare. Therefore, the occurrence of H. bonariensis in saline soils might be related with mechanisms of salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals Influence of Salt Stress on Growth and Frost Resistance of Three Winter Cereals

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Renata Matuszak-Slamani ◽  
Aleksander Brzóstowicz
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract This paper presents results of a study on the influence of 0-150 mmol NaCl dm-3 Hoagland solution on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and frost resistance of seedlings of three winter cereals: wheat - cv. Almari, rye - cv. Amilo, and triticale - cv. Tornado. Sodium chloride at 25 mmol dm-3 caused better growth of wheat shoots and roots, both of fresh and dry matter. Higher concentrations of NaCl in the medium decreased the biomass of the tested seedlings. The influence of NaCl on the chlorophyll content in the seedlings varied. The conductometry method showed that the resistance of the cell walls of wheat and rye to low temperature decreased in the presence of NaCl in the growth medium. Luminescence has shown that seedlings that grew in NaCl-containing medium indicated an impediment of electron flow at a lower temperature than the control plants.

scholarly journals Germinação de Salvia splendens L. submetida à salinidade

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Brito Chaim Jardim Rosa ◽  
Jackeline Schultz Soares ◽  
Leandro Bassi Moreno ◽  
Guilherme Silva Michels ◽  
Camila Soares Rosa Lemes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The salinity is a limiting factor for germination to occur in most species being necessary studies that assess the interaction between plants and saline environment to which they are being associated. The present study had as aim to evaluate the germination and characteristics of vigor in Salvia splendens subjected to salinity. The seeds were exposed to different osmotic potentials, simulating salt stress caused by NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 at potentials of 0, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6 and -2.0 MPa. In general, CaCl2 led to the best results for all variables, probably connected to the positive effect of Ca2+ in cell metabolism, allowing germination of 60.81% in the osmotic potential of -1.35 MPa.

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

​Antioxidant Responses of Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] Seedling under Iso-osmotic Potential of Salinity and Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousik Atta ◽  
Jahnavi Sen ◽  
Pravachan Chettri ◽  
Anjan Kumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
Vigna Umbellata ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Background: Salinity and drought are the major abiotic stresses and both can cause osmotic imbalances. Drought stress directly results in osmotic stress whereas salinity problem firstly disrupts the water balance and eventually induces ion toxicity which results in cyto-toxicity, metabolic impairment, nutrient imbalance and finally poor crop growth and yield. The co-ordinated up-regulation or constitutive expression of antioxidative system in plants is the main defense in plant against these stresses and thus the present experiment was undertaken to study the antioxidant responses under drought and salinity stress at seedling stage in ricebean (Bidhan 1). Methods: For studying the effect of iso-osmotic potential of salinity and drought stress solutions of NaCl and PEG 6000 with -0.2 MPa (50mM NaCl and 10% PEG), -0.4 MPa (100 mM NaCl and 12% PEG) and -0.8 MPa (200mM NaCl and 18% PEG) osmotic potential were used. The experiment was done in the laboratory of Department Plant Physiology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia and West Bengal in the year 2017-18 and 2018-19. Result: Under moderate to high intensity of osmotic stresses the leaf proline content decreased. The mild and medium stress treatments induced much higher activity of GPOX and APX in the leaf which then decreased somewhat as the intensity of stress increased. The experiment showed that drought stress was found to produce more drastic effects on seedling growth in ricebean as compared to the salinity stress at iso-osmotic potentials.

ROOTING CAPABILITY AS IT RELATES TO SOIL MOISTURE EXTRACTION AND OSMOTIC POTENTIAL OF SEMIDWARF AND NORMAL-STATURED GENOTYPES OF SIX-ROW BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. IRVINE ◽  
B. L. HARVEY ◽  
B. G. ROSSNAGEL
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Moisture Extraction ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The rooting capabilities of four semidwarf and two normal-statured genotypes were estimated by 32P uptake and extraction of roots from a column of soil. The two height groups did not differ in root volume when the plants were grown in a rooting medium composed of three parts sand and one part topsoil. Rooting was estimated under field conditions by placing 32P in the soil at 15, 30, 60, and 90 cm and measuring 32P activity in the aerial plant portions 15, 30, 45 and 61 days from seeding. Semidwarf and normal-statured types had the same relative distribution of 32P uptake on all days. Water uptake by semidwarf and normal height genotypes was similar over the season in both environments receiving incident rainfall. There was a significant effect of environment on the osmotic potential of the last fully developed leaf. Plants growing in environments with low soil water developed lower osmotic potentials. However, there were no differences in genotypic reponse indicating similar osmotic adjustment. It was concluded that semidwarf and normal genotypes do not differ in rooting water uptake or osmotic adjustment due to plant stature.

scholarly journals Screening of ‘King’ Mandarin Hybrids as Tolerant Citrus Rootstocks to Flooding Stress

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Mary-Rus Martínez-Cuenca ◽  
Amparo Primo-Capella ◽  
María Ángeles Forner-Giner
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Flooding Stress ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

This work compares the tolerance to long-term anoxia conditions (35 days) of five new citrus ‘King’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis L. Lour) × Poncirus trifoliata ((L.) Raf.) hybrids (named 0501XX) and Carrizo citrange (CC, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), the widely used citrus rootstock in Spain. Growth parameters, chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange and fluorescence parameters, water relations in leaves, abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, and PIP1 and PIP2 gene expressions were assessed. With a waterlogging treatment, the root system biomass of most hybrids went down, and the chlorophyll a and b concentrations substantially dropped. The net CO2 assimilation rates (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) lowered significantly due to flooding, and the transpiration rate (E) closely paralleled the changes in gs. The leaf water and osmotic potentials significantly increased in most 0501 hybrids. As a trend, flooding stress lowered the ABA concentration in roots from most hybrids, but increased in the leaves of CC, 05019 and 050110. Under the control treatment (Ct) conditions, most 0501 hybrids showed higher PIP1 and PIP2 expressions than the control rootstock CC, but were impaired due to the flooding conditions in 05019 and 050110. From this study, we conclude that 0501 genotypes develop some adaptive responses in plants against flooding stress such as (1) stomata closure to prevent water loss likely mediated by ABA levels, and (2) enhanced water and osmotic potentials and the downregulation of those genes regulating aquaporin channels to maintain water relations in plants. Although these traits seemed especially relevant in hybrids 050110 and 050125, further experiments must be done to determine their behavior under field conditions, particularly their influence on commercial varieties and their suitability as flooding-tolerant hybrids for replacing CC, one of the main genotypes that is widely used as a citrus rootstock in Spain, under these conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of salt stress on plants of poplar clone "INRA 353-38" and willow clone "Zhytomyrska-1" in in vitro culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Yu. Khoma ◽  
L. Khudolieieva ◽  
N. Kutsokon
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Abiotic Factor

Soil salinization is an important abiotic factor negatively affecting plant growth, development and productivity. Fast-growing poplar and willow trees are important plants for bioenergy production demonstrating varying degrees of adaptation to different habitats. The study of salt resistance in different clones of poplars and willows will reveal genotypes that can be planted in saline soils for producing biomass for the bioenergy industry. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on poplar plants of clone 'INRA 353-38' (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) and willow clone 'Zhytomyrska – 1' (Salix sp.) under in vitro culture. For this purpose the plants were cultivated on MS nutrient medium with the addition of sodium chloride in concentrations 25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM. The control plants were grown on the sodium chloridefree medium. The plant status (with a 4-score scale), the intensity of their growth (by shoot length) and rooting capacity (by the number of roots) were assessed on the 10th and the 30th day of cultivation. The results obtained indicate a high level of sensitivity to sodium chloride of both studied clones under in vitro cultivation. But the willow 'Zhytomyrska – 1' had a higher sensitivity to salt stress comparing to hybrid polar 'ІNRA 353-38' since growth parameters of willow were significantly decreased even under the concentration of sodium chloride 50 mM, and in the case of short term influence (10 days) of the highest concentration of sodium chloride (100 mM) all willow plants terminated their growth and quickly died. The growth parameters of hybrid poplar were declined within a month, mainly under the highest concentration of sodium chloride, but even under such conditions some part of the shoots were able to survive.

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